Euphitrea nisotroides ( Chen, 1933 )

Euphitrea nisotroides ( Chen, 1933)

Figs 2 E View Figure 2 , 10 A – C View Figure 10 , 11 View Figure 11 , 12 A View Figure 12 , 13 View Figure 13

Neorthaea nisotroides Chen, 1933: 92 ( Taiwan: Taihorin); Chûjô 1935: 473 (part); Chûjô 1963: 399 (faunistic records); Chûjô 1958: 16 ( Japan: North Borodino Island); Kimoto 1966: 35 (faunistic records); Kimoto 1970: 215 (faunistic records).

Euphitrea nisotroides : Kimoto, 1986: 59 (faunistic records); Kimoto, 1989: 263 (faunistic records); Kimoto 1991 b: 19 (faunistic records); Yu et al. 1996: 251 ( China: Fujian); Wang and Yang 2006: 211 ( China: Gansu); Ruan and Yang 2017: 198 ( China: Shaanxi); Bezděk and Konstantinov 2024: 509 (catalogue).

Type material examined.

Lectotype • ♂ ( SDEI, here designated to clarify its taxonomic status), labeled: “ Taihorin (= Talin, 大林) / Formosa / H. Sauter, 1911 [p, w] // 7. VIII. [p, w] // Chen det [h, w] // Syntypus [p, r] // Coll. DEI / Eberawalde [p, w] // Neorthaea / nisotroides m. [h] / S. H. Chen det. [p, w] // SDEI Müncheberg / Col – 19931 [p, g] ” . Paralectotypes • 1 ♂ ( SDEI): “ Taihorin (= Talin, 大林) / Formosa / H. Sauter, 1911 [p, w] // 7. VIII. [p, w] // Chen det [h, w] // Syntypus [p, r] // Coll. DEI / Eberawalde [p, w] // Euphitrea / nisotroides / ( Chen, 1933) / det. Döberl 1999 [p, w] // SDEI Müncheberg / Col – 19930 [p, g] ” .

Additional material examined.

