Microsphecia brosiformis (Hübner, 1813)

Microsphecia brosiformis (Hübner, 1813) View in CoL ( Figs 1–19 View Figures 1–6 View Figures 7–12 View Figures 13–17 View Figures 18–19 )

‘[Sphinges, II] … Brosiformis .’ [Hübner 1813]: Hübner 1796–1838: pl. 25, fig. 116. Type locality: ‘… Czechoslovakia, Slovakia mer., Štúrovo, …’, designated by neotype (♂) ( Laštůvka 1985b: 187) .

= ‘ Zenodoxus dorsalis , n. sp. ’: Le Cerf 1914: 272, fig. 1. Type locality: ‘… Hadjin, …’ [= Turkey: Adana Province, Saimbeyli], designated by lectotype (♂) ( Špatenka 1992: 491).

Records for Crimea. Gorbunov & Efetov 1990: 86; Budashkin 2004: 342 ( Tinthia ); Budashkin 2006: 273 ( Tinthia ); Savchuk 2025; iNaturalist 2025.

Description. Males and females do not differ in the colouration of various parts of the body or wings, but females are generally somewhat larger and more robust than males. In addition, males have ciliate antennae, while females have filiform ones. The main sizes are as follows. Males: wingspan 8.8– 15.2 mm; body length 4.1–7.9 mm; forewing length 3.9–7.0 mm; length of antenna 2.9–4.4 mm. Females: wingspan 16.5–19.1 mm; body length 8.0– 9.5 mm; forewing length 7.3–8.4 mm; length of antenna 3.6–4.0 mm.

Head with proboscis undeveloped, in some specimens it is present, but light in colour and apparently non-functional; flagellum and scapus ocher; frons dark brown with light ocher scales laterally; vertex dark brown with several pale ocher scales; labial palpus ocher to light ocher with several brown scales; occipital fringe light ocher with several dark brown scales dorsally.

Thorax with patagium dark brown and several light brown and ocher scales; tegula dark brown with blue-violet sheen, with several light brown and light ocher scales at inner margin and light ocher scales at base of forewing; mesothorax dark brown with blue-violet sheen, with rare light brown scales, sometimes with admixture of light ocher and ocher scales; metathorax light brown, sometimes with admixture of dark brown and light ocher scales; thorax laterally dark brown with blue-violet sheen, with few light brown and ocher scales; posteriorly, both metepimeron and metameron dark brown with blue-violet sheen and few light ocher to ocher scales at hind coxae.

Legs with all coxae dark brown with blue-violet sheen; all femura, tibiae and tarsi covered with dark brown, brown, ocher and pale ocher scales in very variable proportions; spurs ocher.

Forewing opaque; dorsally dark brown with dark violet sheen, with dense admixture of brown and light brown scales medially and with three elongated ocher spots between veins R 5 –M 3; ventrally dark brown to brown with bronze sheen and with slightly smaller elongated ocher spots between veins R 5 –M 3; cilia brown to dark brown with bronze sheen.

Hindwing transparent, but distally of cross-vein densely covered with dark brown scales with bronze sheen; veins dark brown with bronze sheen; discal spot undeveloped; cilia brown to dark brown with bronze sheen, white anally.

Abdomen with tergite 1 ocher or light ocher; all other tergites vary from dark brown to light brown, often with small round ocher spot medially; ventrally dark brown with dark violet sheen and sometimes with slight admixture of brown scales; anal tuft very small, dark brown to light brown.

Male genitalia (genitalia preparation № OG–019-2021) ( Figs 13–16 View Figures 13–17 ). Uncus relatively thin, fingershaped, covered with setae of variable length, beak-shaped distally; tegumen triangular; tuba analis broad ( Fig. 13 View Figures 13–17 ); valva ( Fig. 14 View Figures 13–17 ) semi-elliptical, covered with setae of varying lengths; saccus ( Fig. 15 View Figures 13–17 ) broad, triangular, with pointed base, short, about as long as vinculum; aedeagus ( Fig. 16 View Figures 13–17 ) rather broad, straight, about 1.5 times as long as length of valva; vesica with numerous minute cornuti ( Fig. 16 View Figures 13–17 ).

