Bonnetina julesvernei, Ortiz & Francke, 2017

BONNETINA JULESVERNEI View in CoL SP. NOV.

( FIGS 1, 2, 4F, 9G–H, 19, 26A–C; TABLES 1, 3)

urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:E3821312-2DB3-4FEC-909D-4AD0B1A39289

Types (n = 3): Holotype. ♂ a ( CNAN-T1061 ). MEXICO: Guerrero State: La Unión de Isidoro Montes de Oca municipality: Pinzán bridge I (km 259 of Federal Road 37 D): 18.1895°, –101.9054°: 260 masl. 29/XI/2009. Emmanuel Goyer, Justin Coburn, Eddy Hijmensen and Boris F. Striffler, cols. Under a stone in tropical deciduous forest . Allotype. ♀ ( CNAN-T1062 ): same data as holotype . Paratype. ♂ a ( SMF). Guerrero State: La Unión de Isidoro Montes de Oca municipality: San Diego : 18.1660°, –101.9072°: 400 masl. 30/XI/2009. E. Goyer, J. Coburn, E. Hijmensen and B.F. Striffler, cols. Under a stone in tropical deciduous forest .

Etymology: The specific name is a patronym in honour of Jules Verne (1828–1905), a French writer who is considered by many as the Father of Science Fiction. His tens of novels on travel, discovery, invention and history have inspired millions of children and teenagers worldwide (including both authors of this study) with his thirst for knowledge and discovery.

Diagnosis: Morphology and natural history. Males differ from most Bonnetina males by having sub-rectangular bulbal embolus, only remarkably thinner at the apex, and by presenting an internal mound on the tibia I retrolateral apophysis. They differ from males of B. vittata by showing indistinct patellae longitudinal stripes and stout spines on the tibia I accessory apophysis, instead of very distinct stripes and conical spines, respectively. Females differ from those of most Bonnetina species by having mammiform spermatheca. They differ from those of B. papalutlensis (indistinct stripes) and B. vittata (very distinct stripes) by having poorly distinct patellae stripes. The species is only known to live close to the Pacific coast, on the left side (downstream perspective) of the Balsas River, whereas B. vittata is only known from the right side and B. papalutlensis is distributed in central and northern Guerrero and southern Morelos. DNA. Diagnostic COI nucleotides (4): 207 (C), 468 (A), 594 (C) and 612 (T). COI p -distances to other species above 6%; intra-specific distances less than 2% (Appendices S1, S5).

Species delimitation methods: Morphology (only a posteriori characters), HG barcoding and PTP.