Taiwan. Chiayi • 1 ♂, 1 ♀ ( TARI), Arisan (= Alishan , 阿里山), 2–23.X.1918, leg. J. Sonan • 2 ♂, 3 ♀ ( TARI), Lichia (里佳), 8.V.2019, leg. B.-X. Guo • 8 ♂, 2 ♀ ( TARI), Laichi (來吉), 20.III.2009, leg. H. Lee • 2 ♂, 8 ♀ ( TARI), Shihpanku (石盤谷), 15.V.2017, leg. B.-X. Guo • 1 ♂ ( NHMUK), Tahorin (= Talin , 大林), III.1910, leg. S. G. Sauter ; Kaohsiung • 10 ♂, 9 ♀ ( TARI), Chiahsien (甲仙), 25.VI.2022, leg. Y.-F. Hsu • 1 ♀ ( TARI), Chungchihkuan (中之關), 13.X.2012, leg. L.-P. Hsu • 1 ♂ ( NHMUK), Hoozan (= Fengshan , 鳳山), III.1910, leg. H. Sauter • 1 ♂ ( TARI), Hsiaokuanshan (小關山), 15.V.2016, leg. B.-X. Guo • 14 ♂, 20 ♀ ( TARI), Kuotingshan (廓亭山), 26.VI.2022, leg. Y.-F. Hsu • 1 ♀ ( KMNH), Liu Kui (= Liukuei , 六龜), 31.III.1986, leg. K. Baba • 1 ♂ ( TARI), 27–28.VI.1981, leg. L. Y. Chou & C. H. Yang • 7 ♂, 4 ♀ ( TARI), Meilungshan (美瓏山), 15.VI.2016, leg. B.-X. Guo • 1 ♂ ( TARI), Shanping (扇平), 12.IV.2014, leg. W.-C. Laio • 1 ♀ ( TARI), same but with “ 4.X.2014 ” • 1 ♂, 4 ♀ ( TARI), Tengchih (藤枝), 2–5.VI.2008, leg. C.-F. Lee • 1 ♂ ( KMNH), Tao Nah (= Tona , 多納), 30.V.1986, leg. K. Baba • 3 ♂, 2 ♀ ( TARI), same locality, 28.III.2009, leg. C.-F. Lee • 3 ♂, 1 ♀ ( TARI), same locality, 28.IX.2023, leg. Y.-T. Chung • 1 ♂, 1 ♀ ( TARI), same but with “ 26.III.2024 ” ; Miaoli • 1 ♀ ( NHMUK), Daan River (大安溪) SW of Sanyi (三義), 24°21'30"N, 120°43'E, 150 m, 26–28.X.2008, leg. L. Dembický GoogleMaps ; Nantou • 1 ♀ ( TARI), Baibara (= Meiyuan , 眉原), 4–7.VII.1939, leg. Y. Miwa • 2 ♂ ( TARI), Hokuzanko (= Peishankeng , 北山坑), 6.VII.1940, leg. M. Chujo • 1 ♀ ( TARI), Hoshe (和社), 22.VII.1982, leg. L. Y. Chou & T. Lin • 1 ♂, 1 ♀ ( TARI), Huisun Forest Recreation (惠蓀林場), 26.VIII.2013, leg. F.-S. Huang • 3 ♂, 2 ♀ ( TARI), Kuantaoshan (關刀山), 5.VIII.2017, leg. B.-X. Guo • 43 ♂, 35 ♀ ( NHMUK), 0.5 km NW of Lushan (廬山), 121°10.876'N, 24°01.481'E, 1268 m, leg. H. Mendel, U. Ong, M. V. L. Barclay, R. Ewers GoogleMaps • 1 ♂ ( TARI), Nanshanchi (南山溪), 7.IV.2010, leg. Y.-T. Wang • 1 ♂ ( TARI), same but with “ 10.VII.2010 ” • 2 ♂, 4 ♀ ( TARI), Tungpu (東埔), 20–22.VI.1980, leg. C. C. Chen • 2 ♂, 6 ♀ ( TARI), same locality, 25–29.IX.1980, leg. L. Y. Chou & T. Lin • 25 ♂, 26 ♀ ( TARI), same locality, 28.IV.–2.V.1981, leg. T. Lin & C. J. Lee • 24 ♂, 24 ♀ ( TARI), same locality, 5–8.X.1981, leg. T. Lin & W. S. Tang • 13 ♂, 6 ♀ ( TARI), same locality, 18–23.XI.1981, leg. T. Lin & W. S. Tang • 47 ♂, 62 ♀ ( TARI), same locality, 19–23.VII.1982, leg. L. Y. Chou & T. Lin • 3 ♂, 3 ♀ ( TARI), same locality, 22–25.XI.1982, leg. K. C. Chou & S. P. Huang • 15 ♂, 20 ♀ ( TARI), same locality, 20–24.VI.1983, leg. K. C. Chou & C. Y. Wong • 20 ♂, 48 ♀ ( TARI), same locality, 16–20.IV.1984, leg. K. C. Chou & C. H. Yung • 34 ♂, 44 ♀ ( TARI), same locality, 23–27.VII.1984, leg. K. C. Chou & C. H. Yang ; 1 ♀ ( TARI), Wanfengtsun (萬豐村), 11.VII.2007, leg. Y.