Bonnetina

Bonnetina View in CoL ‘Colima’ – Ortiz & Francke, 2016: figs 1–7.

Types (n = 2): Holotype. ♂ a ( CNAN-T1057 ex-4068A). MEXICO: Colima State: Colima municipality: 11 km south-east of Colima (Federal Road 110, Colima-Pihuamo): 19.1758°, –103.6556°: 500 masl. 30/ XI/2012. David Ortiz, Emmanuel Goyer and Eddy Hijmensen , cols. Crossing the road at 17:00 h, in a habitat of scrubland . Allotype. ♀ ( CNAN-T1058 ex-4068B): same data as holotype, except microhabitat. Under a stone. Moulted in captivity in December 2013 .

Etymology: The specific name is a noun in apposition that means ‘scrubland’ in Nahuatl, the most spoken indigenous language in the state of Colima. It makes reference to the type of vegetation that occurs in the type locality of the species.

Diagnosis: Morphology. Males differ from those of most Bonnetina species by having distinct but poorly developed tibiae I accessory apophysis, not geniculate pedipalpal bulbs, and long and sub-conical bulbal embolus, lacking PSA keel. They differ from males of B. cyaneifemur and B. minax , by the much weaker development of the accessory apophysis, from B. cyaneifemur , by having the appendages covered by rather uniformly dark grey pilosity, instead of copper to pink, and additionally, from all three B. tenuiverpis , B. minax and B. cyaneifemur , by its pedipalpal bulb shape. Females differ from most species by having nipple-shaped spermatheca. They differ from females of B. minax by having the carapace covered by moderately dense red copper pubescence, instead of very dense bright copper, from B. hijmenseni , by lacking very distinct patellae stripes, and from both B. minax and B. hijmenseni , by the smaller size. DNA. Diagnostic COI nucleotides (5): 189 (C), 358 (T), 498 (T), 546 (C), 591 (C).). COI p -distances to other species above 7%; intra-specific distances less than 2% (Appendices S1, S5).

Species delimitation methods: Integrative ( Ortiz & Francke, 2016); this study: morphology, HG barcoding and PTP.

