Taeniogonalos sauteri Bischoff, 1913

Taeniogonalos sauteri Bischoff, 1913

Sa-u-teo-gal-go-ri-beol (new Korean name) ( Fig. 3A - D View Fig ) Taeniogonalos sauteri Bischoff, 1913: 153 , ♀ (holotype),

Taiwan: Hoozan [Zoologisches Museum, Humboldt

Universität, Berlin, Germany].

Diagnosis. The females of this species are easily distinguished from the other Korean species by the apicomedian armature of S2 that forms a triangular or semicircular lamina directed backwards, and by the presence of reddish-orange markings on the scutellum. According to the sole male specimen described herein for the first time, the body coloration is much paler than in female (female vivid yellow), but its pattern is similar.

Description. Female. Body length 4.5 - 9 mm, forewing length 4.2 - 8.5 mm.

Head. SAEs yellow, with broad translucent apical lamella; in dorsal view, DSAE 0.33 × as long as distance between eyes at level of SAE. Occipital carina narrow in its entire length. Frons, vertex, temple, and gena anteriorly punctate-reticulate; flat face of mandible (except basal densely punctate vertical face), supraclypeal area, and clypeus shiny, with sparse to moderate punctures that are much smaller than those on frons; gena posteriorly and occiput shiny, with tiny sparse punctures; areas around ocelli smooth.

Mesosoma. Notauli not interrupted by transverse keels, at most a few bottom keels apically. Mesoscutum strongly, irregularly reticulate, reticulae particularly appearing to be transversely ridged in its median lobe; scutellar disc strongly, irregularly reticulate; propleuron, pronotal side densely punctate; anterior half of mesopleuron strongly, irregularly reticulate, posterior half shiny, scarcely with sparse punctures; anterior two-third of ventral mesopleuron densely punctate (sometimes partially forming sinuous linear vertical ridges), posterior half of mesopleuron shiny, scarcely with sparse tiny punctures; metapleuron largely shiny, mostly with sparse tiny punctures; propodeum mostly irregularly reticulate, dorsoanteriorly with dense oblique ridges and a small median smooth area, posterior marginal area (posterodorsal declivity above foramen) largely smooth.

Metasoma. T1 0.55 × as broad as T2. T2 without medi- an longitudinal depression. S1 1.3 × as broad as long. S2, in profile, not evenly convex, weakly sloped anteriorly and almost straight posterior half. T1 smooth; S1 moderately punctate; remaining metasoma punctate-reticulate, but S2 densely punctate apicomedially.

Coloration. Body extensively pale yellow to deep yellow in the following parts/markings: mandible except apical teeth, clypeus except median broad black line, lower frons, triangular spot anterior to anterior ocellus, transverse stripes lateral to posterior ocellus that are continuous to inner orbital markings, outer orbit, posterior transverse band of vertex anteriorly with two pairs of longitudinal stripes extending toward ocelli and originating submesally (forming V-like marking, and shortly separated or connecting to upper frontal marking lateral to posterior ocelli) and laterally that are separated from or connecting to genal bands, pronotal neck, pronotal dorsum and upper margin of pronotal side, lateral margins of median lobe of mesoscutum, tegula, axillae, lateral margins of scutellum (in a specimen, entire scutellum colored), metanotum, paired spots on propodeal declivity, inner faces of all coxae, all trochanters and trochantellus, all femora both basally and apically, fore tibia except inner darkened face, basal outer faces of mid and hind tibiae, apical bands of T1 - 3 (that on T2 expanded sublaterally, and that on T3 narrower linear), paired larger triangular markings on T4 - 5, almost entire T6 except darkened rectangular marking medially, apical band of S1, spots of S2 laterally. Antennae mostly reddish brown.

Male (based on sole specimen). Body length 5.6 mm, forewing length 5.3 mm.

Head. Antenna 22 segmented. In dorsal view, DSAE 0.37 × as long as distance between eyes. Occipital carina narrow in its entire length. Frons, vertex, temple, and gena anteriorly densely punctate (almost appearing to be punctate-reticulate); apical half of mandible and clypeus shiny, with sparse to moderate tiny punctures; gena posteriorly and occiput shiny, with tiny sparse punctures; areas around ocelli smooth.

Mesosoma. Notauli not interrupted by transverse keels, at most with a few bottom keels apically. Mesoscutum and scutellar disc strongly, irregularly reticulate; anterior half of mesopleuron reticulate (reticulae more regular and weaker than those on mesocutum), posterior half shiny scarcely with sparse punctures; propleuron with sparse tiny punctures; pronotal side densely punctate; larger median flat area of ventral mesopleuron densely punctate posteriorly with linear vertical ridges, remaining anterior and posterior declivities shiny with sparse tiny punctures; metapleuron largely shiny, mostly with sparse tiny punctures; propodeum mostly irregularly reticulate with oblique ridges dorsolaterally, dorsomesial and posterior area around foramen smooth.

Metasoma. T1 0.45 × as broad as T2. T2 without median longitudinal depression prolonged from the broad basal depression. S1 1.60 × as broad as long. Apical half of S2 slightly concave medially. T1 smooth; S1 moderately punctate; T2 - 6 punctate-reticulate, but S2 - 3 densely punctate.