Female genitalia (genitalia preparation № OG–010-2025) ( Fig. 17 View Figures 13–17 ). Papillae anales relatively broad, covered with short and long setae; tergite 8 broad with short and long setae ventrally and distally; lamella postvaginalis long and narrow; posterior apophysis slightly shorter than anterior apophysis; ostium bursae tube-shaped, membranous, situated on intersegmental membrane, relatively broad; antrum relatively broad, short, about as long as length of tergite 8, well-sclerotized; ductus bursae membranous, gradually transgressing into corpus bursae; corpus bursae oblong, with rounded group of strong spines forming signum at base of corpus bursae.

Differential diagnosis. This species differs very well from all species of Sesiidae of the Crimean Peninsula both in appearance and in the structure of the genitalia of the male and female. Old and poorly preserved specimens of M. brosiformis may be confused with similarly stale specimens of the genus Negotinthia O. Gorbunov, 2001 . But even in this state, these species are clearly distinguished by the colour of the hind tibia, forewing and abdomen, and very poor specimens are easily separated by the structure of the genitalia of both the male and female (cf. Figs 1–17 View Figures 1–6 View Figures 7–12 View Figures 13–17 in this article with figs 1–4, 9– 23, 26, 27 in Gorbunov 2019a or with figs 6–13 in Gorbunov & Efetov 2024).

Bionomics. We failed to find host plants of the larvae of this species on the Crimean Peninsula. In other parts of the range, in particular in Slovakia, larvae live in the roots of Convolvulus arvensis L. ( Convolvulaceae ) ( Laštůvka 1985a). It is very likely that other species of the genus Convolvulus are also host plants for larvae of this species ( Špatenka et al. 1996, 1999). Males of M. brosiformis were actively attracted to artificial female sex pheromones of many European species of the clearwing moths, but the most preferred attractants were of Synanthedon vespiformis (Linnaeus, 1761) and (as it was found in this investigation) of Pennisetia hylaeiformis (Laspeyres, 1801) . Males are active from about 8 a.m. to 4 p. m. local time. Moths fly from the end of June to mid-August, and perhaps even a little later.

Habitat. Roadsides, lawns, abandoned fields, wastelands and other seminatural or ruderal grassy biotopes with the obligatory presence of species of the genus Convolvulus , of which eight species have been recorded in Crimea ( Yena 2012).

Distribution. Relatively locally in Central ( Slovakia and Hungary), South-Eastern ( Croatia, Serbia, Bosnia and Herzegovina, Montenegro, Albania, Romania, Greece and the European part of Turkey) and Eastern Europe ( Ukraine), Western Asia ( Turkey, Syria, Israel, Iran), Transcaucasia ( Georgia, Armenia and Azerbaijan) and Central Asia ( Turkmenistan, Kazakhstan, Uzbekistan, Tajikistan and Kyrgyzstan). In Russia, this species is currently reliably known in the Republic of Crimea, Krasnodarskiy Kray, Volgograd and Orenburg Regions and the Republic of Bashkortostan. On the Crimean Peninsula ( Fig. 19 View Figures 18–19 ) M. brosiformis was found in 17 administrative-territorial units, viz. Kherson Region: Genichesk District; Republic of Crimea: Dzhankoy District, Chernomorskoye District, Saki District, Krasnogvardeyskoye District, Sovetskiy District, Simferopol’ District, Simferopol’, Belogorsk District, Kirovskoye District, Bakhchisaray District, Yalta, Alushta, Sudak, Feodosia, Lenino District; the city of Sevastopol’. In this publication we record this species for the city of Sevastopol’ and the Kherson region of Russia for the first time.

Material.

Kherson Region: 3 ♂♂, Genichesk District, Strelkovoye , 45°54.063′N, 34°52.548′E, 2 m, 05.VIII.2024, O. Gorbunov & K. Efetov leg.; Sesiidae pictures №№ 0033-0034–2025 ( COGM) GoogleMaps .

