Anthurium atrovinosum Temponi, Hammes & Nadruz, 2020

Anthurium atrovinosum Temponi, Hammes & Nadruz , sp. nov. ( Figs. 1 A–D View FIGURE 1 , 2 View FIGURE 2 )

In Anthurium atrovinosum the stem and the leaf blade (coriaceus) are erect, the secondary veins are engraved to strongly engraved adaxially. The spadix and immature berries are vinaceous and the peduncle/petiole ratio is (0.3–0.5) 0.8–2.1. This species is morphologically similar to A. caparoense Temponi, Camelo & Nadruz in Camelo et al. (2018b: 122) but the latter species differs by its green spadix at anthesis. Anthurium atrovinosum is also similar to A. cipoense Temponi in Temponi & Coelho (2011: 316), which has entire and persistent cataphylls, green fruits, larger peduncle/ petiole ratio (1,4) and fewer primary lateral veins (7–9) per side. Anthurium atrovinosum may also be confused with A. megapetiolatum Gonçalves (2001: 6) but this species has a reptant stem, with only the apex erect; it is also similar to A. narae Nadruz, Camelo & Temponi in Camelo et al. (2018a: 82) but the latter has a larger chartaceous leaf blade (33.5–60.0 long × 15.0– 17.5 cm wide). Some individuals may also be somewhat similar to Anthurium brigadeiroense , here described, but the latter differs in its smaller peduncle/petiole ratio 0.2 (0.4–0.7), green berries, chartaceous leaf blade.

Type:— BRAZIL. Minas Gerais: Araponga, Parque Estadual da Serra do Brigadeiro, Pico do Boné , 02 july 2019, fl., J.K. Hammes et al. 225 (holotype RB! , isotypes K! , MO! ).

Terrestrial. Stem erect, sometimes red internally in cross section; internodes 0.9–1.5 cm long. Cataphyll and prophyll brown, marcescent at base and entire at apex. Petiole green with vinaceous shading usually at base, abaxially obtuse to obtuse with a slight keel, adaxially sulcate with obtuse angles to slightly sulcate with acute margins, 12.0–45.0 cm long, geniculum 0.2–0.5 cm long. Leaf blade green, discolorous to slightly discolorous, erect to slightly patent, chartaceous, elliptic, 13.5–29.5 × 3.7–9.0 cm, apex acute to apiculate, base acute, obtuse to truncate. Midrib green on both sides, obtuse to acute abaxially, obtuse to acute adaxially, prominent; primary lateral veins 10–16 per side; secondary veins adaxially engraved to strongly engraved; basal vein 1– (0) on each side; collective veins 0.3–1.5 cm distant from margin. Inflorescence: Peduncle green or green with vinaceous dots, or entirely vinaceous, terete to 1-ribbed, 10.0– 35.5 cm long. Spathe green to green with vinaceous dots externally and vinaceous internally, erect to patent at anthesis, reflexed post anthesis, 3.5–6.0 × 0.6–1.1 cm long, forming an acute angle at petiole/peduncle junction, sessile (not stipitate). Spadix vinaceous, cylindrical, 3.0–8.0 × 0.4–1.0 cm, pollen grains yellow, main spiral with 4–5 flowers; alternate spiral with 5–7 flowers, immature fruits and vinous berries, seeds-2.

Phenology: The species was found with flowers and young fruits in July and berries in February.

Eponymy: The epithet “atrovinosum ” refers to the color of the berry.

History and geographic distribution: The first collection of this species was made by J.K Hammes (Hammes 225) in 2019 and was deposited in the RB and UNOP herbaria. So far it has been found only in Serra do Brigadeiro State Park, on the “Pico do Boné” and “Matipó” trails, which occur in the municipalities of Araponga and Fervedouro, at elevations ranging from 1450 to 1720 ( Figure 3 View FIGURE 3 ).

Habitat and ecology: Anthurium atrovinosum has a terrestrial habit and can be found in Upper Montane Seasonal Forest, in shaded sites within the forest, and in montane grasslands (campos de altitude). It occurs in small populations, distributed in groups of 3–4 individuals. According to the IUCN criteria, it is considered, so far, as Critical Endangered (CR) due to its extension of occurrence (EOO) of 5,000 km ² and also because it is endemic to the PESB with occupancy area (AOO) ca. 11,000 km ².

Additional specimens examined (paratypes):— BRAZIL. Minas Gerais. Parque Estadual da Serra do Brigadeiro , Fervedouro, Trilha Pedra do Pato , 12 Feb 2020, fl., fr., J.K. Hammes et al. 244 ( UNOP!). Pedra Bonita, Trilha Matipó , 4 Aug. 2019, fl., J.K. Hammes et al. 230 ( UNOP!, SPF!) ; 4 Aug. 2019, fl., fr., J.K. Hammes et al. 232 ( UNOP!, BHCB!, HRCB!) .

Notes: This species belongs to Anthurium sect. Urospadix subsect. Insculptinervia , which is characterized by its erect leaf, chartaceous leaf blade and adaxially strongly engraved secondary veins and vinaceous berries; it can be differentiated from other species in this section by the characteristics shown in identification key.