Toxidium speratum, Groll, 2025

Toxidium speratum sp. nov.

urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:DB14D21D-F6B4-4B1F-AC1A-9578A88D43E0

Figs 1A–B View Fig , 83–88 View Fig View Fig View Fig View Fig View Fig View Fig

Diagnosis

Body length: 2.08–2.25 mm. Dark reddish-brown. Posterior angle of pronotum slightly trespassing anapleural line. Metaventrite with some coarse punctures next to submesocoxal lines. Metanepisternal suture sinuous. Sutural striae shortened, extending from the apex to approximately 0.60 of the elytral sutural length. Elytra densely pubescent. Aedeagus with parameres constricted at posterior ⅔; sclerite of internal sac elongate and curved. Distal gonocoxite elongate, curved. Gonostylus tapering posteriorly.

Etymology

The species epithet is a Latin word meaning ‘hope’, because after collecting some specimens on one of the first field trips during my doctorate, I always returned to that same trunk hoping to collect more specimens, but never did.

Material examined

Holotype

BRAZIL • ♂; Minas Gerais, Viçosa, EPTEA Mata do Paraíso ; 5 Nov. 2019; LabCol leg.; “Fungo 13 / Em Hyphodontia / HOLOTYPUS ♂ ”; CELC. ( Fig. 83D–E View Fig )

Paratypes

BRAZIL • 2 ♂♂, 3 ♀♀ (1 ♂ **, 1 ♀ **); same collection data as for holotype; “Fungo 13 / Em Hyphodontia ”; CELC • 2 ♀♀ (1 ♀ *); same collection data as for holotype; 11 Feb. 2015; S. Aloquio, A. Orsetti, C. Lopes-Andrade and M. Bento leg.; CELC .

Description

COLOURATION. Dark reddish-brown; frons, femora, and tibiae dark ochreous; antennae, mouthparts, tarsi, apex of abdominal ventrites, and tip of elytra yellow ( Fig. 83A–C View Fig ). Variations: (1) reddish tonality less visible ( Fig. 83F View Fig ); (2) reddish tonality more visible ( Fig. 83G View Fig ).

HEAD ( Figs 83H–K View Fig , 84A–E View Fig ). Frons with punctation dense and fine – some punctures coarser near eyes. Clypeus squared, with coarse punctures ( Fig. 83H–I View Fig ). Labrum concave posteriorly; labral setae simple ( Fig. 84A View Fig ). Mandibles not strongly curved ( Fig. 84B–C View Fig ). Last maxillary palpomere about 3.90 × as long as wide; lacinia poorly pubescent ( Fig. 84D View Fig ). Last labial palpomere somewhat elongate and curved; mentum concave posteriorly ( Fig. 84E View Fig ). Gular pores absent; gular region with strigulate microsculpture ( Fig. 84F View Fig ). Antennomeres slender ( Fig. 83J–K View Fig ); antennomere proportions (n=2): I 112/48: II 104/52: III 66/20: IV 88/17:V 110/18:VI 95/20:VII 126/39: VIII 86/23: IX 122/37: X 124/40: XI 168/41.

PROTHORAX ( Figs 84G–K View Fig , 85D–E View Fig ). Smooth, shining. Pronotum shining, punctures fine and moderately dense ( Fig. 84G View Fig ). Posterior angle acute, slightly trespassing anapleural line ( Fig. 85D View Fig ). Hypomeron finely punctate; pubescence moderately dense ( Fig. 85D–E View Fig ). Notosternal suture concave ( Fig. 84J View Fig ). Prosternal process strongly spinose ( Fig. 84I View Fig ). Profurca short and sinuous ( Fig. 84K View Fig ).

MESOTHORAX ( Fig. 85A–E View Fig ). Lacking microsculpture, shining ( Fig. 85D–E View Fig ). Scutellar plate strongly sclerotized and large; scutellum triangular, with sides slightly convex ( Fig. 85A View Fig ); just tip of scutellum exposed, longer than wide ( Fig. 84G View Fig ). Mesanepisternum with inconspicuous punctures, pubescence moderately dense ( Fig. 85D–E View Fig ). Mesoventral and secondary lines connected to mesocoxal cavity ( Fig. 85B View Fig ). Mesoventral process with a small ridge upwards in lateral view ( Fig. 85C View Fig ). Mesofurca sinuous ( Fig. 85G View Fig ).

METATHORAX ( Fig. 85B–J View Fig ). Lacking microsculpture, shining. Metaventrite with inconspicuous punctures and pubescence sparsely pubescent ( Fig. 85D–E View Fig ); variation: some specimens with more or less coarse punctures next to submesocoxal lines ( Fig. 85E View Fig ). Submesocoxal area elongate; length: 0.10–0.15 mm ( Fig. 85B View Fig ). Metanepisternal suture convex, impunctate; metanepisternum wider at anterior part ( Fig. 85D–E View Fig ). Metanotum with triangular alacrista; scutoscutellar suture laterally acute, trespassing apodeme ( Fig. 85F View Fig ). Arms of metendosternite wider at stalk connection ( Fig. 85H–J View Fig ).