Description

Male holotype: Some quantitative characters are given in Table 3. Colour and pubescence. Carapace covered by dense copper penny pubescence, which masks partially the black integument ( Fig. 9G). Femora black, with blue tonalities. Rest of leg and pedipalpal segments rather uniformly black. Patellae longitudinal stripes inconspicuous. Prosoma. Caput moderately elevated and fovea deep and procurved. Posterior area of carapace bears numerous very thick erect setae. Eight eyes disposed in two rows on extremely elevated tubercle (lateral eyes almost perpendicular to carapace base); anterior eye row slightly procurved; posterior row slightly recurved. Ocular mask present. Ocular quadrangle width, 1.48; length, 0.84. Clypeus width, 0.20. AME circular, diameter, 0.42; ALE elliptical, greater diameter, 0.46; PME ovoid, greater diameter, 0.26; PLE elliptical, greater diameter, 0.42. Sternum ( Fig. 19A) slightly convex to its centre, covered uniformly by erect thick hairs and other hairs much smaller; with three pairs of sigillae, placed opposite to coxae I, II and III. Labium sub-trapezoidal; middle length, 1.26; anterior width, 1.03; posterior width, 2.03. Appendage segment lengths. Palp : femur, 9.3; patella, 4.1; tibia, 4.9; Total , 18.3. Leg I: femur, 9.4; patella, 5.9; tibia, 6.6; metatarsus, 6.2; tarsus, 3.7; Total , 31.8. Leg II: femur, 8.6; patella, 5.3; tibia, 5.8; metatarsus, 6.1; tarsus, 3.9; Total , 29.7. Leg III: femur, 7.5; patella, 4.5; tibia, 5.2; metatarsus, 6.6; tarsus, 4.1; Total , 27.9. Leg IV: femur, 9.6; patella, 5.1; tibia, 7.5; metatarsus, 9.4; tarsus, 4.9; Total , 36.5. LegIV> I> II > III. Appendage spination. Pedipalp : femur p0-0-1; tibia p0-2-0. Leg I: femur p0-0- 1; patella v1; tibia p0-1-1 v4-3-1; metatarsus v0-0-1. Leg II: femur p0-0-1; tibia p0-2-0 v3-5-5; metatarsus p0-1-1 v1-1-2. Leg III: femur p0-0-1 r0-0-1; tibia p0-2-0 r1-0-1 v3-2-3; metatarsus p1-1-1 r0-1-1 v2-3-3. Leg IV: femur r0-0-1; tibia r1-0-1 v4-2-4; metatarsus p0-1-2 r0-2-1 v3-2-4. Spine cluster in ventral base of metatarsus II absent. Appendage setation. Femora of pedipalps and legs I and II prolaterally covered by a pad of simple and ciliated hairs. Femora IV retrolateral zone covered by a pad of ciliated hairs. Pedipalpal trochanters prolateral surface with thick simple hairs. Metatarsal scopulae. On legs I, apical 3/4 of the segment; on legs II, apical 2/3 prolaterally; apical 1/2 retrolaterally; on legs III, apical 1/2 prolaterally, apical 1/3 retrolaterally; on legs IV, apical 1/3. Tarsal scopulae. On legs I, undivided, but with few dispersed non-adhesive thin hairs; on legs II, divided by a 1–2 hairs wide band of thin hairs; on legs III, divided by a 1–3 hairs wide band of thin hairs; on legs IV, divided by a 2–4 hairs wide band of thick hairs. Claw tufts very dense on every leg. Abdominal urticating hairs. Type III, in dorsal sub-circular patch. Sexual features. Retrolateral face of palpal tibiae with prominent, apically inclined, conical nodule near the apex. Pedipalpal bulbs ( Fig. 19B–H). Embolus sub-rectangular, only considerably thinner at the apex, curved retrolaterally and dorsally, and twisted counterclockwise (from base to apex) to the point that in the apex, the ventral structures of the bulb become prolateral. PS, PI, PSA, RA and SP keels present. PS is strongly developed, smooth and extends from the embolus base to its apex. PI keel is serrated in most of its apical half (except for the apex itself), and it is fused with the retrolateral SP keel. PSA keel is poorly developed and RA keel is well developed. SP keels extend for about double the longitude from the bulb apex to the sperm pore; they are folded onto each other on their apical half, forming the sperm pore. Bulbal heel well developed. Legs I Holding Organ. Tibiae I with three apophyses near the apex ( Fig. 19I, J). Prolateral and retrolateral apophyses originate from a common base. Prolateral apophysis digitiform, bent prolaterally and bearing a megaspine on its internal border. Retrolateral apophysis chevron-shaped, not dorsally curved and bearing an internal mound and with a conical tip. Accessory apophysis strongly developed, sub-quadrate and bearing four stout spines at its apex. The moderately curved metatarsus I folds between prolateral and retrolateral apophyses. Both metatarsi I with a patch of 23 granules on its basal ventro-retrolateral region; lacking granules on basal ventro-prolateral region. Metatarsi I noticeably thin. GenBank accession number. COI: KU664213 View Materials . Preservation state. The specimen is in good condition, stored in a jar with 80% ethanol. Left pedipalpal bulb stored in a vial in the specimen jar; right bulb is apart, coated with gold. Left leg III preserved in 96% ethanol at −20 °C for molecular studies .

Male variation (n = 1) ( Figs 26A–C): Quantitative characters. Carapace length: 10.9; carapace width: 9.4; carapace width/length: 0.86; sternum length: 5.8; sternum width: 4.6; sternum width/length: 0.79; labial cuspules: 67; maxillary cuspules: 136 and 143; spines on accessory tibial apophysis: 5; prolateral/retrolateral tibial apophysis: 0.36; accessory/retrolateral apophysis: 0.28; granules in the metatarsus I patch: 25. Qualitative features. Metatarsus I prolateral apophysis conical.