Coloration. Following parts/markings pale yellow to yellow: mandible except apical teeth, paired large rectangular markings on clypeus, lower frons, triangular spot anterior to anterior ocellus, transverse stripes lateral to posterior ocellus that are almost interrupted in its midlength, outer orbit, posterior transverse band of vertex anteriorly with two pairs of longitudinal stripes extending toward ocelli and originating submesally (forming V-like marking, and much separated from upper frontal marking lateral to posterior ocelli) and laterally that are connecting to genal band, pronotal neck, pronotal dorsum, lateral margins of median lobe of mesoscutum, tegula, axillae, posterolateral spots on scutellar disk, metanotum, paired small spots on propodeal declivity, apical bands of T1 - 3 (that on T2 expanded sublaterally and narrowly tinged with reddish brown anteriorly, that on T3 narrow- er linear), triangular markings on T4 - 5 (that on T4 much smaller than that on T5), T6 except median triangular darkened marking, narrow apical bands of S1 - 3. Antennae reddish brown and darkened toward apical segments. Coxa, trochanter and femora largely reddish brown to brownish black except pale yellow to yellow in areas of articulations and trochantellus; tibiae and tarsi mostly yellowish brown.

Tyloids in F8 - 14, those on F8 - 12 lengthened in longer mid parts except basally and apically, that on F 13 in basal half, and that on F14 subbasal dot-like.

Biology. Clearly a rarely collected species in Korea. Adults , of small to medium size, have been collected from June to late September, in semi-open areas of forest- ed areas. One female collected in late September survived four days in captivity and laid eggs plentifully. Another female was observed ovipositing on the large leaves of a young seeding of Quercus dentata , on the edge of a trail, 70 cm above the ground .

PT has obtained a small-sized female of T. sauteri from a Miltogramminae pupa found in an empty nest of the potter wasp Oreumenes decoratus . This species of unidentified Miltogrammine is probably the same as described above for T. formosasa , and the biology is also very similar. The succession of events can be reconstruct- ed as follows: in fall, a contaminated moth larva is hunted and brought to the nest; the nest then becomes infested by the kleptoparasitic fly larvae, who devour the whole contents; one of the larva gets contaminated (probably by ingesting the minute Trigonalid larva); the Trigonalid devours the fly larva in the puparium; in spring, the Trigonalid emerges at the same time as the other flies.

As discussed under T. formosana , there is no doubt that in this case the Miltogramminae fly was the secondary host of T. sauteri , but the occurrence of this species in a potter wasp nest is probably accidental.

Beside Miltogramminae flies, this species can also use a parasitic wasp as a secondary host. In China T. sauteri was reared from the Braconid Phanerotoma flava Ashmead, 1906 , parasitoid of the Pyralid moth Locastra muscosalis (Walker) ( He, 2004) , both species also found in South Korea.

Breeding records. South Korea ·[CB] ♀, Woljeon-ri, Gunseo-myeon, Okcheon, emerged iv 2022 from a Miltogramminae pupa in a 2-cells-nest of Oreumenes decoratus nest containing 12 Miltogramminae pupae.

Materials examined. South Korea ·[ GG] ♀, Cheonghak-ri , Byeollnae-myeon, Namyangju-si (37°42 ʹ 24.7 ʺ N 127°07 ʹ 43.9 ʺ E), 30 vi - 20 vii 2019 (Malaise trap) ( MG Paik) [ CB] GoogleMaps ♀, Giotong-ri , Okcheon-eup, Okcheon-gun (N 36° 19.85 ʹ, E 127° 35.707 ʹ), 29 vi 2021, ovipositing on Quercus dentata (P Tripotin) [ CN] GoogleMaps ♀, Songnae-ri , Maseo-myeon, Seocheon-gun (36°01 ʹ 47.21 ʺ N 126°43 ʹ 35.77 ʺ E), 22 v - 6 vi 2017 (Malaise trap) ( OC Kwon) GoogleMaps ; ♀, same locality, 14 v - 7 vi 2018 (Malaise trap) ( OC Kwon) GoogleMaps ; ♀, same locality, 2 - 9 vi 2019 (Malaise trap) ( OC Kwon) [ GN] GoogleMaps ♂, Munsusa , Songjeon-ri, Hamyang (N 35° 24.739 ʹ, E 127° 43.818 ʹ), 9 vii - 17 viii 2005 (Malaise trap in forested area) (P Tripotin) [ GB] GoogleMaps ♀, Dodeok-ri , Angye-myeon, Uiseong-gun (36°25 ʹ 49.02 ʺ N 128°27 ʹ 35.7 ʺ E), 19 vii - 1 viii 2017 (Malaise trap) ( OC Kwon) [ DJ] GoogleMaps ♀, Posoksa , Nami-myeon, Geumsan-gun, 18 ix 1998 (P Tripotin) ; ♀, same locality, 23 ix 2001 (dead on 27 ix 2001 after oviposition) (P Tripotin) [ DJ] 3♀♀, Changdong , Daedok-gu, 19 vi - 24 vii 2007 (Malaise trap set on tombs and gardens on small forested hills) (P Tripotin) .

Distribution. Korea (GG, CN, GB; new record), China (Anhui, Fujian, Guangdong, Guangxi, Guizhou, Hainan, Henan, Hunan, Jilin, Liaoning, Shaanxi, Zhejiang), Russian Far East (Primorskii Krai), Japan (Honshu, Kyushu, Ryukyus), Taiwan.