Heriades, Spinola, 1808

Key to species of Heriades View in CoL for the Neotropical region of Mexico and Central America

Males

1 Posterior margin of S1 on ventral view truncate medially ( Fig. 2E, J, K, L View FIGURE 2 ), (with two small, triangular sublateral projections for H. nora sp. nov. ( Fig. 2M View FIGURE 2 ), or medially with broad emargination forming two lobes ( Fig. 2A, D, G View FIGURE 2 ). (Sometimes the morphological posterior margin is hidden by a large transversal process)......................................... 2

- Posterior margin of S1 on ventral view medially produced to a rounded or pointed apex ( Fig. 2C, F, H, I, N View FIGURE 2 ), sometimes produced with minute emargination at apex ( Fig. 2B, O View FIGURE 2 )...................................................... 9

2 (1) S 1 in profile with strong ventral process ( Fig. 2A, D, G, J, M View FIGURE 2 )................................................. 3

- S 1 in profile with rounded low angle ( Fig. 2E, K, L View FIGURE 2 )......................................................... 7

3 (2) S2 and S3 with long, white, plumose hairs; apex of S5 with posterior margin wavy and with two small tufts of capitate hairs directed laterally, on posterior-lateral angles ( Fig. 27E View FIGURE 27 ); apex of S6 with a single central tuft of hooked hairs, increasing its length outwards ( Fig. 27F View FIGURE 27 )........................................................... Heriades nora sp. nov.

- S2 and S3 bare, without long, white, plumose hairs; apex of S5 with two rectangular lobes, subtriangular medially, one transverse line of capitate hairs increasing in length towards sides ( Fig. 7E View FIGURE 7 , 17E View FIGURE 17 , 25E View FIGURE 25 , 31E View FIGURE 31 ); apex of S6 with two tufts ( Fig. 25F View FIGURE 25 , 30F View FIGURE 30 ) or a line of hairs ( Fig. 7F View FIGURE 7 , 17F View FIGURE 17 )............................................................................ 4

4 (3) Process of S 1 in posterior view with one cusp, rounded, quadrate or slightly acute ( Fig. 2 View FIGURE 2 Ac, Gc, Jc)................... 5

- Process of S 1 in posterior view with two rounded cusps, divided by a soft small emargination ( Fig. 2D View FIGURE 2 )................................................................................................ Heriades briceida sp. nov.

5 (4) Flagellum brown dorsally and yellow ventrally ( Fig. 31A View FIGURE 31 ); pronotal lobe with white, thin, plumose pubescence as in rest of mesosoma; ocelli large, 2.5 times diameter of a puncture ( Fig. 31B View FIGURE 31 ); process on S 1 in posterior view with acute apex ( Fig. 2 View FIGURE 2 Gc).......................................................................... Heriades viridiana sp. nov.

- Flagellum light brown ( Fig. 17A View FIGURE 17 , 24A View FIGURE 24 ); pronotal lobe with patch of distinctly thick, yellow, or white plumose hairs contrasting with the rest of mesosoma; ocelli small, 1.5 times diameter of a puncture ( Fig. 17B, D View FIGURE 17 , 24B, D View FIGURE 24 ); process on S 1 in posterior view with subquadrangular apex ( Fig. 2 View FIGURE 2 Ac, Jc).................................................................. 6

6 (5) Outer surface of mandible with two strong tubercles, increasing in size from base to apex and abruptly truncate in middle of mandible; clypeus with yellowish plumose hairs, in profile forming a positive diagonal ( Fig. 17A View FIGURE 17 ); apex of gonostylus subquadrangular with preapical, long, plumose hairs ( Fig. 17G, H View FIGURE 17 ); apical margin of S6 with transverse line of capitate hairs ( Fig. 17F View FIGURE 17 )...................................................................... Heriades danuncia sp. nov.