Allotype female: Some quantitative characters are given in Table 3. Colour and pubescence. Carapace covered by dense copper pubescence, which masks partially the black integument ( Fig. 9H). Femora black, with blue tonalities. Rest of leg and pedipalpal segments rather uniformly dark grey. Patellae longitudinal stripes rather conspicuous, light brown. Prosoma. Caput moderately elevated and fovea deep and procurved. Posterior area of carapace bears numerous thick erect setae. Eight eyes disposed in two rows on extremely elevated tubercle (lateral eyes almost perpendicular to carapace base); anterior eye row slightly procurved; posterior row, slightly recurved. Ocular mask absent. Ocular quadrangle width, 1.56; length, 0.86. Clypeus width, 0.38. AME circular, diameter, 0.40; ALE elliptical, greater diameter, 0.48; PME ovoid, greater diameter, 0.24; PLE elliptical, greater diameter, 0.36. Sternum slightly convex to its centre, covered uniformly by erect thick hairs and other hairs much smaller; with three pairs of sigillae, placed opposite to coxae I, II and III. Labium sub-trapezoidal; middle length, 1.38; anterior width, 1.06; posterior width, 2.56. Appendage segment lengths. Palp: femur, 9.6; patella, 4.5; tibia, 4.7; tarsus, 4.2; Total, 23.0. Leg I: femur, 9.5; patella, 6.2; tibia, 6.6; metatarsus, 5.1; tarsus, 3.3; Total, 30.7. Leg II: femur, 8.3; patella, 5.6; tibia, 5.4; metatarsus, 4.9; tarsus, 3.7; Total, 27.9. Leg III: femur, 7.4; patella, 4.7; tibia, 4.6; metatarsus, 6.1; tarsus, 3.7; Total, 26.5. Leg IV: femur, 9.8; patella, 5.3; tibia, 7.4; metatarsus, 8.9; tarsus, 4.7; Total, 36.1. Leg IV > I> II > III. Appendage spination. Pedipalp: femur p0-0-1; tibia p0-1-0 v0-1-2. Leg I: femur p0-0-1; tibia p0-0-1 v0-1-2; metatarsus v1-1-1. Leg II: femur p0-0- 1; tibia p1-1-0 v1-1-0; metatarsus p0-1-0 v1-1-2. Leg III: femur p0-0-1 r0-0-1; patella p2; tibia p1-1-0 r1-1-0 v2-1-3; metatarsus p1-2-2 r0-2-1 v2-2-2. Leg IV: femur r0-0-1; tibia r1-0-1 v1-2-3; metatarsus p0-1-2 r0-2-1 v2-2-4. Spine cluster in ventral base of metatarsus II absent. Appendage setation. Femora of pedipalps and legs I and II prolaterally covered by a pad of simple and ciliated hairs. Femora IV retrolateral zone covered by a pad of ciliated hairs. Pedipalpal trochanters prolateral surface with thick simple hairs. Metatarsal scopulae. On legs I, full, except by basal-most region of the segment; on legs II, apical 3/4; on legs III, apical 1/3; on legs IV, apical 1/4. Tarsal scopulae. On legs I and II, undivided, but with few dispersed non-adhesive thin hairs; on legs III, divided by a 1–3 hairs wide band of thin hairs; on legs IV, divided by a 2–4 hairs wide band of thick hairs. Claw tufts very dense on every leg. Abdominal urticating hairs. Type III, in dorsal sub-circular patch. Sexual features. Single mammiform spermatheca ( Fig. 19K, L). It is strongly asymmetrical: fully sclerotized in ventral view, but dorsally only at the apical half. GenBank accession number. COI: KU664214 View Materials . Preservation state. The specimen is in good condition, stored in a jar with 80% ethanol. Genital area is in a plastic vial inside the jar. Left leg II is preserved in 96% ethanol at −20 °C for molecular studies.

Genetic diversity. COI: KU664215 View Materials ( Fig. 2; Appendix S 1). Intra-specific variation <0.9 %.

Distribution and natural history: Bonnetina julesvernei has been collected in two close localities of the Pacific Lowlands of Guerrero, at 260 and 400 masl ( Fig. 1; Table 1). The spiders (including two adult males) were found under stones in late November, in tropical deciduous forests ( Fig. 4F). In Pinzán bridge, the species is sympatric with Brachypelma cf. boehmei Schmidt & Klaas 1994 . The predicted distribution model of morphologically close B. papalutlensis ( Fig. 3C; Appendix S2) indicates that B. julesvernei localities are at least 3 km away from any B. papalutlensis suitable area.