Scaphisoma mutabile, Groll, 2025

Scaphisoma mutabile sp. nov.

urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:3E14760B-CE18-4AF6-AD89-F83374F45C2F

Figs 1A–B View Fig , 55–59 View Fig View Fig View Fig View Fig View Fig

Diagnosis

Body length: 1.28–1.52 mm. Brown-reddish; pronotum darker than elytra. Pronotum and elytra iridescent. Elytra, thorax, legs, and abdomen with distinct strigulate microsculpture. Sutural striae parallel to suture; basal striae absent. Submesocoxal lines nearly parallel; punctate. Submetacoxal lines arcuate. Parameres widened apically; sclerite of internal sac simple. Females with spermatheca large and twisted; distal gonocoxite curved.

Etymology

The species epithet is a Greek word meaning ‘change’, due to the change of colour depending on the position.

Material examined

Holotype

BRAZIL • ♂; Minas Gerais, Viçosa, Mata da Biologia ; 30 Oct. 2019; E von Groll and I.S. Pecci-Madalena leg.; “Fungo 25 / Em Xylodon flaviporus / HOLOTYPUS ♂ ”; CELC. ( Fig. 55D–E View Fig )

Paratypes

BRAZIL • 3 ♂♂, 4 ♀♀, 2 ex. (1 ♂ **, 1 ♀ *); same collection data as for holotype; 30 Oct. 2019; E von Groll and I.S. Pecci-Madalena leg.; “Fungo 25 / Em Xylodon flaviporus /”; CELC • 2 ♂♂ (1 ♂ *); same collection data as for holotype; 12 Nov. 2019; LabCol leg.; “Fungo 03 / Em fungo branco ressupinado em tronco indet.”; CELC .

Description

COLOURATION. Elytra, thorax, and ventrite I reddish-brown; pronotum and posterior part of elytra darker ( Fig. 55A–C View Fig ); mouthparts, antennae, legs, apex of elytra, and abdominal segments III–VII yellow ( Fig. 55C, H View Fig ). Pronotum and elytra iridescent, more visible under direct light ( Fig. 55F–G View Fig ). Variations: (1) darker tonalities ( Fig. 55F View Fig ); (2) lighter tonalities ( Fig. 55G View Fig ); (3) iridescence variably distributed; (4) ventrite also iridescent.

HEAD ( Figs 55H–K View Fig , 56A–E View Fig ). Frons with punctures somewhat coarse; pubescence moderately sparse. Clypeus wider than long ( Fig. 55I View Fig ). Labrum shallowly concave posteriorly ( Fig. 56A View Fig ). Maxillary palpomeres conspicuously elongate ( Fig. 56D View Fig ). Last labial palpomere not strongly curved, thick; mentum elongate, with a posterior angulate concavity ( Fig. 56E View Fig ). Antennomere VII enlarged ( Fig. 55J– K View Fig ); antennomere proportions (n= 2): I missing: II 73/45: III 34/18: IV 63/16: V 80/21: VI 81/21: VII 102/31:VIII 83/24: IX 110/33: X 105/32: XI 128/36.

PROTHORAX ( Fig. 56F–J View Fig ). Lacking microsculpture, smooth. Pronotum with punctures fine and moderately sparse; pubescence short and sparse ( Fig. 56F View Fig ). Hypomeron shining, glabrous; posterior angles angulate extending beyond anapleural line ( Figs 55B View Fig , 59B View Fig ). Prosternal process concave ( Fig. 56H View Fig ). Profurca short, curved ( Fig. 56J View Fig ).

MESOTHORAX ( Fig. 56K–N View Fig ). With strigulate microsculpture ( Figs 56N View Fig , 59B View Fig ). Visible part of scutellum longer than wide ( Fig. 56F View Fig ); scutellar line sinuous; tip acute ( Fig. 56K View Fig ). Mesanepisternum with sparse pubescence ( Figs 55B View Fig , 56N View Fig , 59B View Fig ). Mesepimeron wide, 4.39 × as wide as long; almost uneven due to strigulate microsculpture of mesanepisternum ( Fig. 56N View Fig ). Mesoventral lines not curved; punctate; secondary and median lines absent ( Fig. 56L View Fig ). Mesoventral process longer than wide and curved in lateral view ( Fig. 56M View Fig ).

METATHORAX ( Figs 56L–N View Fig , 57A–C View Fig ). With strigulate microsculpture ( Figs 56N, 56B View Fig ). Metaventrite with moderately coarse punctures; pubescence sparse ( Fig. 56N View Fig ). Submesocoxal lines nearly parallel, punctate; submesocoxal length about 0.04 mm ( Fig. 56L–N View Fig ). Metanepisternum conspicuously wider near metacoxae ( Fig. 56N View Fig ). Metendosternite arms widely separated ( Fig. 57B–C View Fig ).

WINGS ( Fig. 57D–G View Fig ). Elytra with strigulate microsculpture ( Fig. 57D–F View Fig ); not strongly narrowed apically; punctation coarse – coarser than pronotum. One longitudinal carina on disc of each elytron ( Fig. 59A View Fig ) – weakly marked (but distinct) on holotype ( Fig. 55A View Fig ). Sutural striae slightly curved anteriorly; basal striae absent ( Fig. 55A View Fig ). Curvature of lateral striae shortened at humeral area ( Fig. 55B View Fig ).

LEGS ( Figs 56N View Fig , 57H–M View Fig , 59D–I View Fig ). With strigulate microsculpture.

ABDOMEN. Ventrites with strigulate microsculpture; pubescence dense ( Figs 55B–C View Fig , 58A View Fig , 59B–C View Fig ). Submetacoxal lines arcuate and punctate; submetacoxal area length = 0.06–0.10 mm ( Fig. 58A View Fig ). Tergite VI and VII with imbricate microsculpture ( Fig. 58B View Fig ).