- Outer surface of mandible smooth, without tubercles; clypeus with white plumose hairs, in profile without a clear pattern ( Fig. 25A View FIGURE 25 ); gonostylus rounded without hairs ( Fig. 25G, H View FIGURE 25 ); S6 with two tufts of hooked hairs directed anteriorly ( Fig. 25F View FIGURE 25 )......................................................................................... Heriades micheneri View in CoL

7 (2) Large-sized bees (7.2–7.7 mm); Head and mesosoma with plumose, thin, long, white, scattered hairs, evenly distributed on its entire surface ( Fig. 33B View FIGURE 33 ); S5 with two tufts of capitate hairs directed medially ( Fig. 33E View FIGURE 33 ); S6 with two subapical, dense tufts of simple hairs directed downward ( Fig. 33F View FIGURE 33 ); restricted to Mexico ( Fig. 32 View FIGURE 32 )................... Heriades vulcanica sp. nov.

- Small-sized bees (4.2–6 mm); Head and mesosoma with plumose, thin, short, white hairs, densely distributed in tufts, and frons, scutum and mesepisternum with large disc areas with simple, very short hairs on each puncture ( Fig. 15B View FIGURE 15 , 23B View FIGURE 23 ); posterior margin of S5 with one line of scattered, capitate hairs and simple hairs medially ( Fig. 15E View FIGURE 15 ), or two lines of dense, capitate hairs ( Fig. 23E View FIGURE 23 ); posterior margin of S6 with one line of capitated hairs ( Fig. 15F View FIGURE 15 ) or two spikes ( Fig. 23F View FIGURE 23 ).................. 8

8 (7) Clypeus, frons and paraocular area with golden, plumose hairs ( Fig. 23A View FIGURE 23 ); interantennal distance 1.6 times antennocular distance; posterior margin of S5 with two dense lines of capitate hairs ( Fig. 23E View FIGURE 23 ); posterior margin of S6 with two subapical, long, thin spikes enlarged at base and quadrate al tip ( Fig. 23F View FIGURE 23 ); restricted to Costa Rica ( Fig. 22 View FIGURE 22 )........... Heriades mariana sp. nov.

- Clypeus, frons and paraocular area with white, plumose hairs ( Fig. 23A View FIGURE 23 ); interantennal distance 1.8 times antennocular distance; posterior margin of S5 with one line of capitate hairs ( Fig. 15E View FIGURE 15 ); posterior margin of S6 with one preapical line of capitate hairs ( Fig. 15f View FIGURE 15 ).............................................................................. Heriades currani View in CoL

9 (1) Pedicel and scape yellowish ( Fig. 11A View FIGURE 11 )................................................. Heriades cristina sp. nov.

- Pedicel and scape black............................................................................... 10

10 (9) Posterior margin of S5 with simple hairs medially ( Fig. 9E View FIGURE 9 ); apical terga on metasoma with orange pubescence ( Fig. 9B View FIGURE 9 )......................................................................................... Heriades bruneri View in CoL

- Posterior margin of S5 with capitate hairs medially ( Fig. 5E View FIGURE 5 , 13E View FIGURE 13 , 19E View FIGURE 19 , 21E View FIGURE 21 , 29E View FIGURE 29 ); apical terga on metasoma with white pubescence......................................................................................... 11

11 (10) Posterior margin of S1 with minute emargination ( Fig. 2 View FIGURE 2 Bb, Ob)............................................... 12

- Posterior margin of S1 entire, without minute emargination ( Fig. 2 View FIGURE 2 Fb, Hb, Nb)................................... 13

12 (11) Apical margin of clypeus entire, without emargination; apex of S6 with two tufts of short, simple hairs ( Fig. 13F View FIGURE 13 ); S6 with acute apex ( Fig. 13F View FIGURE 13 )......................................................................... Heriades crucifera View in CoL

- Apical margin of clypeus with emargination; apex of S6 with two tufts of 3 to 4 thick, long hairs resembling a spike ( Fig. 5F View FIGURE 5 ); S6 with rounded apex ( Fig. 5F View FIGURE 5 )...................................................... Heriades amanda sp. nov.

