Tydeus Koch

Key to the species of Tydeus Koch

1. Dorsal ornamentation lacking, entirely striate............................................................... 2

- Dorsal ornamentation type “Basketweave” (body covered with granulation)....................................... 41

2. Dorsal idiosomal setae similar in shape.................................................................... 3

- Dorsal idiosomal setae different in shape.................................................................. 24

3. Cheliceral stilettos as long as palptarsus.................................................................... 4

- Stilettos distinctly shorter than palptarsus................................................................... 5

4. Dorsal idiosomal setae narrowly spindle-like, slightly serrated and relatively long (especially “caudal” setae, e.g., f1 and h1 ca 38); seta f1 nearly as long as distance f1-h1; solenidion ωI short: significantly shorter than 1/2 distance ft-tcζ............................................................................................. T. electus Kuznetzov, 1973

- Dorsal idiosomal setae broader and lanceolate strongly serrated and short (e.g. f1 and h 1 18-22); seta f1 not longer than 1/2 dis- tance f1-h1; solenidion ωI longer than 1/2 of distance ft-tcζ: its tip almost reaches to bases of tectals.....................

............................................................................. .. T. diversus Kuznetzov, 1973 5. Dorsal idiosomal setae smooth...........................................................................6

- Dorsal idiosomal setae not smooth........................................................................9

6. Six pairs of genital setae ( ge) in adults; fastigial setae on tarsus I distinctly different in length; palptarsus eupathidium (p’ζ) distinctly cleft distally or “T”-shaped distally.................................................................. 7

- Four pairs of genital setae ( ge) in adults; fastigial setae subequal in length; palpal eupathidium only subtly cleft........... 8

7. Dorsal body setae tiny, needle-form, smooth, not broader than bothridial setae; palptarsus eupathidium (p’ζ) distinctly cleft distally; empodial claws present..................................................... T. linarocatus ( Schiess, 1981)

- Dorsal body setae spindle-like, broader than bothridial setae ( bo), slightly serrate; palptarsus eupathidium (p’ζ) bent, gradually narrowing apically, terminating in a “T”-shape; empodia with triangular basal excrescence only (claws reduced)........... T. narolicatus Kaźmierski and Ripka, 2013

8. With furrow at level of f1–f2; bothridial setae bo long (ca 32).......................... T. quadrisetosus ( Schiess, 1981)

- Without furrow at level of f1–f2; bothridial setae bo short (ca 26–27)............ T. riopardensis Silva , Cunha & Ferla 2014

9. Dorsal striae broad and widely separated, connected in some places; no more than twenty striae lie between bothridial setae ( bo)........................................................................... T. lindquisti ( Marshall, 1970)

- Dorsal striae more subtle and placed close to each other; several tens of striae between setae ( bo).....................10

10. Dorsal idiosomal setae long, especially “caudal” setae, setae f, h and ps1 nearly as long as bothridial setae; tip of seta f1 reaches base of h1........................................................... T. caryae Khanjani & Ueckermann, 2003

- Dorsal idiosomal setae not so long, setae f, h and ps1 shorter than bothridial setae; f1 does not reach base of h1..........11

11. Ventral striae between setae mtα transverse; dorsal setae of genua and tibiae III and IV stout and blunt..................................................................................................... T. costensis Baker, 1970

- Ventral striation between ( mtα) “V”-shaped or longitudinal; dorsal setae of genua and tibiae III and IV slender........... 12

12. Striae between ventral setae mtα form a “V”-pattern......................................................... 13

- Striae between ventral setae mtα longitudinal............................................................... 18

13. Dorsal idiosomal setae relatively broadly lanceolate and stout: setae f1 as long as 1/3 distance f1-h1; bothridial setae short, thickened and serrated............................................................. T. gloveri ( Ashmead, 1879)

- Dorsal idiosomal setae at least narrowly lanceolate and longer: setae f1 as long as 1/2 distance f1-h1, or longer; bothridial setae simple and smooth, short or long........................................................................ 14

14. Bothridial setae ( bo) short: subequal in length with dorsal idiosomal setae; solenidion ωI as long as 2/3 of width of tarsus I; claws ( ol) visibly serrated ventrally................................................. .. T. rhusi Ueckermann, 1988

- Bothridial setae ( bo) long: longer than dorsal idiosomal setae; solenidion ωI short: no more than 1/2 of width of tarsus I; claws ( ol) apparently nude.................................................................................. 15

15. Dorsal idiosomal setae of moderate length ( f1 as long as 1/2 distance f1-h1) and sparsely serrated, with no more than twelve teeth in one longitudinal row; bothridial setae ( bo) nude; solenidion ωI as long as 1/2 of width of tarsus I................................................................................................. T. kochi Oudemans, 1928

- Dorsal idiosomal setae long ( f1 longer than 1/2 of distance f1-h1) and more heavily serrated, with about twenty or more teeth in one longitudinal row; bothridial setae ( bo) “rough” or simply serrate; solenidion ωI shorter than 1/2 of width of tarsus I... 16