Republic of Crimea: 1 ♀ , Karadag ( ZMKU), 2 ♂♂, 3 ♀♀ , Simferopol’ , VII.1921 ( ZMKU); 1 ♀ , same locality, 9.VII.1921; Sesiidae pictures №№ 0037-0038–2025 ( COGM); 1 ♂ , same locality, 14.VII.1921 ( COGM); 1 ♀ , Chernomorskoye District, Tarkhankut Peninsula, vic. Znamenskoye, Belyaus , 25.VII.2001, S. Efetov leg. ( CKES); 1 ♂ , Alushta, Verkhnyaya Kutuzovka , 44°43.530′N, 034°22.667′E, 293 m, 18.VI.2012, O. Gorbunov & K. Efetov leg. ( COGM); 1 ♂ GoogleMaps , Simferopol’ District, vic. Skvortsovo , 50 m, 28.VI.2012, K. Efetov & P. Ruchko leg. ( CKES); 1 ♂ , Simferopol’ District, vic. Skvortsovo , 38 m, 28.VI.2012, K. Efetov & P. Ruchko leg. ( CKES); 1 ♂ , Simferopol’ , 250 m, 06.VII.2012, leg. K. Efetov’ ( SKES); 5 ♂♂ , Alushta, Verkhnyaya Kutuzovka , 283 m, 08.VII.2012, K. Efetov leg. ( SKES); 2 ♂♂ , Bakhchisaray District, vic. Skalistoye, Bakla , 21.VII.2012, K. Efetov leg. ( SKES); 1 ♂ , Sudak, Dachnoye , 44°53.999′N, 034°59.874′E, 105 m. GoogleMaps , 05.VII.2013, O. Gorbunov & K. Efetov leg.; Sesiidae pictures №№ 0099-0100–2013 ( COGM); 5 ♂♂ , Alushta, Verkhnyaya Kutuzovka , 44°43.530′N, 034°22.667′E, 293 m, 06.VII.2013, O. Gorbunov & K. Efetov leg.; Sesiidae pictures №№ 0087-0088–2013, 0091-0094–2013, 0097-0098–2013, 0101-0102–2013; 1 ♂ GoogleMaps with genitalia preparation № OG–019-2021 ( COGM); 1 ♂ , Dzhankoy District, Medvedevka , 45°54.510′N, 034°33.902′E, 2 m. GoogleMaps , 13.VII.2013, O. Gorbunov & K. Efetov leg.; Sesiidae pictures №№ 0103-0104–2013 ( COGM); 2 ♂♂ , Belogorsk District, 2.8 km NW Kurskoye, Bor-Kaya , 170 m, 18.VII.2013, K. Efetov leg. ( SKES); 12 ♂♂ , same locality, 21.VII.2013, K. Efetov leg. ( SKES); 1 ♂ , Simferopol’, Medical University , 235 m, 25.VII.2013, K. Efetov leg. ( SKES); 4 ♂♂ , same locality, 08.VIII.2013, K. Efetov leg.( SKES); 1 ♂ , Sudak, Dachnoye , 100 m. , 23.VI.2014, K. Efetov leg. ( SKES); 1 ♂ , same locality, 3.VII.2014, K. Efetov leg. ( SKES); 1 ♂ , same locality, 10.VII.2014, K. Efetov leg. ( SKES); 1 ♂ , Belogorsk District, 2.8 km NW Kurskoye, Bor-Kaya , 173 m, 03.VII.2014, K. Efetov leg. ( SKES); 2 ♂♂ , same locality, 10.VII.2014, K. Efetov leg. ( SKES); 5 ♂♂ , Alushta, Luchistoye , 376 m, 5.VII.2014, K. Efetov leg. ( CKES); 1 ♂ , same locality, 12.VII.2015, K. Efetov leg. ( CKES); 1 ♂ , Sudak, Vesyoloye, Chatal-Kaya , 22.VII.2015, K. Efetov leg. ( CKES); 3 ♂♂ , Alushta, Luchistoye , 07.VIII.2015, K. Efetov leg. ( CKES); 1 ♂ , Belogorsk District, 2.8 km NW Kurskoye, Bor-Kaya , 45°03.152′N, 034°55.154′E, 177 m, 07.VII.2016, O. Gorbunov & K. Efetov leg.; Sesiidae pictures №№ 0313-0314–2016 ( COGM); 4 ♂♂ GoogleMaps , Alushta, Verkhnyaya Kutuzovka , 45°43.621′N, 034°22.992′E, 240 m, 08.VII.2016, O. Gorbunov leg.; Sesiidae pictures №№ 0321-0324–2016 ( COGM); 1 ♂ GoogleMaps , Simferopol’ District, Krasnoles’ye , 44°49.618′N, 034°13.105′E, 511 m, 12.VII.2016, O. Gorbunov & K. Efetov leg. ( COGM); 2 ♂♂ GoogleMaps , Sudak, Vesyoloye, Chatal-Kaya , 44°52.317′N, 034°53.025′E, 290 m, 14.VII.2016, O. Gorbunov & K. Efetov leg. ( COGM); 4 ♂♂ GoogleMaps , Bakhchisaray District, 2 km W, Novopavlovka , 44°48.955′N, 033°56.785′E, 194 m, 16.VII.2016, O. Gorbunov & K. Efetov leg. ( COGM); 4 ♂♂ GoogleMaps , Simferopol’, Medical Academy , 44°57.784′N, 033°05.329′E, 232 m, 20.VII.2016, O. Gorbunov & K. Efetov leg. ( COGM); 3 ♂♂ GoogleMaps , Alushta, Luchistoye , 44°43.592′N, 034°25.532′E, 361 m, 20.VII.2016, O. Gorbunov & K. Efetov leg. ( COGM); 3 ♂♂ GoogleMaps , Alushta, Semidvor’ye , 44°43.573′N, 034°26.915′E, 167 m, 20.VII.2016, O. Gorbunov & K. Efetov leg. ( COGM); 1 ♂ GoogleMaps , Kirovskoye District, vic. Otvazhnoye , 4.VIII.2016, K. Efetov leg. ( CKES); 6 ♂♂ , Alushta, Luchistoye , 44°43.64′N, 034°25.55′E, 367 m, 05.VII.2017, O. Gorbunov & K. Efetov leg.; Sesiidae pictures №№ 0163-0164–2017, 0185-0188–2017 ( COGM); 2 ♂♂ GoogleMaps , Sudak, Vesyoloye, Chatal-Kaya , 44°52.354′N, 034°53.015′E, 314 m, 08.VII.2017, O. Gorbunov & K. Efetov leg. ( COGM); 1 ♂ GoogleMaps , Belogorsk District, 5 km W of Belogorsk , 45°03.95′N, 034°30.06′E, 315 m, 25.VI.2018, O. Gorbunov & K. Efetov leg.; Sesiidae pictures №№ 0487-0488–2018 ( COGM); 4 ♂♂ GoogleMaps , Sovetskiy District, Razdol’noye , 45°21.503′N, 034°50.865′E, 22 m, 14.VII.2019, O. Gorbunov & K. Efetov leg.; Sesiidae pictures №№ 0317-0318–2019 ( COGM); 1 ♂ GoogleMaps , Belogorsk District, 1 km NEN of Golovanovka , 45°03.911′N, 034°30.148′E, 268 m, 17.VII.2019, O. Gorbunov & K. Efetov leg. ( COGM); 2 ♂♂ GoogleMaps , Bakhchisaray District, 1.3 km SE of Sevast’yanovka , 44°48.955′N, 033°56.791′E, 194 m, 21.VII.2019, O. Gorbunov & K. Efetov leg. ( COGM); 1 ♀ GoogleMaps , Belogorsk District, 2.6 km S of Aromatnoye , 45°00.809′N, 034°23.981′E, 346 m, 22.VII.2019, O. Gorbunov & K. Efetov leg.; Sesiidae pictures №№ 0039-0040–2025; genitalia preparation № OG–010-2025 ( COGM); 1 ♂ GoogleMaps , Sovetskiy District, Razdol’noye , 45°21.146′N, 034°50.486′E, 21 m, 22.VII.2019, O. Gorbunov & K. Efetov leg. ( COGM); 1 ♂ GoogleMaps , Saki District, Ivanovka , 45°03.745′N, 033°39.274′E, 8 m, 11.VII.2020, O. Gorbunov & K. Efetov leg.; Sesiidae pictures №№ 0209-0210–2020 ( COGM); 1 ♂ GoogleMaps , Belogorsk District, Topolyovka , 11.VIII.2022, K. Efetov leg. ( SKES); 1 ♂ , Bakhchisaray District, Krasnyy Mak , 150 m, 19.VI.2024 (in sticky trap with sex attractant for the males of T. tipuliformis ‘Schelkovo Agrohim’), K. Efetov leg. ( SKES); 3 ♂♂ Krasnogvardeyskoye District, Klepinino , 21.VII.2024 K. Efetov & M. Efetov observed; 1 ♂ , Lenino District, Yachmennoye , 45°11.884′N, 35°32.297′E, 40 m, 03.VIII.2024, O. Gorbunov & K. Efetov leg. ( COGM); 3 ♂♂ GoogleMaps , Simferopol’ District, Mramornoye , 44°49.644′N, 34°15.519′E, 490 m, 04.VIII.2024, O. Gorbunov & K. Efetov leg. ( COGM); 1 ♂ GoogleMaps , Simferopol’ District, Krasnoles’ye , 44°49.884′N, 34°13.619′E, 425 m, 04.VIII.2024, O. Gorbunov & K. Efetov leg. ( COGM); 1 ♂ GoogleMaps , Simferopol’ District, Kizilovoye , 44°48.957′N, 34°2.346′E, 290 m. GoogleMaps , 04.VIII.2024, O. Gorbunov & K. Efetov leg. ( COGM); 3 ♂♂ , Simferopol’ District, Trudovoye, Polis , 45°1.466′N, 34°11.402′E, 282 m, 04.VIII.2024, O. Gorbunov & K. Efetov leg.; Sesiidae pictures №№ 0035-0036–2025 ( COGM); 1 ♂ GoogleMaps , Dzhankoy District, Blizhnegorodskoye , 45°38.204′N, 34°22.404′E, 21 m, 05.VIII.2024, O. Gorbunov & K. Efetov leg. ( COGM); 1 ♂ GoogleMaps , Bakhchisaray District, Krasnyy Mak , 150 m, 7.VIII.2024 (in sticky trap with sex attractant for the males of P. hylaeiformis ‘Schelkovo Agrohim’), K. Efetov leg.( SKES); 10 ♂♂ , Simferopol’ District, Kizilovoye , 290 m, 7.VIII.2024 (in sticky trap with sex attractant for the males of P. hylaeiformis ‘Schelkovo Agrohim’), K. Efetov leg. ( SKES); 1 ♂ , Belogorsk District, Kurskoye, Bor-Kaya , 45°3.173′N, 34°55.180′E, 174 m, 08.VIII.2024, O. Gorbunov & K. Efetov leg. ( COGM); 2 ♂♂ GoogleMaps , Lenino District, Bagerovo , 45°23.022′N, 36°18.322′E, 104 m, 09.VIII.2024, O. Gorbunov & K. Efetov leg. ( COGM); 1 ♂ GoogleMaps , Simferopol’, Medical Institute , 44°57.707′N, 34°5.345′E, 234 m, 10.VIII.2024, O. Gorbunov & K. Efetov leg. ( COGM); 57 ♂♂ GoogleMaps , Bakhchisaray District, Krasnyy Mak , 150 m, 15.VIII.2024 (in sticky trap with sex attractant for the males of P. hylaeiformis ‘Schelkovo Agrohim’), K. Efetov & A. Efetova leg. ( SKES); 32 ♂♂ , Simferopol’ District, Kizilovoye , 290 m, 15.VIII.2024 (in sticky trap with sex attractant for the males of P. hylaeiformis ‘Schelkovo Agrohim’), K. Efetov & A. Efetova leg. ( SKES); 19 ♂♂ , Simferopol’ District, vic. Fontany, Lesnoye , 44°51.954′N, 34°5.349′E, 396 m, 16.VIII.2024 (in sticky trap with sex attractant for the males of P. hylaeiformis ‘Schelkovo Agrohim’), E. Litvin leg. ( SKES) GoogleMaps .