WINGS ( Figs 83A–C, F–G View Fig , 85K–M View Fig ). Elytra with coarse and dense punctures – more than pronotum; pubescence dense. Sutural striae shortened, extending from apex to approximately 0.60 of the elytral sutural length ( Fig. 83A View Fig ). Lateral striae fine, impunctate, smoothly curved at humeral region ( Fig. 83B View Fig ).

LEGS ( Fig. 86A–F View Fig ). With imbricate microsculpture. Femora and tibiae long and slender.

ABDOMEN. Smooth, shining. Each ventral segment with a row of apical setae ( Fig. 83C View Fig ). Tergites micropunctured ( Figs 86G View Fig , 88A View Fig ).

Males

Protarsomeres I–III widened, bearing tenent setae ( Fig. 86D View Fig ). Sternite VIII with a triangular posterior projection ( Fig. 86J View Fig ). Tergite VIII with a tiny posterior projection ( Fig. 86K View Fig ). Tergite IX with ventral struts somewhat curved ( Fig. 86I, L View Fig ). Sternite IX slightly acute posteriorly ( Fig. 86M View Fig ). Tergite X rounded posteriorly ( Fig. 86N View Fig ).

AEDEAGUS ( Fig. 87 View Fig ). Median lobe strongly curved in lateral view; basal bulb longer than apical lobe ( Fig. 87B View Fig ). Parameres thick, with a small lobe, followed by a constriction at posterior ⅔ in frontal view ( Fig. 87C View Fig ). Sclerite of internal sac elongate and curved ( Fig. 87E View Fig ).

MEASUREMENTS (n =3, including holotype; in mm). TL 2.08–2.18 (2.12 ± 0.05),SY 0.22–0.25(0.24 ± 0.02), HW 0.83–0.86 (0.85 ± 0.02), IS 0.30–0.35 (0.33 ± 0.03), WA 0.16–0.17 (0.17 ± 0.01), PL 0.82–0.92 (0.87 ± 0.05), PA 0.55–0.58 (0.56 ± 0.02), PB 1.11–1.16 (1.14± 0.02), EI 1.32–1.40 (1.37± 0.05), EL 1.44–1.50 (1.47± 0.03), EW 0.47–0.52 (0.50 ±0.03), EH 0.56–0.69 (0.61± 0.07), MB 0.14–0.15 (0.14 ± 0.01), MC 0.16–0.19 (0.18± 0.02), MeW 0.32–0.34 (0.33 ±0.01), ML 0.10–0.12 (0.11± 0.01), VL 0.31–0.33 (0.32 ± 0.01), VL2 0.42–0.47 (0.44 ±0.03), PrF 0.52–0.57 (0.54 ±0.03), PrT 0.33–0.43 (0.39 ± 0.05), MsF 0.60–0.62 (0.61 ±0.01), MsT 0.49–0.53 (0.52 ±0.02), MtF 0.63–0.65 (0.64 ± 0.01), MtT 0.60–0.65 (0.62 ±0.03).

Females ( Fig. 88 View Fig ) Sternite and tergite VIII with imbricate microsculpture. Sternite VIII with an acute posterior projection ( Fig. 88B View Fig ). Tergite VIII straight posteriorly ( Fig. 88C View Fig ). Spermatheca elongate and twisted posteriorly

( Fig. 88D View Fig ). Distal gonocoxite elongate, curved, gonostylus tapering posteriorly ( Fig. 88E–H View Fig ).

MEASUREMENTS (n =5; in mm). TL 2.18–2.25 (2.20 ± 0.04), SY 0.24–0.26 (0.25± 0.01), HW 0.83–0.88 (0.86± 0.02), IS 0.35–0.39 (0.37 ± 0.02),WA 0.15–0.18 (0.16 ±0.01), PL 0.80–0.94 (0.86 ± 0.07),PA 0.58– 0.63 (0.60 ±0.02), PB 1.14–1.22 (1.18 ±0.03), EI 1.34–1.50 (1.42± 0.08), EL 1.48–1.60 (1.52± 0.05), EW 0.47–0.53 (0.51± 0.03), EH 0.63–0.69 (0.66± 0.03), MB 0.13–0.19 (0.15 ± 0.02), MC 0.16–0.23 (0.18 ± 0.03), MeW 0.30–0.35 (0.33 ±0.02), ML 0.10–0.15 (0.11± 0.02), VL 0.31–0.40 (0.34 ± 0.04), VL2 0.41–0.45 (0.43 ± 0.01), PrF 0.51–0.59 (0.55± 0.03), PrT 0.37–0.39 (0.38 ±0.01), MsF 0.60–0.65 (0.62± 0.02), MsT 0.49–0.55 (0.51± 0.03), MtF 0.60–0.66 (0.64 ± 0.02), MtT 0.58–0.63 (0.61 ±0.02).

Host

Collected from Hyphodontia sp. ( Hymenochaetaceae ).

Remarks

Similar to T. scalenum sp. nov. but differs mainly by the shorter sutural striae, the oblong metanepisternum, and by the presence of a constriction on the apical portion of the parameres. The sclerite of the internal sac is also distinctly rounded at the curvature when compared to all the other species of Toxidium described in this manuscript.

Distribution

Mata do Paraíso, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, campus of Viçosa, state of Minas Gerais, Southeast Brazil ( Fig. 1A–B View Fig ).