Pinocolis hulstaerti, Struyve, 2024

Key for males to the species of Pinocolis View in CoL

1. Parameres partly fused for a short part, mostly very broad while the median lobe of the aedeagus is narrower................................................................................. ( collarti -group) 2

– Parameres not fused, median lobe much larger than the parameres .................................. 12

2. Aedeagus long: more than 7 mm, pronotum without dense micropunctation ..................... 3

– Aedeagus shorter: up to 5 mm ............................................................................................. 4

3. Species known from the Comoros, parameres broader .................... spelaeus ( Lecoq, 1986)

– Species from continental Africa ( Rwanda and Congo-Kinshasa), parameres narrower........ ........................................................................................................ collarti ( Cameron, 1939)

4. Pronotum with dense micropunctation ................................................................................ 5

– Pronotum with only scattered micropunctation ................................................................... 9

5. Parameres fused in the apical half ....................................................................................... 6

– Parameres fused near the middle ......................................................................................... 8

6. Apical part of the parameres apical the fusion of the parameres longer than the fusion itself. Known from northwest Congo-Kinshasa.................................................. hulstaerti sp. nov.

– Apical part of the parameres apical the fusion of the parameres shorter than the length of the fusion itself........................................................................................................................... 7

7. Outer sides of the parameres regularly curved. Central sclerite slender, with a sharp tip and a hook. Micropunctation on the pronotum mainly near the macropunctation so that there are still shiny continue places between them. Species known from Congo-Kinshasa and central Angola.......................................................................................... garambanus ( Fagel, 1963)

– Outer sides of the parameres near the fusion a bit constricted. Central sclerite slender, with rounded tip and a hook. Micropunctation on the pronotum denser, hardly any shiny places. Species known from eastern Namibia and northern Botswana........... okavangensis sp. nov.

8. Parameres more separated, central sclerite almost as wide as one paramere. Head with less numerous micropunctures. Known from southeast Congo-Kinshasa.................................... ...................................................................................................... mabweensis ( Fagel, 1963)

– Parameres closer together, central sclerite slender with a sharp tip and a hook, tip near the middle of the fusion of the parameres and so shorter compared to garambanus and okavangensis . Head with numerous micropunctures also on the anterior halve. Known from Tanzania................................................................................................ tanzaniensis sp. nov.

9. Parameres fused near the base. Known from Ivory Coast and Togo....... levasseuri sp. nov.

– Parameres fused in the middle or apical half..................................................................... 10

10. Parameres narrower, together rather triangular. Known from many countries from Guinea to Congo-Kinshasa.................................................................................... freyi ( Fagel, 1963)

– Parameres broad with rather parallel basal halve and rounded before the tip ................... 11

11. Parameres fused near the middle. Central sclerite slender, with a sharp tip and a hook. Only known from Ghana................................................................................. sebestyani sp. nov.

– Parameres fused in the apical halve. Central sclerite slender, with a rounded tip and a hook. Known from Congo-Kinshasa ......................................................... desaegeri ( Fagel, 1963)

12. Pronotum with dense micropuntuation. Tip of the aedeagus membranous and shriveled. Parameres in apical halve enlarged and curved .................................( congoensis -group) 13

– Pronotum with at most some scattered micropunctures, only in one species from the Comoros partly with micropunctation. Tip of the aedeagus well sclerotized or less sclerotized, not shriveled in normal condition. Parameres in the apical halve almost straight ...................................................................................................( capensis -group) 15

13. Tip of the parameres in ventral view (side of the parameres) clubbed thickened. Known from Gabon and Congo-Kinshasa............................................... congoensis ( Gridelli, 1928)

– Tip of the parameres pointed or simply rounded, not enlarged ......................................... 14

14. Parameres before the tip with a small angle inwards, tip itself pointed. Known from Congo-Kinshasa, Rwanda and Uganda................................................... singularis (Cameron, 1952)

