Solenysa shimatchu Ballarin & Eguchi, 2025

Solenysa shimatchu Ballarin & Eguchi sp. nov.

Figs 1 A – J View Figure 1 , 4 A-C View Figure 4 , 5 A, B View Figure 5

Material examined.

Holotype ♂ Japan: • Kagoshima Pref., Amami-Ōshima Is., Setouchi, Amurogama , 121 m, 28.22261°N, 129.31695°E, humid forest litter in a flat area near a creek, 10. Jul. 2021, F. Ballarin leg. ( NSMT -Ar 26184 ) GoogleMaps . Paratypes. Japan: Kagoshima Pref., Amami-Ōshima Is., • 3 ♀, Amami, Naze Oaza Asato , 176 m, 28.33066°N, 129.48115°E, forest litter, 8. Jul. 2021, F. Ballarin leg. ( NSMT -Ar 26185 ) GoogleMaps • 1 ♀, Sumiyocho Oaza Kawauchi , 54 m, 28.31219°N, 129.42390°E, forest litter on a steep cliff, 8. Jul. 2021, F. Ballarin leg. ( NSMT -Ar 26186 ) GoogleMaps • 1 ♂, Yamato, Ongachi , ~ 28.33111°N, 129.39436°E, 9. Mar. 2014, T. Suguro leg. ( TKPM -AR 3243 ) GoogleMaps • 1 ♂, 3 ♀, Yamato, Tsunagu , 196 m, 28.33224°N, 129.41763°E, humid forest litter with stones near a creek, 9. Jul. 2021, F. Ballarin leg. ( MSNVR -Ar 032 –035) GoogleMaps • 2 ♀, Naze, Oaza Chinase , 63 m, 28.34896°N, 129.44969°E, broadleaf forest litter, 9. Jul. 2021, F. Ballarin leg. ( TKPM -AR 3244 ) GoogleMaps • 1 ♂, 5 ♀, Setouchi, Amurogama , 121 m, 28.22261°N, 129.31695°E, humid forest litter in a flat area near a creek, 10. Jul. 2021, F. Ballarin leg. ( MNHAH) GoogleMaps • 1 ♂, 1 ♀, Tatsugo, Akina , 245 m, 28.42290°N, 129.54688°E, rather dry forest litter, F. Ballarin leg. ( FBPC) GoogleMaps • 2 ♀, Uken, Ashiken , 208 m, 28.30780°N, 129.27311°E, rather dry litter on a steep slope near a creek, 12. Jul. 2021, F. Ballarin leg. ( NSMT -Ar 26187 ) GoogleMaps .

Other material examined.

Japan: Kagoshima Pref., Amami-Ōshima Is., • 1 ♀, Naze, Oaza Chinase , same locality and date, 274 m, 28.35705°N, 129.45436°E, broadleaf forest litter, 9. Jul. 2021, F. Ballarin leg. ( FBPC) GoogleMaps • 1 ♀, Tatsugo, Akina , 64 m, 28.42192°N, 129.55104°E, humid forest litter with stones, 11. Jul. 2021, F. Ballarin leg. ( FBPC) GoogleMaps • Tokunoshima Is., 1 ♂, 1 ♀, Amagi-cho, Nishiagina , ~ 27.7639°N, 128.9398°E, 28. Mar. 2018, T. Suguro leg. ( NSMT) GoogleMaps

Diagnosis.

Species closely related to S. yambaruensis sp. nov. from which it can be easily separated by the dorsal color pattern of the opisthosoma, having a single white mark on the dorsal-posterior tip of the opisthosoma (vs three marks) (cf. Fig. 1 A-E, F View Figure 1 vs Fig. 2 E, F View Figure 2 ). Males of S. shimatchu sp. nov. can be easily separated from males of S. yambaruensis sp. nov. by the different shape of the posterior branch of the lamella (LA 3), thinner and ending with a long and straight single needle-like tip (vs LA 3 wider, ribbon-like, and ending with a bent spine and two denticles) (cf. Fig. 4 A-C View Figure 4 vs Fig. 4 D-F View Figure 4 ). Additionally, the paracymbium (P) has a less-developed and shorter ventral lobe (VLP), headed ventrally (vs VLP with a wider lobe headed antero-ventrally); the probasal cymbial apophysis (PBP) is less bent and headed retrolaterally when observed dorsally (vs PBP more bent and headed antero-retrolaterally); and the proximal tibial apophysis (PTP) is more developed and with thicker spines (vs PTP less developed and with thinner spines) (cf. Fig. 1 A-D View Figure 1 vs Figs 2 A-D View Figure 2 , 5 A, B, C – F View Figure 5 ).