13 (10) Clypeus with plumose, white hairs on its entire surface or at least dense on inferior half; posterior margin of S5 without projections, with two tufts of capitate hairs directed medially, of different lengths ( Fig. 18E View FIGURE 18 , 28E View FIGURE 28 ).................... 14

- Clypeus with plumose hairs seemly absent; posterior margin of S5 with two small, sub quadrangular projections, with few short, capitate hairs on top ( Fig. 21E View FIGURE 21 ).................................................... Heriades luisa sp. nov.

14 (13) Clypeus with white, plumose hairs on apical half; S 1 in profile, with ventral angle more than one third of distance from apex to base ( Fig. 2F View FIGURE 2 )........................................................................... Heriades leavitti View in CoL

- Clypeus with white, plumose hairs on its entire surface; S 1 in profile, with ventral angle one third or less of distance from apex to base ( Fig. 2H View FIGURE 2 )......................................................................... Heriades texana View in CoL

Females

1 Outer surface of mandible with one or more tubercles, or a strong elevation at base of outer and/or condylar ridge........ 2

- Outer surface of mandible without tubercle or any noticeable elevation at base of outer and condylar ridge (except in a few specimens of H. bruneri View in CoL , they can be identified by small elevation on outer ridge and orangish hairs on posterior terga).... 6

2 (1) Posterior edge of malar area with large, strong, subtriangular angle, similar-sized to condyle ( Fig. 13C View FIGURE 13 , 29C View FIGURE 29 ); distance from posterior ocellus to preoccipital ridge large (2.50–3.35 times LO) ( Fig. 13D View FIGURE 13 , 29D View FIGURE 29 ); punctures on T3 medium-sized or large (~0.66 DOP of scutum)................................................................................ 3

- Posterior edge of malar area without large, strong subtriangular angle ( Fig. 15C View FIGURE 15 , 23C View FIGURE 23 , 33C View FIGURE 33 ); distance from posterior ocellus to preoccipital ridge short (1.25 times LO) ( Fig. 15D View FIGURE 15 , 23D View FIGURE 23 , 33D View FIGURE 33 ); punctures on T3 small and sparse (0.40–0.45 times DOP of scutum)............................................................................................ 4

3 (2) Ventral margin of mandible with well-defined angle ( Fig. 29C View FIGURE 29 arrow); outer surface of mandible without notorious tubercle, the angle is joining point at base of outer and condylar ridges......................................... Heriades texana View in CoL

- Ventral margin of mandible straight without angle ( Fig. 13C View FIGURE 13 ); outer surface of mandible with notorious semicircular tubercle at base of outer and condylar ridges, from base of mandible to interior margin........................ Heriades crucifera View in CoL

4 (2) Outer surface of mandible with notorious tubercle at base of condylar ridge, and a low Y-like tubercle at base of outer ridge; interior margin of mandible with tooth-like elevation; apical margin of clypeus with two medium-sized to prominent tubercles................................................................................ Heriades currani View in CoL

- Outer surface of mandible with one notorious tubercle at base condylar ridge and outer ridge; interior margin of mandible with carina (without tooth-like elevation); apical margin of clypeus with five or more small tubercles, sometimes as irregular crenulations......................................................................................... 5

5 (4) Apical margin of clypeus with emargination; hairs on posterior terga yellowish to orange ( Fig. 33D View FIGURE 33 )... H. vulcanica sp. nov.

- Apical margin of clypeus straight, without emargination; hairs on posterior terga white ( Fig. 23D View FIGURE 23 )... Heriades mariana sp. nov.

6 (1) Punctures on T3 small (0.33–0.40 DOP as on scutum [except on H. luisa sp. nov.: 0.60 DOP as on scutum, which punctures are small) ( Fig. 3K View FIGURE 3 )...................................................................................... 7

- Punctures on T3 medium-sized or large (~1 DOP as on scutum) ( Fig. 3J View FIGURE 3 )......................................... 9

7 (6) Apical margin of clypeus with two prominent or small tubercles on frontal view ( Fig. 9C View FIGURE 9 ); pubescence on posterior terga orangish ( Fig. 9D View FIGURE 9 )....................................................................... Heriades bruneri View in CoL

- Apical margin of clypeus with five or more small tubercles on frontal view ( Fig. 5C View FIGURE 5 ); pubescence on posterior terga white ( Fig. 5D View FIGURE 5 , 20D View FIGURE 20 )............................................................................................ 8

8 (7) Frons with hooked, bright, golden hairs; punctures on base of clypeus large (~0.33 times OD) ( Fig. 5C View FIGURE 5 ); punctures on scutum medium-sized (0.38 times OD) ( Fig. 3E View FIGURE 3 ); metepisternum with few plumose, white, erected, thin hairs and disc with tuft of plumose, bright white, short hairs ( Fig. 3D View FIGURE 3 )............................................ Heriades amanda sp. nov.

