Portschinskia magnifica, PLESKE, 1926

PORTSCHINSKIA MAGNIFICA PLESKE, 1926 View in CoL

Portschinskia magnifica Pleske, 1926: 223 View in CoL . Type locality: Russia: Primorsky Kray, Sedanka, near Vladivostock (as ‘ Sedanka, non loin de Wladiwostok, prov. Littorale, Siberia orient’).

Portschinskia luliangensis Xue, Wang & Wu View in CoL in Xue & Wang, 1996: 2233, synon. nov. Type locality: China: Shanxi, Jiaocheng County, Pangquangou Nature Reserve .

Portschinskia magnifica View in CoL : Grunin (1965: 55); Zumpt (1965: 190); Soós & Minář (1986: 246); Colwell et al. (2006: 262); Zhang et al. (2012); Yang & Zhang (2014).

Diagnosis: Hair-like setae on presutural area of scutum and postpronotal lobe mainly black, ornamented with very few yellow hairs, or with the setae black basally and yellow apically. Abdomen in male anteriorly with yellow setae, followed by reddish or orange-red setae on the last two segments or with a narrow black band of hair-like setae between the yellow and reddish. In female, abdomen anteriorly with black setae and a lateral cluster of yellow hair-like setae, and reddish setae on the last two segments. Male abdominal sternite 5 approximately trapezoid.

Redescription: Male: Body length 17.9–19.4 mm; wing length and width 12.3 mm × 3.9 mm to 13.8 mm × 5.4 mm (N = 20). Large compound eye, height relative to head ≥ 1/2. Antennal pedicel longer than broad, with a distinct concavity by one side of terminal margin ( Fig. 5F View Figure 5 ). Width of frons ~1/8 width of head in dorsal view. Hair-like setae on frons, facial ridge and postalar callus dark brown or black; presutural area of scutum, postpronotal lobe, anepisternum and scutellum mainly black, ornamented with very few yellow hairs, or with the setae black basally and yellow apically ( Figs 1F View Figure 1 , 3F View Figure 3 , 5F View Figure 5 ), on meron black. Abdomen anteriorly with yellow setae, followed by reddish setae or with a narrow black band of hair-like setae between the yellow and reddish. Wing hyaline or light brown; vein M strongly curved after dm-cu; cell r 4 + 5 open, with veins R 4 + 5 and M reaching the margin ( Fig. 9F View Figure 9 ). Male abdominal sternite 5 approximately trapezoid, with the lateral margins relatively straight and convergent. Male cerci basally black or dark brown, moderately flattened, with basal part strongly swollen.

Female: Differing from the male as follows: body length 20.20–25.16 mm; wing length and width 13.6 mm × 5.3 mm to 14.7 mm × 6.6 mm (N = 26). Width of frons ~1/3 width of head in dorsal view. Abdomen anteriorly with black setae and a lateral cluster of yellow hair-like setae, and reddish setae on the last two segments.

Type material examined: Holotype of Portschinskia magnifica : ♀, RUSSIA: Eastern Siberia , Sedanka, Pacific coastal area, near Vladivostok. 7 June 1913, A. Kusnezow leg. ( ZIN) . Holotype of Portschinskia luliangensis : ♂, CHINA: Shanxi Province, Jiaocheng County, Pangquangou Nature Reserve , 28 June 1990, M. F. Wang & X. Y. Wu leg. ( SNU) .

Additional material examined: One ♀, RUSSIA: Vladimir Oblast?, Vladimir?, 7 July 1919 [no collector] ( ZIN) ; one ♂, CHINA: Hebei Province, Eastern Tomb , 27 July 1938, Ho, Q. ( NHM) ; two ♂, four ♀, CHINA: Beijing, Mt. Songshan , 800 m (44°12′ N, 116°12′ E), 7 June 2008, D. Zhang leg. ( MBFU) GoogleMaps ; three ♂, three ♀, CHINA: Beijing, Mt. Songshan , 5 June 2009, D. Zhang leg. ( MBFU) ; two ♂, three ♀, CHINA: Beijing, Mt. Songshan , 29 June 2011, D. Zhang leg. ( MBFU) ; three ♂, four ♀, CHINA: Beijing, Mt. Songshan , 31 May 2012, D. Zhang leg. ( MBFU) ; two ♂, three ♀, CHINA: Beijing, Mt. Songshan , 10.VI.2014, C. Wang leg. ( MBFU) ; two ♂, two ♀, CHINA: Beijing, Mt. Songshan , 29 June 2015, X.-y. Li leg. ( MBFU) ; two ♂, three ♀, CHINA: Beijing, Mt. Songshan , 3 June 2016, Y.-q. Ge leg. ( MBFU) ; two ♂, two ♀, CHINA: Beijing, Mt. Songshan , 10 June 2017 X.-y. Li leg. ( MBFU) .

Biology: So far, only A. peninsulae has been found to be the host of P. magnifica ( Grunin, 1947, 1965). Apodemus peninsulae was regarded as a subspecies of Apodemus speciosus (Temminck, 1844) by Oldfield Thomas in 1906 (as ‘ Micromys speciosus peninsulae Thomas’). Grunin (1947, 1965) and Zumpt (1965) followed contemporary mammal classification ( Allen, 1941; Jones, 1956) and gave the host name as ‘ A. speciosus Temminck’. However, according to the current classification of the genus Apodemus Kaup ( Suzuki et al., 2008; Batsaikhan et al., 2016), A. speciosus and A. peninsulae are regarded as two independent species based on not only morphological and molecular data, but also distribution pattern, i.e. A. speciosus is endemic to Japan and A. peninsulae spread across north-eastern Asia. Therefore, we updated the host information from A. speciosus to A. peninsulae .

The larva develops in cysts/boil-like swellings in the dermal layer of the host. Most of the larvae are located on the abdomen, especially in the groins, and only 20–30% of the larvae are situated on the back of the host. The second and third instar larvae are found in subcutaneous cysts that connect to the exterior through a breathing hole. The larval development lasts ~2 months, and after having left the cysts, the larvae pupate in the soil. The larvae leave their host in late August to early September, and the winter is passed in the pupal stage. Adults are on the wings from the end of June until the beginning of July, and each female may produce several hundred eggs ( Grunin, 1947, 1965).

Remarks: Portschinskia luliangensis was proposed as a new species by Xue, Wang & Wu in Xue & Wang (1996) based on the following character states: frontal width four times broader than frontal vitta; hair-like setae on anepisternum and postalar callus wholly black, and abdominal setae forming three colour-bands, yellow anteriorly, followed by a narrow black band of hair-like setae and reddish posteriorly. From our examination of 46 specimens of P. magnifica collected in different localities, these features all fall within the intraspecific variation of this species. Thus, P. luliangensis is revised as a new synonym of P. magnifica Pleske, 1926 .

Distribution: Russia (Siberia), China (Beijing, Hebei and Shanxi).