City of Sevastopol’: 1 ♂, Nakhimovskiy District, Frontovoye , 100 m, 11.VII.2012, K. Efetov & P. Ruchko leg. ( SKES) ; 11 ♂♂, Nakhimovskiy District, Verkhnesadovoye , 44°40.772′N, 033°41.822′E, 86 m, 11.VII.2016, O. Gorbunov leg. ( COGM) GoogleMaps ; 4 ♂♂, Nakhimovskiy District, Frontovoye , 44°40.316′N, 033°43.344′E, 119 m, 16.VII.2016, O. Gorbunov & K. Efetov leg. ( COGM) GoogleMaps ; 2 ♂♂, Nakhimovskiy District, Frontovoye , 44°40.516′N, 033°43.417′E, 111 m, 16.VII.2016, O. Gorbunov & K. Efetov leg. ( COGM) GoogleMaps ; 1 ♂, Nakhimovskiy District, Mekenziyevy Gory , 44°39.334′N, 033°35.472′E, 91 m, 16.VII.2016, O. Gorbunov & K. Efetov leg.; Sesiidae pictures №№ 0349-0350–2016 ( COGM) GoogleMaps ; 5 ♂♂, Nakhimovskiy District, Lyubimovka , 44°39.328′N, 033°33.310′E, 20 m, 21.VII.2019, O. Gorbunov & K. Efetov leg.; Sesiidae pictures №№ 0319-0322–2019 ( COGM, SKES) GoogleMaps ; 2 ♂♂, Balaklavskiy District, Flotskoye , 44°30.394′N, 33°33.608′E, 198 m, 07.VIII.2024, O. Gorbunov & K. Efetov leg.; Sesiidae pictures №№ 0031-0032–2025 ( COGM) GoogleMaps ; 2 ♂♂, Balaklavskiy District, Flotskoye , 44°31.042′N, 33°33.511′E, 187 m, 07.VIII.2024, O. Gorbunov & K. Efetov leg. ( COGM) GoogleMaps ; 1 ♂, Nakhimovskiy District, Lyubimovka , 44°39.322′N, 33°33.270′E, 14 m, 07.VIII.2024, O. Gorbunov & K. Efetov leg. ( COGM) GoogleMaps .