– Parameres without an angle, tip itself rounded. Known from southern Africa and Madagascar........................................................................ semiopacinus ( Bernhauer, 1934)

15. Pronotum in the posterior part with dense micropunctation. Brachypterous species from the Comores........................................................................................ mohelianus ( Lecoq, 1996)

– Pronotum with some scattered micropunctation................................................................ 16

16. Tip of the median lobe of the aedeagus with a short excavation (internal sclerites can be emerged pass the tip), flightless species with elytra shorter than the pronotum................ 17

– Tip of the aedeagus pointed, truncate or rounded. Mostly winged species ....................... 20

17. Median lobe of the aedeagus in lateral view without a clear lateral protrusion. Known from eastern Congo-Kinshasa................................................................................. alacus sp. nov.

– Median lobe of the aedeagus in lateral view with a clear, more or less bilobed lateral protrusion ........................................................................................................................... 18

18. Median lobe of the aedeagus in lateral view apical the lateral protrusion not enlarged, sometimes with a smaller obtuse angle.............................................................................. 19

– Median lobe of the aedeagus in lateral view with apical the lateral protrusion another protrusion, so a semicircular excavation can be recognized between them. Known from eastern Congo-Kinshasa........................................................... altivagans ( Bernhauer, 1934)

19. Lateral protrusion bilobed, narrower and higher compared with the next species, more oriented towards the tip. Known from Rwanda...................................... rwandensis sp. nov.

– Lateral protrusion bilobed, together much lower and broader, more oriented towards the base. Known from eastern Congo-Kinshasa and Rwanda. .......................... narcisse sp. nov.

20. Median lobe of the aedeagus in lateral view without the typical basal lateral protrusion, but with a more median triangular protrusion. Known from Kenya and Somalia........... janaki sp. nov.

– Median lobe of the aedeagus in lateral view with the typical basal lateral protrusion: a longer than wide prolongation, without a triangular protrusion ........................................ 21

21. Basal lateral protrusion directed towards the parameres with a rather right angle compared with the median lobe or bent towards the tip..................................................................... 22

– Basal lateral protrusion directed towards the base or semicircular starting towards the base ............................................................................................................................................ 27 22. Parameres after the base bent towards each other and touching or nearly touching each other before diverging again. Widespread from Senegal to Nigeria.......................... krelli sp. nov.

– Parameres well separated from each other......................................................................... 23

23. Tip of the median lobe of the aedeagus strongly sclerotized and sides folded inwards... 24

– Tip of the median lobe flat or slightly bent upwards......................................................... 25

24. Tip of the median lobe strongly bent inwards, leaving a small circular open middle zone. Known from South Africa up to Kenya............................................... wenzeli ( Fagel, 1963)

– Tip itself only slightly bent inwards, leaving a triangular open zone. More western: from Namibia and Botswana up to Congo-Kinshasa .................................. strictus ( Fagel, 1963)

25. Tip of the median lobe truncate with a small pointed tip, weakly sclerotized. Only known from Zambia....................................................................................... dollmani ( Fagel, 1963)

– Tip of the median lobe pointed or rounded........................................................................ 26

26. Tip of the median lobe less sclerotized, head scarcely punctuated. From Senegal up to Chad....................................................................................... senegalensis ( Cameron, 1948)

– Tip of the median lobe more sclerotized, punctation on the head denser. From Tanzania up to Ethiopia.......................................................................................... attenboroughi sp. nov.

