Scaphisoma Leach, 1815

Genus Scaphisoma Leach, 1815 View in CoL

Figs 2C, H View Fig , 44–64 View Fig View Fig View Fig View Fig View Fig View Fig View Fig View Fig View Fig View Fig View Fig View Fig View Fig View Fig View Fig View Fig View Fig View Fig View Fig View Fig View Fig

Scaphisoma Leach, 1815: 89 View in CoL . Type species: Silpha agaricina Linnaeus, 1758 View in CoL ; by monotypy.

Scaphosoma Agassiz, 1846: 332 View in CoL .

Caryoscapha Ganglbauer, 1899: 343 (as subgenus of Scaphisoma View in CoL ). Type species: Scaphisoma limbatum Erichson, 1945 View in CoL ; by monotypy.

Scaphiomicrus Casey, 1900: 58 View in CoL . Type species: Scaphisoma pusilla LeConte, 1860 ; by original designation.

Pseudoscaphosoma Pic, 1915b: 31 View in CoL . Type species: Pseudoscaphosoma testaceomaculatum Pic, 1915 View in CoL ; by original designation.

Scutoscaphosoma Pic, 1916a: 3 (as subgenus of Scaphosoma ). Type species: Scaphisoma (Scutoscaphosoma) rouyeri Pic, 1916a ; by monotypy.

Scaphella Achard, 1924: 29 View in CoL . Type species: Scaphisoma antennatum Achard, 1920 View in CoL ; by original designation.

Macrobaeocera Pic, 1925: 195 View in CoL . Type species: Scaphisoma phungi Pic, 1922 View in CoL , by monotypy.

Macroscaphosoma Pic, 1928a: 33 View in CoL . Type species: Macroscaphosoma collarti Pic, 1928 View in CoL ; by monotypy.

Mimoscaphosoma Pic, 1928b: 49 (as subgenus of Scaphisoma View in CoL ). Type species: Scaphisoma bruchi Pic, 1928 View in CoL ; by original designation.

Metalloscapha Löbl, 1975a:384 View in CoL . Type species: Metalloscapha papua Löbl, 1975 View in CoL ; by original designation.

[ Macroscaphosoma Löbl, 1997 View in CoL : xi. Type species Macroscaphosoma collarti Pic, 1928 View in CoL (credited to Löbl 1970)].

Scaphisoma View in CoL , with approximately 800 species, is the largest genus of Scaphidiinae View in CoL . However, it is likely that this number, as with other Scaphidiinae View in CoL genera, is still underestimated, especially in Brazil. The Brazilian fauna comprises only seven known species – a number that is now understood (pers. obs.) to be substantially divergent from reality. With continued research on Scaphidiinae View in CoL , this number should increase exponentially.. To exemplify, in less than 30 short field trips it was possible to collect more than 500 specimens; and about 200 still need to be studied.

General description (* = variable characters within the genera, but not variable in the species below; Löbl & Leschen 2003b; Leschen & Löbl 2005)

HEAD. Labral setae simple* ( Fig. 45E View Fig ). Mandible unidentate; lacking serrations* ( Fig. 45F–G View Fig ). Maxillary palp normal; galea wide, with radulate brush; lacinia with basal setae ( Fig. 45H View Fig ). Setae on adoral surface of hypopharynx setose; last labial palpomere curved and thick ( Fig. 45I View Fig ). Eyes notched*. Antennomere III short and triangular ( Fig. 2C View Fig ). Gular pores present*. Frontoclypeal suture present ( Fig. 45A View Fig ).

PROTHORAX. Prepectus present. Hypomeron visible in lateral view; extending beyond pronotum* ( Fig. 44B View Fig ). Prothoracic angle acute. Prothoracic corbiculum absent ( Fig. 46B View Fig ).

MESOTHORAX. Mesoventral process paxillate ( Fig. 46E View Fig ). Scutellum tip exposed*. Mesoventral lines not connecting to mesocoxal cavity. Mesepimeron exposed* ( Fig. 45J View Fig ). Meso- and metaventrite fused ( Fig. 46D View Fig ).

METATHORAX. Metepimeron and metanepisternum exposed; metepimeral lines impunctate ( Fig. 46F View Fig ). Intercoxal plates absent. Metacoxal process digitate. Metaventral setose patch absent*.

WINGS. Lateral striae present. Elytral apical serration present ( Fig. 47H View Fig ). Hind wings developed ( Fig. 46L View Fig ).

LEGS. Profemoral ctenidium present ( Fig. 2H View Fig , 44C View Fig ). Mesotibiae with two apical spines.

ABDOMEN. Submetacoxal lines punctate* ( Fig. 47G View Fig ). Membranes of abdominal ventrites lacking brick-wall pattern.