Acknowledgements

We would like to express our heartfelt gratitude to Mrs Anna K. Efetova (Potapova), Dr Sergey K. Efetov (Moscow, Russia), Mr Mikhail S. Efetov (Moscow, Russia), Dr Elena E. Kucherenko (Simferopol, Russia), Mrs Ekaterina A. Litvin (Simferopol, Russia), Mrs Olga A. Mitrokhina (Simferopol, Russia) and Mr Pavel V. Ruchko (Kerch’, Russia) for their assistance in collecting material of clearwing moths. We are also grateful to Dr Aleksey Yu. Matov and Dr Sergey Yu. Sinev (St. Petersburg, Russia), and Mr Igor Yu. Kostyuk (Kiev, Ukraine) for the opportunity to work with the collection of the Zoological Institute of the Russian Academy of Sciences and the Zoological Museum of Taras Shevchenko National University of Kiev, respectively. Many thanks to Prof. Dr Andrey V. Yena (Simferopol, Russia) for his help in determining the host plants of the Crimean Sesiidae and Prof. Dr Gerhard M. Tarmann (Innsbruck, Austria) for the constructive discussion and the substantial contribution which improved this paper a lot. We are also indebted to Dr Anatoly V. Krupitsky (Moscow, Russia) for carefully checking the English of an advanced draft.

The study was conducted using the equipments of the Electron Microscopy Room of the A.N. Severtsov Institute of Ecology and Evolution, Russian Academy of Sciences (Moscow, Russia).

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Efetov, K.A., Hofmann, A. & Tarmann, G.M. (2014 a). Application of two molecular approaches (use of sex attractants and DNA barcoding) allowed to rediscover Zygaenoprocris eberti (Alberti, 1968) (Lepidoptera, Zygaenidae, Procridinae), hitherto known only from the female holotype. Nota lepidopterologica, 37 (2), 151–160. https://doi.org/10.3897/nl.37.7871

Efetov, K.A., Kirsanova, A.V., Lazareva, Z.S., Parshkova, E.V., Tarmann, G.M., Rougerie, R. & Hebert, P.D.N. (2019 a) DNA barcoding of Zygaenidae (Lepidoptera): results and perspectives. Nota lepidopterologica, 42 (2), 137–150. https://doi.org/10.3897/nl.42.33190

Efetov, K.A. & Knyazev, S.A. (2014) New records of Jordanita (Roccia) volgensis (Möschler, 1862) (Lepidoptera: Zygaenidae, Procridinae) from Siberia (Russia) and Ukraine. Entomologist’s Gazette, 65 (3), 175–178.

Efetov, K.A., Knyazev, S.A. & Kucherenko, E.E. (2022) The first record of Jordanita (Solaniterna) subsolana (Staudinger, 1862) from Kazakhstan (Lepidoptera: Zygaenidae, Procridinae). SHILAP Revista de lepidopterología, 50 (198), 233–239. https://doi.org/10.57065/shilap.127

Efetov, K.A., Knyazev, S.A. & Kucherenko, E.E. (2024) New results of testing the attractant EFETOV- 2 in the Far East of Russia, Siberia and South Africa. Ecologica Montenegrina, 71, 323–332.

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Efetov, K.A., Koshio, C. & Kucherenko, E.E. (2018) A new synthetic sex attractant for males of Illiberis (Primilliberis) pruni Dyar, 1905 (Lepidoptera: Zygaenidae, Procridinae). SHILAP Revista de lepidopterología, 46 (182), 263–270. https://doi.org/10.57065/shilap.817

Efetov, K.A. & Kucherenko, E.E. (2020) Structural analysis of sex pheromones and attractants in Zygaenidae (Insecta, Lepidoptera): biochemical and evolutionary aspects. Journal of Evolutionary Biochemistry and Physiology, 56 (5), 381–395.

https://doi.org/10.1134/S0022093020050014

Efetov, K.A. & Kucherenko, E.E. (2021) Enantiomers of 2-butyl dodec-2-enoate as sex attractants. Russian Journal of Bioorganic Chemistry, 47 (5), 1043–1050.