16. Setae ps1 less than half length of setae f and h.................. T. shabestariensis Akbari, Haddad & Kaźmierski, 2015

- Setae ps1 of similar length as setae f and h................................................................. 1 7

17. Gnathosoma almost hidden under aspidosoma and only its very distal part visible from above; ventral striae between setae mtβ form “U”-shaped pattern; bothridial setae ( bo) “rough” only................................. T. inclutus Livshitz, 1973

- Gnathosoma strongly protrudes before anterior projection of aspidosoma; ventral striae between setae mtβ form narrow “V”- pattern; bothridial setae ( bo) serrated............................................... T. mississipiensis Baker, 1970

18. Body exceptionally elongated: ratio of length to width of idiosoma 2:1......................................... 19

- Body broader........................................................................................ 20

19. Bothridial setae ( bo) slightly serrate; palptarsus short (12)...................... T. praeditus Livshitz & Zapletina, 1972

- Bothridial setae ( bo) smooth; palptarsus long (32)................. .. T. kabutarahangensis Khanjani & Ueckermann, 2003

20. Dorsal idiosomal setae strongly haired ( plumose ) and relatively long: setae h about as long as 1/2 length of bothridial setae ( bo)...............................................................................................21

- Dorsal idiosomal setae lanceolate, serrate and relatively short: setae h distinctly shorter than 1/2 length of bothridial setae ( bo)...................................................................................................22

21. Striation type “ Tydeus ”; bothridial setae ( bo) stout and stiff; ventral edge of claws ( ol) not corrugated (nude)................................................................................................ T. plumosus Karg, 1975

- Striation subtype “ Paralorryia - incerta”; bothridial ( bo) setae with flabby distal part; claws with strongly corrugated ventral edges...................................................................... T. bohemiensis Kaźmierski, 1989

22. Setae f1 as long as 1/3 of distance f1-h1; six pairs of genital setae; coxae with clearly visible subcuticular reticulations, which form a special kind of reticulation........................................................................23

- Setae f1 slightly longer than 1/2 of distance f1-h1; four pairs of genital setae; coxal reticulation absent............................................................................................ T. helenipanoue Kaźmierski, 1998

23. Bothridial setae (bo) smooth; setae f1 three times shorter than distance f1–h1.............. T. reticoxus Ueckermann, 1988

- Bothridial (bo) setae slightly serrate; dorsal setae relatively longer; setae f1 only two times shorter than distance f1–h1. T. martae Kaźmierski, 2013

24. Palptarsus short: ratio of length to width 3:1; cheliceral stilettos longer than palptarsus (setae e1, f1, f2, h1,h2 and ps1 spatulate-clavate)....................................................................... T. dignus Livshitz, 1973

- Palptarsus more elongated; cheliceral stilettos at least as long as palptarsus or shorter (setae e1 not spatulate-clavate)......25

25. Dorsal idiosomal setae narrowly lanceolate and pointed, excepting setae h1, h2 and ps1, which are broadened distally, without sharp tips, being spatulate clavate or simply spatulate........................................................ 26

- More than three pairs of dorsal idiosomal setae spatulate.....................................................28

26. Setae on genu II and III serrated.................................................... T. nieuwkerkeni André, 2005

- Setae on genu II and III nude........................................................................... 27

27. Spatulate setae strongly broadened on distal 1/3, rounded distally (subtype spatulate s. str.).......... T. goetzi Schruft, 1972

- Spatulate setae moderately broadened from at least 1/2 of length, narrowed distally, but not tapered (subtype spatulate-clavate)................................................................................ T. caudatus ( Dugés, 1834)

28. Setae c2 slender, or narrowly lanceolate, tapering distally..................................................... 29

- Setae c2 spatulate.................................................................................... 38

29. Ventral striae between metasternal setae longitudinal; dorsal idiosomal setae moderately long or long: f1 at least longer than 1/ 2 of distance f1-h1.................................................................................... 30

- Ventral striae between metasternal setae transverse or form an obtuse “V” pattern; dorsal body setae short: f1 as long as 1/3 of distance f1-h1....................................................................................... 37

30. Only setae f2, h1, h2 and ps1 spatulate.................................................................... 31

- Besides setae f2, h1, h2 and ps1, some other dorsal setae spatulate ( f1, or f1 and e1)................................ 32

31. Spatulate setae strongly broadened in distal third, rounded distally (subtype spatulate s. str.).......... T. lambi Baker, 1970

- Spatulate setae moderately broadened from very bases to about 3/4 of length, narrowed distally, but not pointed (narrowly spatulate-clavate)............................................................ T. grabouwi Meyer & Ryke, 1959

32. Setae e1 spatulate (subtype spatulate-clavate)....................................... T. calabrus ( Castagnoli, 1984)

