Pachygastrinae

Key to Neotropical genera of Pachygastrinae View in CoL with two or more scutellar spines

1 Antennal flagellum divided, bifurcate or trifurcate.....................................................................................2

- Antennal flagellum simple, variously shaped but not divided....................................................................3

2 Antennal flagellum bifurcate, second flagellomere strongly divided, upper branch of flagellum consisting of six flagellomeres, apical two forming short stylus; general coloration strongly sexually dimorphic, male with shiny black scutum, female with brownish black scutum with two pairs of distinct pale vittae.. ................................................................................................................................. Blastocera View in CoL Gerstaecker

- Antennal flagellum trifurcate or bifurcate, second flagellomere unmodified, third strongly divided or unmodified, upper branch of flagellum having fourth flagellomere with strong ventral process or unmodified, apical flagellomere aristate; general coloration weakly dimorphic, male completely yellowish brown, female with apex of abdomen darkened, scutum not vittate....................................... Neochauna View in CoL Williston

3 Scutellum with two very different pairs of spines, outer (basal) spines of scutellum very small, directed laterally, inner (apical) spines large, longer than scutellum, directed laterally and slightly posteriorly....... ........................................................................................................................... Paracanthinomyia View in CoL Lindner

- Scutellum with a single pair of spines, or if two pairs present, spines are usually all similar and directed more posteriorly (if spines are dissimilar [two species of Caenacantha View in CoL ] then spines are directed posteriorly or dorsally)...........................................................................................................................................4

4 Scutellum with two marginal spines (occasional aberrant specimen with one or two additional spines); thorax and abdomen uniformly dark bluish to purplish (abdomen occasionally partly reddish in P. m i c ro - donta), vestiture not forming well-defined pattern......................................................................................5

- Scutellum with four marginal spines; thorax and abdomen variously colored, but usually not uniformly dark bluish to purplish, and frequently with vesititure forming pattern......................................................6

5 Head with postocular orbit narrow to very narrow, much less than width of eye in lateral view; wings nearly hyaline to moderately infuscated, but not dark brown; antennal flagellum with short, semi-globose complex with elongate apical arista-like stylus; not strongly resembling female Cyphomyia View in CoL ...................... .................................................................................................................................... Panacris View in CoL Gerstaecker

- Head with postocular orbit very wide, nearly as wide as eye in lateral view; wings deeply infuscated, dark brown; antennal flagellum unknown; strongly resembling dark females of Cyphomyia View in CoL with a yellow head..................................................................................................................................... Platylobium View in CoL Lindner

6 Apical antennal flagellomere forming long, slender stylus or arista-like stylus more than one-half length of remaining flagellar complex, usually as long as or longer than complex...............................................7

- Apical antennal flagellomere forming short, stout, sometimes weakly developed stylus one-third or less length of remaining flagellar complex.......................................................................................................10

7 First 6 antennal flagellomeres forming elongate-conical to nearly cylindrical complex, with length at least twice diameter; apical flagellomere forming slender stylus slightly less to slightly more than length of complex.......................................................................................................................... Caenacantha View in CoL Wulp

- First 6 flagellomeres forming ovoid to kidney-shaped complex, with length much less than twice diameter; apical flagellomere forming slender, arista-like stylus at least twice length of complex......................8

8 Flagellar complex short ovoid, about as high as long or slightly longer, with arista-like stylus apical; apex of wing hyaline or wing completely dark brown; male holoptic (but unknown in Hypselophrum View in CoL )...........9

- Flagellar complex short, more than twice as high as long, with arista-like stylus arising from dorsal third of complex; apex of wing darkened; male narrowly dichoptic................................. Kerteszmyia View in CoL gen. nov.

9 Thorax predominantly yellowish brown, darkened posteriorly in some females; apex of wing hyaline; not resembling Cyphomyia View in CoL ............................................................................... Panacridops View in CoL James & Woodley

- Thorax metallic violet-blue; wing entirely dark brown; strongly resembling dark females of Cyphomyia View in CoL with a yellow head...................................................................................................... Hypselophrum View in CoL Kertsz

10 Wing uniformly dark, without pattern; head yellow, strongly contrasting with dark, blue-black body, strongly resembling dark females of Cyphomyia View in CoL with a yellow head.................. Pseudocyphomyia View in CoL Kertsz

- Wing hyaline or with dark infuscation forming pattern or bicolored, never uniformly dark brown; head and body color variable, but not resembling some species of Cyphomyia View in CoL ................................................11

11 Dorsum of scutellum nearly in same plane as scutum in lateral view; scutum without a silvery medial pubescent longitudinal vitta.......................................................................................................................12

- Dorsum of scutellum forming a distinct angle with scutum in lateral view (equivocal in Artemita nana (Bellardi) View in CoL in which the scutum has a silvery medial pubescent longitudinal vitta)...................................13

12 Apex of wing distal to discal cell more or less uniformly dark, gradually becoming lighter near posterior margin; body black, without metallic reflections..................................................... Acanthinomyia View in CoL Hunter

- Apex of wing distal to discal cell hyaline, basal half slightly darkened; body with dark blue metallic reflections on abdomen, slightly more greenish on scutum.................................... Proegmenomyia View in CoL Kertsz

13 R2+3 arising above crossvein r-m or at most very slightly distal to it; scutum with four longitudinal silvery vittae in dorsal view, with medial strip black [Note: this genus is very similar to Artemita View in CoL , and perhaps should be considered a synonym]................................................................................ Neoacanthina View in CoL Kertsz

- R2+3 arising distinctly distal to r-m (only slightly so in A. nana View in CoL ); scutum variously marked with silvery pubescent, but without four longitudinal vittae, occasionally with a medial silvery vitta. Artemita Walker View in CoL