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Efetov, K.A., Kucherenko, E.E., Ivanovskaya, A.V. & Baevsky, M.Y. (2023) Synthesis and field testing of esters of (2 R)-butan-2-ol and (2 S)-butan-2-ol and monounsaturated fatty acids as sex attractants for the males of Procridinae species (Lepidoptera: Zygaenidae). SHILAP Revista de Lepidopterología, 51 (202), 375–384. https://doi.org/10.57065/shilap.474

Efetov, K.A., Kucherenko, E.E., Parshkova, E.V. & Tarmann, G.M. (2016) 2- butyl 2-dodecenoate, a new sex attractant for Jordanita (Tremewania) notata (Zeller, 1847) and some other Procridinae species (Lepidoptera: Zygaenidae). SHILAP Revista de lepidopterología, 44 (175), 519–527.

Efetov, K.A., Kucherenko, E.E. & Tarmann, G.M. (2019 b) New synthetic sex attractants for the males of two endemic Iberian Procridinae species (Lepidoptera: Zygaenidae). SHILAP Revista de lepidopterología, 47 (186), 307–315. https://doi.org/10.57065/shilap.771

Efetov, K.A., Kucherenko, E.E. & Tarmann, G.M. (2020) An application of the synthetic sex attractants from the series “EFETOV-2” for studying Procridinae in Italy (Lepidoptera: Zygaenidae). SHILAP Revista de lepidopterología, 48 (192), 733–749. https://doi.org/10.57065/shilap.351

Efetov, K.A., Parshkova, E.V., Baevsky, M.Y. & Poddubov, A.I. (2014 b) Sec -butyl ester of dodecenoate: synthesis and attractive properties. The Ukrainian Biochemical Journal (Ukrainskyi biokhimichnyi Zhurnal), 86 (6), 175–182 [in Russian].

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Efetov, K.A., Parshkova, E.V. & Koshio, C. (2004) The karyotype of Illiberis (Primilliberis) rotundata Jordan, [1907] (Lepidoptera: Zygaenidae, Procridinae). Entomologist’s Gazette, 55 (3), 167– 170.

Efetov, K.A., Parshkova, E.V., Tarasova, L.G. & Tarmann, G.M. (2015 a) The karyotypes of Procridinae (Lepidoptera: Zygaenidae), with the first record of the karyotype of Pollanisus commoni Tarmann, 2004, a representative of the tribe Artonini. Entomologist’s Gazette, 66 (2), 121–125.

Efetov, K.A. & Savchuk, V.V. (2009) The first record of Jordanita (Roccia) volgensis (Möschler, 1862) (Lepidoptera: Zygaenidae, Procridinae) from the Crimea. Entomologist’s Gazette, 60 (3), 155– 158.

Efetov, K.A., Subchev, M.A., Toshova, T.B. & Kiselev, V.M. (2011 a) Attraction of Zygaenoprocris taftana (Alberti, 1939) and Jordanita horni (Alberti, 1937) (Lepidoptera: Zygaenidae, Procridinae) by synthetic sex pheromones in Armenia. Entomologist’s Gazette, 62 (2), 113–121.

Efetov, K.A. & Tarmann, G.M. (1999) On the systematic position of Procris fusca Leech, [1889] (Lepidoptera: Zygaenidae, Procridinae). Entomologist’s Gazette, 50 (3), 163–168.

Efetov, K.A. & Tarmann, G.M. (2014) A new European species, Adscita dujardini sp. nov. (Lepidoptera: Zygaenidae, Procridinae), confirmed by DNA analysis. Entomologist’s Gazette, 65 (3), 179–200.

Efetov, K.A. & Tarmann, G.M. (2016) A new Illiberis species: I. (Alterasvenia) kislovskyi (Lepidoptera: Zygaenidae, Procridinae) from Myanmar. Entomologist’s Gazette, 67 (2), 137–142.

Efetov, K.A. & Tarmann, G.M. (2017) Thibetana keili Efetov & Tarmann, a new species of the genus Thibetana Efetov & Tarmann, 1995, from Tibet (Lepidoptera: Zygaenidae, Procridinae, Artonini). SHILAP Revista de lepidopterología, 45 (180), 581–587.