Description

Male holotype: Some quantitative characters are given in Table 3. Colour and pubescence. Carapace covered by dense copper pubescence, which masks partially the black integument ( Fig. 9A). Femora black, with blue iridescent tonalities. Rest of leg and pedipalpal segments rather uniformly dark grey. Patellae longitudinal stripes poorly marked, medium brown. Prosoma. Caput moderately elevated and fovea deep and slightly recurved. Posterior area of carapace bears numerous moderately thick setae. Eight eyes disposed in two rows on markedly elevated tubercle; anterior eye row procurved; posterior row, straight. Ocular mask absent. Ocular quadrangle width, 1.52; length, 0.84. Clypeus width, 0.30. AME circular, diameter, 0.30; ALE elliptical, greater diameter, 0.32; PME ovoid, greater diameter, 0.44; PLE elliptical, greater diameter, 0.34. Sternum ( Fig. 16A) slightly convex to its centre, covered uniformly by erect thick hairs and other hairs much smaller; with three pairs of sigillae, placed opposite to coxae I, II and III. Labium sub-trapezoidal; middle length, 1.26; anterior width, 1.16; posterior width, 2.00. Appendage segment lengths. Palp : femur, 5.2; patella, 3.4; tibia, 4.3; Total , 12.9. Leg I: femur, 7.2; patella, 4.1; tibia, 5.2; metatarsus, 4.3; tarsus, 3.2; Total , 24.0. Leg II: femur, 6.9; patella, 4.4; tibia, 5.0; metatarsus, 4.5; tarsus, 3.3; Total , 24.1. Leg III: femur, 6.0; patella, 3.9; tibia, 4.0; metatarsus, 5.4; tarsus, 3.6; Total , 22.9. Leg IV: femur, 7.8; patella, 4.6; tibia, 6.3; metatarsus, 8.0; tarsus, 4.3; Total , 31.0. Leg IV > II > I> III. Appendage spination. Pedipalp : femur p0-0-1; tibia p0-2-0. Leg I: femur p0-0-2; tibia p0-1-1 v1-0-2; metatarsus v0-0-1. Leg II: femur p0-0-1; tibia p1-0-1 v1-1-4; metatarsus v6-0-1. Leg III: femur p0-0-1 r0-0-1; tibia p1-1-0 r0-1-0 v1-2-2; metatarsus p1-1-1 r0-1-1 v2-2-3. Leg IV: femur r0-0-1; tibia r1-0-1 v1-2-2; metatarsus p0-1-1 r0-1-1 v0-3-3. Spine cluster in ventral base of metatarsus II present. Appendage setation. Femora of pedipalps and legs I and II prolaterally covered by a pad of simple and ciliated hairs. Femora IV retrolateral zone covered by a pad of ciliated hairs. Pedipalpal trochanters prolateral surface with thin simple hairs. Metatarsal scopulae. On legs I, full, except by basal-most region of the segment; on legs II, apical 3/4; on legs III, apical 1/2; on legs IV, apical 1/3. Tarsal scopulae. On legs I and II, undivided, but with few dispersed non-adhesive thin hairs; on legs III, divided by a 2–3 hairs wide band of non-adhesive thick hairs; on legs IV, divided by a 3–5 hairs-wide band of very thick hairs. Claw tufts very dense on every leg. Abdominal urticating hairs. Type III, in dorsal heart-shaped patch, pointing backwards. Sexual features. Retrolateral face of palpal tibiae with prominent, apically inclined, conical nodule near the apex. Pedipalpal bulbs ( Fig. 16B–H). Embolus sub-conical, gradually thinning from base to apex, curved dorsally and retrolaterally, and twisted counterclockwise (from base to apex) to the point that in the apex, the ventral structures of the bulb become prolateral. PS, PI and SP keels present. PS is strongly developed, smooth and extends from the embolus base to almost its apex. PI keel is mostly serrated and it finishes between the SP keels and the PS keel. SP keels extending for about double the longitude from the bulb apex to the sperm pore; they are folded onto each other on their apical half. The sperm pore is shaped by a rounded, prominent chitin structure. Bulbal heel well developed. Legs I Holding Organ. Tibiae I with three apophyses near the apex ( Fig. 16I, J). Prolateral and retrolateral apophyses originate from a common base. Prolateral apophysis conical, slightly bent prolaterally and bearing a megaspine on its internal border. Retrolateral apophysis chevron-shaped, weakly developed at its distal 1/3, not dorsally curved, lacking an internal mound and with an obtuse tip. Accessory apophysis poorly developed, but distinct, bearing four stout spines at its apex and one conical spine on the internal border. The moderately curved metatarsus I folds between prolateral and retrolateral apophyses. Metatarsi I with a patch of nine (22 right) granules on its basal ventro-retrolateral region; one granule (0 right) on basal ventro-prolateral region. Metatarsi I noticeably thin. GenBank accession numbers. COI: KP757194 View Materials . ITS1: KP757269, KP757300 . Preservation state. The specimen is in good condition, stored in a jar with 80% ethanol. Left pedipalpal bulb is in a plastic vial inside the jar. Right pedipalpal bulb is apart, coated with gold. Right leg III preserved in 96% ethanol at −20 °C for molecular studies .