27. Head with dense punctation, in the anterior halve also dense and at least partly rugose.... 28

– Head with a broad V-shaped zone without macropunctation, pu nctation on the anterior halve clearly separated....................................................................................................... 29

28. Parameres in ventral view (side of the parameres) almost straight, V-shaped zone on the head hardly recognizable. Only known from Congo-Kinshasa .......... pseustes ( Fagel, 1963)

– Parameres at the inner side on ventral view undulated, V-shaped zone on the head without macropunctation small. Widespread from Guinea up to Tanzania and Zimbabwe............... ..................................................................................................... rugiceps ( Bernhauer, 1929)

29. Median lobe of the aedeagus before the tip with two elevated keels, besides the sides of the median lobe directed towards the outside.......................................................................... 30

– Median lobe of the aedeagus before the tip without keels, sides can be folded inwards sometimes with a smaller lateral ridge............................................................................... 32

30. Keels before the tip of the aedeagus sharp and in a Y-form, split into the two branches towards the tip of the aedeagus, one branch goes to the margin of the aedeagus. Only known from Tanzania................................................................................ frater ( Bernhauer, 1937)

– Keels before the tip of the aedeagus not split .................................................................... 31

31. Keels before the tip of the aedeagus in lateral view evenly rounded front and back. Only known from Ivory Coast........................................................................... ivoriensis sp. nov.

– Keels before the tip of the aedeagus in lateral view higher towards the basis with a rounded angle. Only know from Madagascar.. ............................................ annabellae ( Lecoq, 1990)

32. Parameres in ventral view at the base very broad, (almost) touching each other shortly after the base while the outer side are here still convex, distance between the parameres at this point less than one third of the parameres at this point...................................................... 33

– Parameres at the base more slender, well separated shortly after the base........................ 34

33. Basal lateral protrusion semicircular, for a most of the length covered by the parameres. Median lobe of the aedeagus in lateral view between the lateral protrusion and the keels before the tip with a larger membranous protrusion. Parameres touching or nearly touching each other. From South Africa up to Congo Kinshasa and Kenya............................... capensis ( Erichson, 1840)

– Basal lateral protrusion almost straight, less covered by the parameres. Parameres more separated in ventral view. Median lobe of the aedeagus in lateral view between the lateral protrusion and the keels before the tip only a small membranous part visible. Brachypterous species from Tanzania.............................................................. puguensis ( Bernhauer, 1915)

34. Dorsal side of the aedeagus in lateral view regulary curved. Legs reddish. Known from South Africa, Zimbabwe and Zanzibar. ............................................. lividipes ( Fagel, 1963)

– Dorsal side of the aedeagus in lateral view S-curved. Legs usually with dark tibia and bright femura. Known from Zimbabwe, Zanzibar and Tanzania......... curticeps ( Bernhauer, 1937)

Key for females to the species of Pinocolis

(Note that Pinoplanus , Pinobelus , less also Mimopinophilus look similar)

1. Species from the Comoros................................................................................................... 2

– Species from Madagascar.................................................................................................... 3

– Species from continental Africa and Zanzibar..................................................................... 4

2. Pronotum partly with dense micropunctation................................ mohelianus ( Lecoq,1996)

– Pronotum with only scattered micropunctation ................................. spelaeus ( Lecoq, 1986)

3. Pronotum partly with dense micropunctation..................... semiopacinus ( Bernhauer, 1934)

– Pronotum with only scattered micropunctation ............................ annabellae ( Lecoq, 1990)

4. Legs with dark tibia and reddish femura. Known from Zimbabwe, Zanzibar and Tanzania................................................................................................... curticeps ( Bernhauer, 1937)

– Legs without darkened tibia................................................................................................. 5

5. Pronotum with dense micropunctation ................................................................................ 6

– Pronotum with only scattered micropunctation ................................................................. 12

6. Eyes less than 4 times as long as the temple (until the posterior angle of the head, not the back at the middle of the head)............................................................................................ 7

– Eyes larger, at least 6 times as long as the part behind the eye until the angle of the posterior part of the head..................................................................................................................... 9

7. Species from South Africa, Zanzibar and Madagascar........ semiopacinus ( Bernhauer,1934)

– Species from more central Africa ........................................................................................ 8

8. Micropunctation on the head very dense. Known from northwest Congo-Kinshasa ............ ................................................................................................................... hulstaerti sp. nov.

– Micropunctation in the middle of the head dense. Known from Gabon and Congo-Kinshasa...................................................................................... congoensis ( Gridelli, 1928)