-C. Chang • 12 ♂, 7 ♀ ( TARI), same locality, 2.IV.2008, leg. W.-T. Liu • 1 ♂, 1 ♀ ( TARI), Musha (= Wushe , 霧社), 18.V.–15.VI.1919, leg. T. Okuni • 1 ♂, 1 ♀ ( TARI), same locality, 25.VI.–5.VII.1947, leg. Maa, Chen, & Lin • 1 ♂, 1 ♀ ( TARI), same locality, 30. VIII. 2.IX.1982, leg. L. Y. Chou & K. C. Chou • 2 ♂, 2 ♀ ( TARI), same locality, 19–22.IV.1983, leg. K. C. Chou & S. P. Huang • 1 ♀ ( TARI), same locality, 11–15.IX.1984, leg. K. S. Lin • 2 ♀ ( TARI), 17.VIII.1984, leg. K. C. Chou • 1 ♂ ( TARI), same locality, 11–15.IX.1984, leg. K. S. Lin • 1 ♂, 2 ♀ ( TARI), 23.III.2009, leg. U. Ong • 1 ♂ ( TARI), Yushih (幼獅), 4.VIII.1981, leg. T. Lin & W. S. Tang ; Pingtung • 3 ♂, 6 ♀ ( TARI), Chialeshui (佳樂水), 6.VII.2017, leg. B.-X. Guo • 1 ♂ ( SDEI), Koshun (= Henchun , 恆春), VI.1912, leg. H. Sauter • 1 ♂, 1 ♀ ( TARI), same locality, 25.IV.–25.V.1918, leg. J. Sonan • 1 ♀ ( TARI), same locality, 4.IV.1040, leg. R. Matsuda • 1 ♂ ( TARI), Lilungshan (里龍山), 5.XI.2009, leg. M.-H. Tsou • 1 ♀ ( TARI), Manchou (滿州), 16–30.VIII.2009, leg. M.-L. Jeng • 2 ♂, 3 ♀ ( TARI), Nanjenhu (南仁湖), 1.III.2011, leg. J.-C. Chen • 3 ♂, 2 ♀ ( TARI), Nanjenshan (南仁山), 24.II.2009, leg. C.-F. Lee • 2 ♀ ( TARI), Peitawushan (北大武山), 4.IV.2013, leg. Y.-T. Chung • 1 ♂ ( TARI), same but with “ 12.IV.2013 ” • 6 ♂, 5 ♀ ( TARI), same but with “ 22.IV.2014 ” • 1 ♂ ( TARI), same but with “ 21.III.2015 ” • 1 ♀ ( TARI), Tahanshan (大漢山), 18.VII.2007, leg. C.-F. Lee • 2 ♀ ( TARI), Wutai (霧台), 11.IX.2023, leg. Y.-T. Chung ; Taichung • 1 ♂, 2 ♀ ( TARI), Chaipaotai (佳保台), 14–18.X.1980, leg. K. S. Lin & C. H. Wang • 2 ♂, 6 ♀ ( TARI), Kukuan (谷關), 20–22.VI.1978, leg. K. S. Lin & K. C. Chou • 7 ♂, 5 ♀ ( TARI), same locality, 14–17.X.1980, leg. K. S. Lin & C. H. Wang • 2 ♂ ( TARI), same locality, 19.III.2014, leg. C.-F. Lee • 3 ♂, 2 ♀ ( TARI), Pahsienshan (八仙山), 2.XI.2009, leg. M.-H. Tsou ; Tainan • 1 ♂, 2 ♀ ( TARI), Kantoushan (崁頭山), 1.V.2017, leg. W.-C. Liao ; 1 ♀ ( TARI), Kuantzuling (關子嶺), 30.IX.1965, leg. S. C. Chiu • 2 ♀ ( TARI), Meiling (梅嶺), 28.XII.2008, leg. U. Ong ; Taitung • 2 ♀ ( TARI), Tipon (= Chihpen , 知本), 13.VI.1940, leg. M. Chujo • 1 ♀ ( TARI), same locality, 17–18.II.1982, leg. L. Y. Chou & K. C. Chou • 3 ♂, 6 ♀ ( TARI), same locality, 22.I.2013, leg. B.-X. Guo • 1 ♂, 1 ♀ ( TARI), Motien (摩天), 5.X.2010, leg. C.-F. Lee • 1 ♂ ( TARI), Rikiriki (= Lichi , 利吉), 21.III.1924, leg. N. Takeda • 4 ♂, 1 ♀ ( 1 ♂, 1 ♀: TARI; 3 ♂: NHMUK), Taito (= Taitung , 台東), 25.II.–27.III.1919, leg. S. Inamura, J. Sonan, M. Yoshino.