Males

Pro- and mesotarsomeres I–III widened, with dense tenent setae, especially mesotarsomeres ( Fig. 57K– M View Fig ). Sternite and tergite VIII with strigulate microsculpture. Sternite VIII with a wide posterior projection ( Fig. 58C View Fig ). Tergite VIII slightly convex posteriorly ( Fig. 58D View Fig ). Tergite IX with oblong ventral struts ( Fig. 58E View Fig ). Sternite IX wider posteriorly ( Fig. 58F View Fig ). Tergite X oval ( Fig. 58G View Fig ).

AEDEAGUS ( Fig. 58H–N View Fig ). Basal bulb and apical lobe very distinct. Basal bulb remarkably rounded ( Fig. 58H View Fig ); apical lobe triangular, small, sclerotized, curved, and shorter than basal bulb ( Fig. 58I View Fig ). Parameres elongate; tip wide in frontal view ( Fig. 58K View Fig ). Internal sac membranous and similar to the median lobe shape: rounded with a projection ( Fig. 58L–M View Fig ).

MEASUREMENTS (n=6 including holotype, unless otherwise specified; in mm). TL 1.28–1.45 (1.38± 0.07), SY (n =5) 0.16–0.20 (0.19 ± 0.02), HW 0.40–0.45 (0.43± 0.02), IS 0.20–0.23 (0.21 ±0.01), WA 0.12– 0.15 (0.13± 0.01), PL 0.53–0.60 (0.56± 0.03), PA 0.44–0.55 (0.50± 0.04), PB 0.77–0.91 (0.84± 0.06), EI 0.79–0.94 (0.87±0.06), EL 0.90–1.01 (0.95± 0.05), EW 0.40–0.54 (0.46 ± 0.05), EH 0.31–0.38 (0.34 ± 0.02), Me 0.18–0.25 (0.23± 0.02), MeL (n =5) 0.13–0.14 (0.13± 0.01), MeW (n=5) 0.03, MB 0.11–0.18 (0.14 ± 0.02), MC 0.31–0.39 (0.35 ± 0.03), ML 0.02–0.04 (0.03 ± 0.01), MA 0.06–0.10 (0.07 ± 0.02), MA2 0.13–0.19 (0.15 ± 0.02), VL 0.23–0.31 (0.26 ±0.03), VL2 0.23–0.34 (0.27± 0.04), PrF 0.35–0.39 (0.37 ± 0.01), PrT 0.24–0.30 (0.27 ±0.02), MsF 0.34–0.40 (0.37 ±0.03), MsT 0.25–0.36 (0.31± 0.04), MtF 0.38–0.46 (0.43 ± 0.03), MtT 0.38–0.45 (0.42 ± 0.02).

Females ( Fig. 59 View Fig )

STERNITE AND TERGITE VIII. Sternite VIII with a projection ( Fig. 59J View Fig ). Tergite VIII bearing a small projection ( Fig. 59K View Fig ). Spermatheca remarkably enlarged and twisted ( Fig. 59L View Fig ). Distal gonocoxite thick and curved; gonostylus distinctly small ( Fig. 59M View Fig ).

MEASUREMENTS (n =3; in mm). TL 1.48–1.52 (1.50± 0.02), SY 0.19–0.20 (0.19± 0.01), HW 0.45–0.47 (0.46 ± 0.01), IS 0.21–0.24 (0.22 ± 0.02), WA 0.14–0.16 (0.15 ± 0.01), PL 0.58–0.65 (0.62 ± 0.04), PA 0.45–0.55 (0.5 ± 0.05), PB 0.88–0.94 (0.90± 0.03), EI 0.92–0.99 (0.95 ± 0.04), EL 1.01–1.05 (1.03± 0.02), EW 0.48–0.58 (0.52 ±0.05), EH 0.39–0.40 (0.39 ±0.01), Me 0.26–0.27 (0.27 ±0.01), MeL 0.13–0.15 (0.14 ± 0.01), MeW 0.03–0.04 (0.03 ±0.01), MB 0.14–0.15 (0.14 ± 0.01), MC 0.34–0.40 (0.37± 0.04), ML 0.04–0.05 (0.04± 0.01), MA 0.07–0.11 (0.09 ± 0.02), MA2 0.15–0.18 (0.17 ±0.02), VL 0.26–0.28 (0.27 ± 0.01), VL2 0.30–0.32 (0.31 ± 0.01), PrF 0.38–0.40 (0.39 ± 0.01), PrT 0.25–0.27 (0.26± 0.01), MsF 0.37–0.40 (0.39 ± 0.02), MsT 0.31–0.36 (0.34 ± 0.03), MtF 0.43–0.46 (0.45± 0.02), MtT 0.41–0.45 (0.43± 0.02).

Host

Collected from Xylodon flaviporus and an undetermined crust/resupinate fungus.

Remarks

Similar to S. iridescens Löbl & Ogawa, 2016 due to the presence of iridescence, the shape of the sutural striae, and the absence of basal striae.The submesocoxal lines are also similar in both species.Nonetheless, S. iridescens presents the iridescence on the ventral surface, while S. mutabile sp. nov. always presents it on the dorsal surface (pronotum and elytra) and rarely ventrally. Scaphisoma mutabile sp. nov. can also be easily distinguished by the smaller body length, the elytra with strigulate microsculpture, and by the different shape of parameres.

Distribution

Mata do Paraíso, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, campus of Viçosa, state of Minas Gerais, Southeast Brazil ( Fig. 1A–B View Fig ).