Rhinella mirandaribeiroi

R. mirandaribeiroi View in CoL vs. R. granulosa

Morphometrics and Morphology

Both species share the following morphological features: 1) granular or continuous cranial crests; 2) low supraorbital crest; 3) infraorbital extending usually beyond the postorbital crest; 4) typically reduced and discontinuous maxillary crest; 5) absent parietal crest; 6) visible loreal region in dorsal view; and 7) light cream or yellowish ventral coloration with or without pigmentation. However, a clear dorsal vertebral line is present in 95% of the individuals from the Cerrado ( R. mirandaribeiroi ) and only in 5% from the Caatinga and Mata Atlântica ( R. granulosa ) ( Figure 1 View FIGURE 1 , 2 View FIGURE 2 ). Overall, the morphometric variables were similar between the two species ( Table 3 View TABLE 3 ).

Molecular Analyses

Both species showed expressive genetic divergences (3.8–6.1%) in the mitochondrial fragment. The intraspecific genetic distance was on average 0.09 for R. mirandaribeiroi and 0.06 for R. granulosa .

Acoustics

We found conserved call parameter features between the two species. The advertisement call of R. granulosa consists of a sequence of approximately 170 notes and lasts about 5 seconds, emitted at a rate of 5 calls per minute with 32 notes per second. The notes had a duration of approximately 22 ms and with 4 to 5 pulses per note. The dominant frequency is around 2700 Hz. The calls reach maximum amplitude quickly and remain constant until the end ( Figure 6 View FIGURE 6 ). Further details can be found in Table 4 View TABLE 4 . Our results are consistent with the published analysis of these data (Giarretta et al. 2018).