Allotype female: Some quantitative characters are given in Table 3. Colour and pubescence. Carapace covered by moderately dense bright copper red pubescence, which masks partially the black integument ( Fig. 9B). Femora black, with bright blue tonalities. Rest of leg and pedipalpal segments rather uniformly very dark grey with some copper hairs. Patellae longitudinal stripes, dark copper, poorly marked. Prosoma. Caput moderately elevated and fovea deep and procurved. Posterior area of carapace bears a few thick erect setae. Eight eyes disposed in two rows on markedly elevated tubercle; anterior eye row procurved; posterior row, slightly recurved. Ocular mask absent. Ocular quadrangle width, 1.48; length, 0.82. Clypeus width, 0.38. AME circular, diameter, 0.32; ALE elliptical, greater diameter, 0.44; PME ovoid, greater diameter, 0.32; PLE elliptical, greater diameter, 0.38. Sternum slightly convex to its centre, covered uniformly by erect thick hairs and other hairs much smaller; with three pairs of sigillae, placed opposite to coxae I, II and III. Labium sub-trapezoidal; middle length, 1.38; anterior width, 1.17; posterior width, 2.27. Appendage segment lengths. Palp: femur, 4.8; patella, 3.6; tibia, 3.6; tarsus, 3.6; Total, 15.6. Leg I: femur, 6.6; patella, 4.5; tibia, 4.9; metatarsus, 3.8; tarsus, 2.9; Total, 22.7. Leg II: femur, 5.9; patella, 4.3; tibia, 4.1; metatarsus, 3.6; tarsus, 2.9; Total, 20.8. Leg III: femur, 5.2; patella, 3.9; tibia, 3.7; metatarsus, 4.1; tarsus, 3.2; Total, 20.1. Leg IV: femur, 6.8; patella, 4.3; tibia, 5.7; metatarsus, 6.4; tarsus, 3.9; Total, 27.1. Leg IV > I> II > III. Appendage spination. Pedipalp: femur p0-0-1; tibia v0-2-1. Leg I: femur p0-0-1; tibia p0-1-1 v1-0-2; metatarsus v0-0-1. Leg II: femur p0-0-1; tibia p0-1-1 v1-2-3; metatarsus v2-0-1. Leg III: femur r0-0- 1; tibia p0-1-1 r0-0-1 v0-2-2; metatarsus p1-1-2 r0-1-1 v0-1-3. Leg IV: femur r0-0-1; tibia r0-0-1 v1-2-2; metatarsus p0-1-1 r0-1-1 v1-3-4. Spine cluster in ventral base of metatarsus II absent. Appendage setation. Femora of pedipalps and legs I and II prolaterally covered by a pad of simple and ciliated hairs. Femora IV retrolateral zone covered by a pad of ciliated hairs. Pedipalpal trochanters prolateral surface with thick simple hairs. Metatarsal scopulae. On legs I, full, except by basal-most region of the segment; on legs II, apical 3/4; on legs III, apical 1/2; on legs IV, apical 1/3. Tarsal scopulae. On legs I and II, undivided, but with few dispersed non-adhesive thin hairs; on legs III, divided by a 1–2 hairs wide band of thin hairs; on legs IV, divided by a 3–5 hairs wide band of thick hairs. Claw tufts very dense on every leg. Abdominal urticating hairs. Type III, in dorsal heart-shaped patch, pointing backwards. Sexual features. Single nipple-shaped spermatheca ( Fig. 16K, L). It is moderately asymmetrical, as base is poorly sclerotized dorsally. GenBank accession number. COI: KP757234 View Materials . Preservation state. The specimen is in good condition, stored in a jar with 80% ethanol. Genital area is in a plastic vial inside the jar. Old right leg III is preserved in 96% ethanol at −20 °C for molecular studies (leg regenerated).

G e n e t i c d i v e r s i t y. C O I: I n t r a - s p e c i f i c v a r i a - tion = 0 ( Fig. 2; Appendix S1). ITS1: Intra-specific variation = 0.3%.

Distribution and natural history: Bonnetina malinalli is known from a single locality (500 masl) close to Colima city, in the Pacific Lowlands ( Fig. 1; Table 1). The area is in the vicinity of a poultry farm and is covered by disturbed deciduous shrub ( Fig. 4C) commonly used by cattle. The single known male was collected while it was crossing Federal Road 110 at 17:00 h on 30 November; the only female was found under a stone. The species is sympatric with the burrowing tarantula Brachypelma hamorii Tesmoingt, Cléton & Verdez, 1997 .