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Efetov, K.A., Tarmann, G.M. & Parshkova, E.V. (2019c) “ Ino Budensis var. Mollis ” Grum-Grshimailo, 1893 (Lepidoptera: Zygaenidae) from Eastern Asia recognized as a valid species on the base of morphological and molecular analysis. Zootaxa, 4619 (3), 518–526.

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Efetov, K.A., Tarmann, G.M., Toshova, T.B. & Subchev, M.A. (2015 b) Enantiomers of 2-butyl 7 Z - dodecenoate are sex attractants for males of Adscita mannii (Lederer, 1853), A. geryon (Hübner, 1813), and Jordanita notata (Zeller, 1847) (Lepidoptera: Zygaenidae, Procridinae) in Italy. Nota lepidopterologica, 38 (2), 161–169. https://doi.org/10.3897/nl.38.6312

Efetov, K.A., Tarmann, G.M. & Tremewan, W.G. (2011 b) Zygaena nevadensis Rambur, 1858 (Lepidoptera: Zygaenidae, Zygaeninae) newly recorded from the southern tip of the Penisola Appenninica (Apennine Peninsula), Italy. Entomologist’s Gazette, 62 (2), 123–129.

Gorbunov, O.G. (1988) A new clearwing moth species and genus (Lepidoptera, Sesiidae) of the subfamily Tinthiinae from the Maritime Province. Doklady vysshey Shkoly. Biologicheskiye Nauki, 1988 (7), 45–47 [in Russian].

Gorbunov, O.G. (2015) Contributions to the study of the Ethiopian Lepidoptera. I. The genus Melittia Hübner, 1819 [“1816”] with description of a new species. Zootaxa, 4033 (4), 543–554.

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Gorbunov, O.G. (2016) Nokona mahawu sp. n., a new clearwing moth species (Lepidoptera, Sesiidae) from North Sulawesi, Indonesia. Russian entomological Journal, 25 (2), 161–165.

Gorbunov, O.G. (2017) On the taxonomy and morphology of Leuthneria ruficincta (Lepidoptera, Sesiidae). Zootaxa, 4244 (1), 127–136. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4244.1.7

Gorbunov, O.G. (2018 a) New data on the clearwing moth fauna of the Altai Mountains, Russia, with the description of two new species (Lepidoptera, Sesiidae). Zootaxa, 4425 (2), 263–282.

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Gorbunov, O.G. (2018 b) A new species of the genus Taikona Arita et O. Gorbunov, 2001 from the Malay Peninsula (Lepidoptera, Sesiidae). Russian Entomological Journal, 27 (3), 293–296.

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Gorbunov, O.G. (2018 c) A new genus and species of clearwing moth (Lepidoptera, Sesiidae) from Ethiopia. Zootaxa, 4497 (4), 492–500. https://doi.org/10.11646/zootaxa.4497.4.2

Gorbunov, O.G. (2019 a) A new species of the genus Negotinthia O. Gorbunov, 2001 (Lepidoptera: Sesiidae) from Crimea, with remarks on the genus. Russian Entomological Journal, 28 (3), 303– 311. https://doi.org/10.15298/rusentj.28.3.09

Gorbunov, O.G. (2019 b) Two new species of the genus Chamaesphecia Spuler, 1910 (Lepidoptera: Sesiidae), with remarks on the genus. Russian Entomological Journal, 28 (4), 437–457.

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Gorbunov, O.G. (2022 a) A new species of the genus Tyrictaca Walker, 1862 (Lepidoptera: Sesiidae) from West Malaysia with a catalogue of the genus. Zootaxa, 5104 (1), 125–136.

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Gorbunov, O.G. (2022 b) New data on clearwing moths (Lepidoptera: Sesiidae) of Sakhalin island. Far Eastern Entomologist, 449, 21–28. https://doi.org/10.25221/fee.449.4

Gorbunov, O.G. (2022 c) A new species of the genus Scoliokona Kallies et Arita, 1998 (Lepidoptera: Sesiidae) from Halmahera, Indonesia. Russian Entomological Journal, 31 (2), 182–187.

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Gorbunov, O.G. (2022 d) To the morphology of little-known Pseudosesia lecerfi (Hampson, 1919) (Lepidoptera: Sesiidae). Russian Entomological Journal, 31 (3), 286–292.

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Gorbunov, O.G. (2023) A new species of the genus Macrotarsipodes Le Cerf, 1916 (Lepidoptera: Sesiidae) from Ethiopia. Invertebrate zoology, 20 (4), 461–466.

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