- Setae e1 narrowly lanceolate, not spatulate................................................................. 33

33. Dorsal idiosomal setae long: setae f1 reach bases of setae h1, bothridial setae ( bo) as long as other dorsal setae; between setae d1 dorsal striae arranged in narrow “U”; solenidion ωI slightly longer than 1/2 of width of tarsus I; dorsal setae on genu III, tibia III and IV slender, sharp........................................... T. momeni Khanjani & Ueckermann, 2003

- Dorsal idiosomal setae of medium length: setae f1 do not reach bases of h1, bothridial setae ( bo) slightly longer than other dorsal setae; between setae d1 dorsal striae arranged in obtuse “U”; solenidion ωI about 1/3 as long as width of tarsus I...... 34

34. Dorsal setae on genu III, tibia III and IV stout, blunt................................... T. californicus ( Banks, 1904)

- Dorsal setae on genu III, tibia III and IV simple............................................................. 35

35. Five pairs of opisthosomal lanceolate setae, transverse striation pattern even between setae f1 present; striae between setae ro slightly separated narrower near setae ro........................................... T. spathulatus Oudemans, 1928

- Five pairs of opisthosomal lanceolate setae or clavate setae; transverse striation pattern even between setae f1 absent; striae between setae ro largely separated but narrower near setae ro.................................................. 36

36. Prodorsal seta ro slightly curved and serrated; species with circular striations at base of adanal and opisthosomal clavate setae, transverse striation between setae f1................................................. T. mvurwiensis André, 2010

- Prodorsal seta ro straighter and smooth; species with no such striations, sagittal striations between setae f1.............................................................................................. T. meshkinensis André, 2010

37. Ventral striae between metasternal setae form an obtuse “V” pattern; dorsal body setae stout and tapering distally with exception of f2, h1, h2 and ps1, which are spatulate-clavate; bothridial ( bo) setae “rough”, short (only slightly longer than other dorsal setae), stout, blunt, slightly enlarged terminally; six pairs of genital setae ( ge)................ T. africanus Baker, 1970

- Ventral striae between metasternal setae transverse; dorsal setae ro, la, ex and c2 lanceolate, taper to a point distally; other dorsal setae (eight pairs) spatulate-clavate; bothridial setae ( bo) nude, long (distinctly longer than other dorsal setae), relatively slender and not enlarged terminally; four pairs of genital setae ( ge).................... T. munsteri Meyer & Ryke, 1959

38. No setae spatulate in addition to spatulate setae c2, f2, h1, h2 and ps1; stout and blunt bothridial setae ( bo) shorter than other dorsal setae............................................................. T. spathatus Meyer & Rodrigues, 1966

- At least setae f1 spatulate in addition to spatulate setae c2, f2, h1, h2 and ps1 (i.e more than five pairs of spatulate setae); bothridial setae ( bo) not so stout, longer than other dorsal setae.................................................... 39

39. Dorsal idiosomal setae short: setae f1 about as long as 1/4 of distance f1-h1; setae ro, la, c1 and d1 slender, very slightly lanceolate; setae ex broadly lanceolate, other dorsal setae spatulate-clavate; solenidion ωI longer than 1/2 width of tarsus I...................................................................................... T. taiwanensis Baker, 1970

- Dorsal idiosomal setae moderately long: setae f1 distinctly longer than 1/2 of distance f1-h1; spatulate setae in another combination; solenidion ωI not longer than 1/2 of width of tarsus I.................................................. 40

40. Setae ro, la, ex, c1, d1 and e1 slender, pilose; setae c2, f1, f2, h1, h2 and ps1 spatulate, strongly broadened on distal third, but tapering at tips; bothridial setae ( bo) slightly longer than other dorsal setae; solenidion ωI as long as 1/2 width of tarsus I.................................................................................. T. bkaasifrini ( Bayan, 1986)

- Only setae ro and la slender, tapering distally: remaining setae spatulate-clavate; bothridial setae ( bo) as long as dorsal idiosomal setae; solenidion ωI shorter than 1/2 of width of tarsus I................................ T. chilensis Baker, 1970

41. Dorsal idiosomal setae smooth, lanceolate, similar in type; palptarsus eupathidium (p’ζ) rod-like, without goblet-shape or “T”- shape tip........................................................................... T. lolitae ( Baker, 1965)

- Dorsal idiosomal setae serrate and of varied type: “caudal” setae spatulate, other setae narrowly lanceolate; eupathidium (p’ζ) narrowed distally, but with goblet-shape or “T”-shape tip.....................................................42

42. Opisthosomal setae spatulate........................................................................... 43

- Opisthosomal setae slightly serrated, not spatulate................................ T. manoi Silva, Rocha & Ferla 2014

43. Setae e1, f1, f2, h1, h2 and ps1 spatulate; empodial hooks absent; seta d on palptarsus simple; palptarsus eupathidium (p’ζ)