Phengodidae, LeConte, 1861

Identification key to the subfamilies of Phengodidae View in CoL based on adult males

1. Antennae without rami.................................................................................................................................................... Penicillophorinae

1 ʹ. Antennae with rami present on at least antennomeres IV–IX...............................................................................................................2

2. Gular sutures sinuous and widely separated (by about the mentum width); posterior tentorial pits widely separated (by distance greater than the pit diameter); prosternum moderately transverse, 1.3–1.5 times wider than long medially, in front of coxae ≥0.5 times width of procoxal cavity ............................................................................................................................................3

2 ʹ. Gular sutures fused or subparallel and closely approximate (separated by less than half of the mentum width); posterior tentorial pits fused or closely approximate (separated by distance close to or shorter than the pit diameter); prosternum extremely transverse, 2.5–3.0 times wider than long medially, in front of coxae ≤0.3 times width of procoxal cavity.................... ............................................................................................................................................................................................................................4

3. Aedeagal median lobe straight, divided into dorsal and ventral lobes, flagellum absent; paramere gradually narrowed towards apex in lateral view, curved and subparallel-sided in dorsal view; western Asia .............................................................. Cydistinae

3 ʹ. Aedeagal median lobe extremely bent, flagellum present; paramere subparallel-sided in lateral view, straight and widest at mid-length in dorsal view; southern USA to Costa Rica. Cenophenginae subfam. nov.

4. Tubercles surrounding antennal sockets present; apical maxillary palpomere acuminate or subcylindrical; elytra slightly to strongly dehiscent..................................................................................................................................................................... Phengodinae

4 ʹ. Tubercles surrounding antennal sockets absent (except for Paraphrixothrix Zaragoza-Caballero, 2010); apical maxillary palpomere elongate-securiform to securiform (widest apically); elytra subparallel, not dehiscent ................... Mastinocerinae