Toxidium brigadeirense, Groll, 2025

Toxidium brigadeirense sp. nov.

urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:60631403-F38E-4222-8688-A789842C7CCE

Figs 1A–B View Fig , 65–70 View Fig View Fig View Fig View Fig View Fig View Fig

Diagnosis

Body length: 2.18–2.33 mm. Dark brown, some areas dark reddish; femora and tibiae wine red; tarsi yellow. Shining; strongly curved in lateral view. Sutural striae extending from the apex to approximately 0.80 of the elytral sutural length; elytral punctation sparse. Pronotum length exceeding hypomeron. Metanepisternal suture almost straight. Metaventrite with few coarse punctures near anapleural lines – absent in some specimens. Posterior region of abdominal ventrite I and ventrites II–VI with imbricate microsculpture. Parameres with a hock-shaped posterior projection. Sclerite of internal sac J-shaped. Distal gonocoxite remarkably elongate.

Etymology

The species epithed is derived from the name of the type locality, Parque Estadual da Serra do Brigadeiro.

Material examined

Holotype

BRAZIL • ♂; Minas Gerais, Araponga; Parque Estadual da Serra do Brigadeiro ; 25 Oct. 2015; Araújo, S.L. et al. leg.; “/ HOLOTYPUS ♂ ”; em tronco; CELC. ( Fig. 65D–E View Fig )

Paratypes

BRAZIL • 1 ♂, 1 ♀ (1 ♂ **, 1 ♀ *); same collection data as for holotype; 25 Oct. 2015; CELC • 1 ♂ *; Viçosa , EPTEA Mata do Paraíso; 7 Apr. 2022; E. von Groll and C. Lopes-Andrade leg.; “Falcon 03 / Em Fungo branco ressupinado no tronco caído”; CELC .

Description

COLOURATION. Dark brown; some areas dark reddish; antennae, maxillary and labial palpomeres, tarsi, and apical ventral segments and elytra yellow; mouthparts, coxae, femora, and tibiae wine red ( Fig. 65A–C, H View Fig ). Variation: brown with lighter tonalities – not reddish ( Fig. 65F–G View Fig ).

HEAD ( Figs 65H–L View Fig , 66A–E View Fig ). Frons densely and moderately coarse punctate; pubescence dense. Clypeus almost squared ( Fig. 65I View Fig ). Mandibles strongly curved ( Fig. 66B–C View Fig ). Last maxillary palpomere about 4× as long as wide; lacinia with moderately dense apical and basal pubescence ( Fig. 66D View Fig ). Last labial palpomere short and thick; mentum concave posteriorly ( Fig. 66E View Fig ). Gular pores absent; gular region strigulate microsculptured. Antennomere XI elongate ( Fig. 65J–L View Fig ); antennomere proportions (n= 3) I 115/47: II 106/52:III 85/21: IV 125/19:V 138/21:VI 115/22:VII 150/36: VIII 97/24:IX 134/40:X 130/37: XI 155/39.

PROTHORAX ( Fig. 66F–J View Fig ). Pronotum strongly convex in lateral view ( Fig. 65B View Fig ); anterior bead ( Fig. 66G View Fig ) not visible in dorsal view ( Fig. 66F View Fig ) due to its curvature; shining; punctures moderately coarse and sparse; pubescence moderately sparse. Posterior angle trespassing hypomeron and not reaching anapleural line, in lateral view ( Fig. 65G View Fig ). Prosternal process spinose ( Fig. 66H View Fig ). Notosternal suture slightly curved ( Fig. 66I View Fig ). Profurca slightly curved and tapering towards apex ( Fig. 66J View Fig ).

MESOTHORAX ( Fig. 67A–E View Fig ). Scutellum not visible in dorsal view ( Fig. 66F View Fig ); mesonotum strongly sclerotized ( Fig. 67A View Fig ); tip rounded. Mesanepisternum with finely punctate; pubescence moderately dense ( Fig. 67D View Fig ). Mesoventral lines straight ( Fig. 67B View Fig ); secondary lines curved ( Fig. 67D View Fig ). Mesoventral process with an apical ridge curved downwards in lateral view ( Fig. 67C View Fig ).

METATHORAX ( Fig. 67B–H View Fig ). Metaventrite shining, finely punctate, almost glabrous, and with coarse punctures near anapleural line ( Fig. 67D View Fig ) – sometimes absent ( Fig. 67E View Fig ); central region with imbricate microsculpture ( Fig. 67D View Fig ). Submesocoxal slightly sinuous, laterally, and connected at midline, forming a very acute angle; submesocoxal area with imbricate microsculpture; length: 0.07–0.09 mm ( Fig. 67B, D View Fig ). Metanepisternal suture impunctate, strongly marked, and straight; metanepisternum mostly covered by elytra ( Fig. 67C–E View Fig ). Metanotum with triangular and small alacrista; scutoscutellar suture laterally curved, trespassing apodeme ( Fig. 67F View Fig ). Stalk of metendosternite distinctly narrow anteriorly and widening towards arms ( Fig. 67G View Fig ).