- Frons with simple, white hairs; punctures on base of clypeus small (~0.25 times OD) ( Fig. 21C View FIGURE 21 ); punctures on scutum small (~0.20 times OD) ( Fig. 3D View FIGURE 3 ); metepisternum with few plumose, white, erected, thin hairs without tuft ( Fig. 21D View FIGURE 21 )........................................................................................... Heriades luisa sp. nov.

9 (6) Apical margin of clypeus with two prominent tubercles ( Fig. 11C View FIGURE 11 , 19C View FIGURE 19 ); apical terga fasciae with rows of thin, white hairs ( Fig. 3L View FIGURE 3 )............................................................................................... 10

- Apical margin of clypeus with five or more small tubercles ( Fig. 17C View FIGURE 17 ); apical terga fasciae with a tidy row of thick, white hairs ( Fig. 3J View FIGURE 3 )........................................................................................... 11

10 (9) Frons in front of ocelli with small punctures (0.05 mm) and on T3 medium-sized (0.19 times OD); surface of T3 dull; wings usually dusky............................................................................ Heriades leavitti View in CoL

- Frons in front of ocelli and T3 with large punctures (0.06 mm, 0.30 times OD); surface of T3 bright; wings clear......................................................................................... Heriades cristina sp. nov.

11 (9) Base of propodeum with large pits (~ 0.07 mm) ( Fig. 3I View FIGURE 3 ); punctures on posterior surface of propodeum abundant reaching superior edge or carina............................................................... Heriades nora sp. nov.

- Base of propodeum with small to middle pits (~ 0.04 mm) ( Fig. 3G, H View FIGURE 3 ); punctures on posterior surface of propodeum scarce on superior edge or carina............................................................................... 12

12 (11) Punctures on frons in front of ocelli and vertex large (0.7–0.9 times OD); middle ocelli smaller than laterals; dorsolateral angles of pronotum with rounded tuft of plumose, orangish to white-yellowish, thick hairs ( Fig. 25D View FIGURE 25 , 17D View FIGURE 17 ); punctures on T3 large (~0.5 times OD)..................................................................................... 13

- Punctures on frons in front of ocelli and vertex medium-sized (0.2–0.4 times OD); middle ocelli as large as laterals; dorsolateral angles of pronotum with few plumose, white, thin hairs joining hairs on pronotum but not forming a rounded tuft ( Fig. 7D View FIGURE 7 , 31D View FIGURE 31 ); punctures on T3 medium-sized (~0.4 times OD)...................................................... 14

13 (12) Scape thin, 3.1 times longer than wide ( Fig. 25C View FIGURE 25 ); punctures on mesepisternum medium-sized (0.4 times OD) and slightly sparse (0.3 times DOP)................................................................. Heriades micheneri View in CoL

- Scape thick, 2.7 times longer than wide ( Fig. 17C View FIGURE 17 ); punctures on mesepisternum large (0.6 times OD) and dense (0.2 times DOP)......................................................................... Heriades danuncia sp. nov.

14 (12) Apical margin of clypeus with tubercles in the middle; ocelli medium-sized ( Fig. 3B View FIGURE 3 ); punctures on scutum medium-sized (0.4 times OD) ( Fig. 3E View FIGURE 3 ).............................................................. Heriades briceida sp. nov.

- Apical margin of clypeus without tubercles in the middle; ocelli large ( Fig. 3C View FIGURE 3 ); punctures on scutum large (0.5 times OD) ( Fig. 3F View FIGURE 3 )........................................................................... Heriades viridiana sp. nov.