Females of S. shimatchu sp. nov. can be distinguished from females of S. yambaruensis sp. nov. by the different shape of the epigyne: more rounded and protruding when observed laterally (vs flatter and less protruding); having a more V-shaped ventral plate (VP) (vs VP more trapezoidal with flatter posterior borders); and a more protruding lobe of the dorsal plate (LDP) (vs LDP less protruding) (cf. Fig. 1 G-J View Figure 1 vs Fig. 2 G-J View Figure 2 ).

For additional separation from other Solenysa spp. see the species group’s diagnosis.

Description.

Male (holotype). Total length: 1.21. Prosoma 0.71 long; 0.46 wide. Clypeus 0.24 long. Habitus as in Fig. 1 E View Figure 1 . Length of legs as follows: I 2.38 (0.62, 0.15, 0.63, 0.53, 0.45), II 2.02 (0.56, 0.14, 0.51, 0.43, 0.38), III 1.61 (0.43, 0.13, 0.37, 0.36, 0.33), IV 1.80 (0.50, 0.13, 0.44, 0.39, 0.34). Opisthosoma uniformly greyish with scattered small lighter dots, one wider, distinct dorsal whitish mark near posterior tip of opisthosoma. Other somatic characters as reported in species group.

Palp as in Figs 1 A-D View Figure 1 , 4 A-C View Figure 4 , 5 A, B View Figure 5 . Proximal tibial apophysis (PTP) strongly protruding antero-retrolaterally, bearing 3 thick spines. Probasal cymbial apophysis (PBP), massive, hook-like when observed dorsally, headed retrolaterally. Ventral lobe of paracymbium (VLP) headed ventrally. Lamella with 3 well-developed branches: LA 1 wide, ribbon-like, transparent; LA 2 and LA 3 both sclerotized, strait, needle-like; LA 2 shorter, headed antero-ventrally; LA 3 longer, with a slightly wider, ribbon-like basal part, ending sharp and thin, headed antero-dorsally. Posterior terminal apophysis (PTA), thin and transparent, almost invisible. Median terminal apophysis (MTA) half-transparent, lobated, slightly twisted. Anterior terminal apophysis (ATA) ribbon-like, strongly sclerotized, flattened, slightly twisted, headed anteriorly, ending with a sharp tip. Median tooth (MT) of ATA small and stocky, headed anteriorly. Embolus (E) transparent, twisted, and fringed, partially hidden by ATA.

Female (one of the paratypes). Total length: 1.26. Prosoma 0.72 long; 0.46 wide. Clypeus 0.24 long. Habitus as in Fig. 1 F View Figure 1 . Length of legs as follows: I 2.22 (0.58, 0.16, 0.57, 0.50, 0.41), II 1.93 (0.53, 0.13, 0.47, 0.43, 0.37), III 1.61 (0.43, 0.14, 0.35, 0.36, 0.33), IV 1.95 (0.53, 0.14, 0.48, 0.43, 0.37). Color and other features as in male.

Epigyne and vulva as in Fig. 1 G-J View Figure 1 , strongly protruding when observed laterally. Solenoid (SL) folded anterodorsally with 2 wide transversal folds before reaching the dorsal base of epigyne. Ventral plate (VP) slightly V-shaped, anterior border strongly concave. Dorsal plate (DP) undivided, bearing a well-developed rectangular ventral lobe (LDP) protruding posteriorly. Copulatory ducts (CD) thick, heading antero-laterally then posteriorly before reaching posterior side of spermathecae. Fertilization ducts (FD) thin, Z-shaped, bent anteriorly. Spermathecae (S) wide, oval (Fig. 1 J View Figure 1 ).

Etymology.

The specific name is derived from the word “ shimatchu ” (島っちゅ) meaning “islander” in the Amami-Ōshima local language. The name refers to the insular origin of the species endemic to Amami-Ōshima and Tokunoshima islands. Name in apposition.

Distribution.

Endemic to Amami-Ōshima and Tokunoshima islands, Central Ryukyus, Japan (Fig. 13 View Figure 13 ).

Habitat.

This species has been observed building simple sheet webs in open spaces in humid leaf litter on the floor of broadleaved forest.