Bonnetina flammigera, Ortiz & Francke, 2017

BONNETINA FLAMMIGERA View in CoL SP. NOV.

( FIGS 1, 2, 5F, 11C, 24, 26D–F; TABLES 1, 4)

urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:D0DCA54C-B5E1-4B3F-B22A-3256FC30AEC7

Types (n = 2): Holotype. ♂ a ( CNAN-T1076 ). MEXICO: Michoacán State: Arteaga municipality: Federal road 37: 5 km south (straight) of Las Cañas : 18.5117°, –101.9851°: 360 masl. 9/XII/2013. Jorge Mendoza, col. Under a stone in tropical semi-deciduous forest . Paratype. ♂ a ( SMF): same data as holotype .

Etymology: The specific name is a Latin adjective that means ‘flammigerous’ or ‘bearing flames’. It makes reference to the appearance of the carapace of the holotype of this species, covered by abundant and messy bright copper penny pubescence.

Diagnosis: Morphology and natural history. Bonnetina flammigera belongs to a group of species with similar morphologies, which are separated from most Bonnetina species by the males having the pedipalpal bulbs geniculate, with the embolus short and strongly curved dorsally. The males differ from those of the other species in this group by having the carapace and the appendages (especially patellae) covered by abundant, copper penny pubescence and also by the tip of the tibia I retrolateral apophysis being obtuse, instead of flattish or rounded. The females are unknown. It is the only known species in this group that lives in eastern Balsas Basin. DNA. Diagnostic COI nucleotides (8): 145 (C), 183 (C), 201 (C), 210 (C), 220 (A), 231 (A), 433 (C), 909 (C). COI p-distances to other species above 9%; intra-specific distances less than 2% (Appendices S1, S5).

Species delimitation methods: Morphology (only a posteriori characters), HG barcoding and PTP.

Description

Male holotype: Some quantitative characters are given in Table 4. Colour and pubescence. Carapace covered by very dense copper penny pubescence, which masks the dark brown integument ( Fig. 11C). Femora dark grey, with abundant copper penny hairs. Rest of leg and pedipalpal segments with abundant copper penny pubescence on medium grey background. Patellae longitudinal stripes inconspicuous. Prosoma. Caput moderately elevated and fovea deep and procurved. Posterior area of carapace bears numerous very thick erect setae. Eight eyes disposed in two rows on markedly elevated tubercle; anterior eye row procurved; posterior row, recurved. Ocular mask absent. Ocular quadrangle width, 1.06; length, 0.62. Clypeus width, 0.18. AME circular, diameter, 0.26; ALE elliptical, greater diameter, 0.36; PME ovoid, greater diameter, 0.20; PLE elliptical, greater diameter, 0.24. Sternum ( Fig. 24A) slightly convex to its centre, covered uniformly by erect thick hairs and other hairs much smaller; with three pairs of sigillae, placed opposite to coxae I, II and III. Labium sub-trapezoidal; middle length, 0.80; anterior width, 0.70; posterior width, 1.30. Appendage segment lengths. Palp : femur, 3.7; patella, 2.3; tibia, 3.3; Total , 9.2. Leg I: femur, 5.3; patella, 3.3; tibia, 4.0; metatarsus, 3.5; tarsus, 2.4; Total , 18.5. Leg II: femur, 4.8; patella, 2.9; tibia, 3.2; metatarsus, 3.2; tarsus, 2.6; Total , 16.7. Leg III: femur, 4.2; patella, 2.5; tibia, 2.8; metatarsus, 3.7; tarsus, 2.6; Total , 15.8. Leg IV: femur, 5.1; patella, 3.0; tibia, 4.2; metatarsus, 6.4; tarsus, 3.9; Total , 22.6. Leg IV > I> II > III. Appendage spination. Pedipalp : femur p0-0-1. Leg I: femur p0-0-1; tibia p0-1-1 v4-3-1; metatarsus v0-0-1. Leg II: femur p0-0-1; tibia p0-0-2 v6-4- 3; metatarsus p0-2-0 v10-3-2. Leg III: femur p0-0-1 r0-0-1; tibia p2-2-0 r1-1-0 v3-2-3; metatarsus p0-2-2 r0-1-1 v1-2-3. Leg IV: femur r0-0-1; tibia p0-1-1 r0-2-1 v1-1-1; metatarsus p0-1-1 r0-2-1 v2-2-3. Spine cluster in ventral base of metatarsus II present. Appendage setation. Femora of pedipalps and legs I and II prolaterally covered by a pad of simple and ciliated hairs. Femora IV retrolateral zone covered by a pad of ciliated hairs. Pedipalpal trochanters prolateral surface with thick simple hairs. Metatarsal scopulae. On legs I, apical 3/4 of the segment; on legs II, apical 1/2; on legs III, apical 1/3; on legs IV, apical 1/4. Tarsal scopulae. On legs I, undivided, but with few dispersed non-adhesive thin hairs; on legs II, divided by a 1–2 hairs wide band of thin hairs; on legs III, divided by a 3–4 hairs wide band of thick hairs; on legs IV, divided by a 3–5 hairs wide band of very thick hairs. Claw tufts very dense on every leg. Abdominal urticating hairs. Type III, in dorsal ovoid patch, pointing backwards. Sexual features. Retrolateral face of palpal tibiae with prominent, apically inclined, conical nodule near the apex. Pedipalpal bulbs ( Fig. 24B–H). Bulb geniculate. Embolus sub-conical, gradually thinning from base to apex, strongly curved dorsally and retrolaterally. The embolus is also twisted counterclockwise (from base to apex) to the point that in the apex, the ventral structures of the bulb become prolateral. PS, PI, PSA and SP keels present. PS is moderately developed, smooth and extends from the embolus base to almost its apex. PI keel mostly smooth, with three apical denticles; it is fused with the PSA keel. PSA keel poorly developed. SP keels extend only slightly to the embolus base after the sperm pore; they are mostly folded onto each other, forming the sperm pore. Bulbal heel poorly developed. Legs I Holding Organ. Tibiae I with three apophyses near the apex ( Fig. 24I, J). Prolateral and retrolateral apophyses originate from a common base. Prolateral apophysis digitiform, rather straight to the tibial axis and bearing a megaspine on its internal border. Retrolateral apophysis chevron-shaped, not dorsally curved, lacking an internal mound and with an obtuse tip. Accessory apophysis poorly developed, but distinct, bearing two conical megaspines at its apex and a simple spine on the internal border. The moderately curved metatarsus I folds between prolateral and retrolateral apophyses. Both metatarsi I with a patch of 19 granules on its basal ventro-retrolateral region; with one granule on basal ventro-prolateral region. Metatarsi I noticeably thin. GenBank accession number. COI: KU664205 View Materials . Preservation state. The specimen is in good condition, stored in a jar with 80% ethanol. Left pedipalpal bulb is missing; right bulb stored in a vial in the specimen jar. Right leg III preserved in 96% ethanol at −20 °C for molecular studies .

Male variation (n = 1) ( Fig. 26D–F): Quantitative characters. Carapace length: 7.5; carapace width: 6.3; carapace width/length: 0.84; sternum length: 3.3; sternum width: 3.0; sternum width/length: 0.91; labial cuspules: 35; maxillary cuspules: 81 and 82; spines on accessory tibial apophysis: 3 and 4; prolateral/retrolateral tibial apophysis: 0.44; accessory/ retrolateral apophysis: 0.24; granules in the metatarsus I patch: 23. Qualitative features. Metatarsus I accessory apophysis moderately developed, amorphous and bearing conical and/or simple and/or stout spines.