WINGS ( Figs 65A–C View Fig , 67I–L View Fig ). Elytra with punctures moderately coarse and denser than pronotum. Sutural striae shortened, extending from the apex to approximately 0.80 of the elytral sutural length ( Fig. 66F View Fig ). Lateral striae fine, impunctate, and curved near humeral region ( Fig. 65B View Fig ).

LEGS ( Fig. 68A–F View Fig ). Meso- and metafemora and tibiae very elongate and slender; with imbricate microsculpture.

ABDOMEN. Ventral surface almost glabrous; posterior area of ventrite I, ventrites II–VI, with imbricate microsculpture ( Fig. 67D–E View Fig ). Pro- and pygidium with sparse pubescence and conspicuously microsculptured ( Fig. 68H View Fig ).

Males

Protarsomeres I–III widened, bearing tenent setae ( Fig. 68D View Fig ). Sternite VIII elongate, bearing a wide posterior projection ( Fig. 68I View Fig ). Tergite VIII narrow, with a small posterior projection ( Fig. 68J View Fig ). Tergite IX with ventral struts strongly curved ( Fig. 68K View Fig ). Sternite IX with laterals slightly curved ( Fig. 68L View Fig ). Tergite X triangular ( Fig. 68M View Fig ).

AEDEAGUS ( Fig. 69 View Fig ). Median lobe with basal bulb and apical lobe almost indistinct, just slightly curved in lateral view, and membranous. Apical lobe triangular, in frontal/dorsal view. Parameres bearing a curved and elongate posterior projection ( Fig. 69C, G View Fig ). Sclerite of internal sac J-shaped ( Fig. 69D, H View Fig ).

MEASUREMENTS (n =3, including holotype, unless otherwise specified; in mm; * =invariant). TL 2.18– 2.33 (2.25± 0.08), SY 0.27–0.30 (0.28 ± 0.02), HW 0.86–0.89 (0.88 ± 0.02), IS 0.33–0.43 (0.39 ± 0.05), WA 0.22–0.25 (0.24 ± 0.02), PL 0.84–1.00 (0.93 ± 0.08), PA 0.59–0.61 (0.60 ± 0.01), PB 1.02–1.20 (1.10 ± 0.09), EI 1.48–1.52 (1.49± 0.02), EL 1.58–1.68 (1.62± 0.05), EW 0.53–0.55 (0.54 ± 0.01), EH 0.70–0.78 (0.73± 0.05), MB 0.12–0.15 (0.14 ± 0.02), MC 0.11–0.16 (0.13± 0.02), MeW (n=1) 0.35, ML 0.07–0.09 (0.08± 0.01), VL 0.25–0.27 (0.26 ±0.01), VL2 0.43 *, PrF 0.59–0.63 (0.61 ±0.02), PrT

(n=2) 0.42–0.43 (0.43 ± 0.01), MsF 0.67–0.75 (0.70 ± 0.04), MsT 0.60–0.65 (0.62 ±0.03), MtF 0.72– 0.77 (0.75± 0.03), MtT 0.57–0.78 (0.68± 0.11).

Females ( Fig. 70 View Fig )

Ventrite VIII with a thin posterior projection ( Fig. 70A View Fig ). Tergite VIII with a small posterior projection ( Fig. 70B View Fig ). Distal gonocoxite very long, slightly tapering posteriorly; gonostylus elongate and slightly oblong ( Fig. 70D–E View Fig ).

MEASUREMENTS (n =1; in mm). TL 2.30, SY 0.30, HW 0.89, IS 0. 43, WA 0.25, PL 1.04, PA 0.63, PB 1.17, EI 1.56, EL 1.64, EW 0.52, EH 0.73, MB 0.14, MC 0.11, MeW 0.38, ML 0.07, VL 0.27, VL2 0.45, PrF 0.64, PrT 0.45, MsF 0.72, MsT 0.58, MtF 0.76, MtT 0.70.

Host

In Viçosa, collected from undetermined crust/resupinate fungi on logs.

Remarks

The sclerite of the internal sac is similar to the ones observed in T. scalenum sp. nov., T. inusitatum sp. nov., and T. ultimum sp. nov. However, this species can be easily distinguished by the following combination: the shortened hypomeron compared to pronotum, the strongly curved pronotum in lateral view, and the presence of posterior projections on the parameres.

Distribution

Mata do Paraíso, Universidade Federal de Viçosa, campus of Viçosa and from Araponga, state of Minas Gerais, Southeast Brazil ( Fig. 1A–B View Fig ).