Redescription.

Adults. Length 3.5–4.3 mm, width 2.1–2.5 mm ( n = 772). Head, prothorax, and legs yellowish or reddish brown (Fig. 10 A – C View Figure 10 ); meso- and metathoracic, and abdominal ventrites blackish brown; antennomeres I – IV yellowish brown, apical 1 / 2 of V dark brown, VI – XI black. Furrows lateral to vertex deep and long, apically extending beyond apical margins of eyes (Fig. 2 E View Figure 2 ). Antennae (Fig. 11 A View Figure 11 ) filiform in males, ratios of lengths of antennomeres I – XI 1.0: 0.5: 0.4: 0.5: 0.6: 0.6: 0.6: 0.6: 0.6: 0.6: 0.8; ratios of length to width from antennomeres I – XI 2.9: 1.9: 2.0: 2.3: 2.5: 2.5: 2.5: 2.6: 2.6: 2.7: 3.9; much smaller in females, ratios of lengths of antennomeres I – XI (Fig. 11 B View Figure 11 ) 1.0: 0.5: 0.5: 0.5: 0.6: 0.6: 0.6: 0.6: 0.6: 0.6: 0.9; ratios of length to width from antennomeres I – XI 3.6: 2.3: 2.8: 2.6: 3.0: 2.4: 2.5: 2.4: 2.5: 2.5: 3.7. Pronotum 1.7 × wider than long; disc shining, with sparse, fine punctures, moderately convex; lateral margins rounded; apical margins almost straight; basal margin slightly and medially convex. Elytra 1.3 × longer than wide; disc with coarse punctures arranged longitudinally, with fine punctures between longitudinally arranged coarse punctures; lateral margins rounded, apically narrowed behind basal 1 / 3; humeral calli well developed, hind wings normal. Tarsomeres I of front and middle legs strongly swollen in males (Fig. 11 H View Figure 11 ); less swollen and much smaller in females (Fig. 11 I View Figure 11 ). Apical margin of abdominal ventrite V in males trilobed, notches shallow; apical margin of abdominal ventrite V broadly rounded in females. Aedeagus (Fig. 11 C – E View Figure 11 ) slender, ~ 4.7 × longer than wide; parallel-sided, apex widely rounded, slightly convex at middle of apical margin; moderately curved in lateral view; ventral surface with wide, longitudinal, sclerotized areas from apical 1 / 12 to middle, sides surrounded by membranous areas; tectum slightly sclerotized. Endophallic spiculae reduced. Gonocoxae (Fig. 11 F View Figure 11 ) longitudinal and connected at base; each gonocoxa apically narrow; apex narrowly rounded or truncate; curved inwards; with eight long apical setae. Ventrite VIII (Fig. 11 G View Figure 11 ) well sclerotized and small, short, and dense setae arranged into transverse line along apical margin, apical margin rounded, with four long setae at sides, spiculum extremely long. Spermathecal receptaculum (Fig. 11 I View Figure 11 ) strongly swollen; pump long and curved; sclerotized spermathecal duct short beyond spermathecal gland, base of spermathecal gland enlarged and sclerotized.

Diagnosis.

Adults of Euphitrea nisotroides are similar to those of E. taiwana with similar color patterns, but E. nisotroides can be easily recognized by its distinct, elongate longitudinal ridge on the vertex of the head (Fig. 2 E View Figure 2 ) (short longitudinal ridges on the vertex in E. taiwana ; Fig. 2 F View Figure 2 ). In addition, the antennae and tarsi are sexually dimorphic (Fig. 11 A, B, H, I View Figure 11 ), the aedeagi are slenderer (Fig. 11 C, D View Figure 11 ) (4.7 × longer than wide), and the apical margin of the abdominal ventrite VIII in females is rounded (Fig. 11 G View Figure 11 ). These characters differ in E. taiwana , with similar sizes of antennae (Fig. 14 A, B View Figure 14 ) and tarsi (Fig. 14 H, I View Figure 14 ) in both sexes, wider aedeagi (Fig. C, D) (3.8 × longer than wide) and truncate apical margin of abdominal ventrite VIII in females (Fig. 14 G View Figure 14 ).

Food plants.

Cannabaceae : Celtis sinensis Pers. ; Ulmaceae : Zelkova serrata (Thunb.) Makino ; Urticaceae : Boehmeria nivea (L.) Gaudich. (Fig. 12 A View Figure 12 ); Debregeasia orientalis C. J. Chen.

Distribution.

China, Japan, and Taiwan. Only one specimen was collected from the North Borodino Island, Japan ( Chûjô 1958). No detailed studies was conducted on Chinese specimens. Records from China and Japan need further confirmation. The species is widespread in the lowlands of central and south Taiwan. Adults were not found higher than 2000 m elevation (Fig. 13 View Figure 13 ).