Tabanus nebulosus De Geer, 1776

Tabanus nebulosus De Geer View in CoL

( Figs 37 A–D View FIGURE 37 , 38 A–D View FIGURE 38 , 39 View FIGURE 39 )

Tabanus nebulosus De Geer, 1776: 227 View in CoL , pl. 30, fig. 2 (list of species); Kertész, 1908: 263 (cat.); Kröber, 1934: 312 (cat.; Tabanus View in CoL ( Tabanus View in CoL )); Philip, 1952: 31 (list of species); Barretto, 1957: 88 (list of species); Fairchild & Aitken, 1960: 7 (list of species); Fairchild, 1961c: 32 (list of species), 1966: 446 (list of species); Philip, 1969: 128 (tax.); Fairchild, 1971: 97 (cat.); Hogue & Fairchild, 1974: 26 (list of species); Moucha, 1976: 125 (cat.); Fairchild, 1984: 27, map 3, 1986: 115, figs. 1F, J (rev.); Rafael et al., 1991: 362 (list of species); Fairchild & Burger, 1994: 142 (cat.); Barros et al., 2003: 10,11,13, table 1,2 (list of species); Ríos et al., 2004: 61, 62 (list of species); Cambra, 2006: 124–125, table 2 (list of species); Buestán et al., 2007: 172 (list of species); Coscarón & Papavero, 2009b: 135 (cat); Krolow & Henriques, 2017: 4 (list of species); Krolow et al., 2017: 105 (list of species); Guimarães & Aguiar, 2019: 18 (list of species); Koller et al., 2019: 1393–1395, table 1,2 (list of species); Henriques & Krolow, 2020: 440 (list of species); Oliveira et al., 2022: 7–8, figs. 3 (list of species); Riccardi et al, 2022: 25 (list of species); Veroy et al., 2022: 37 View Cited Treatment , fig. 4F (list of species); Corrêa-Neto & Henriques, 2023: 575 (list of species); Henriques et al., 2023: Supplemental table (Amazon biogeography); Zamarchi et al. 2023: 3 (list of species).

Tabanus? surinamensis Macquart, 1838a: 136 View in CoL (1838: 132) (list of species); Walker, 1854: 204 (list of species); Hunter, 1901 (cat.): 144; Kertész, 1908: 284 (cat.); Kröber, 1934: 314 (cat.; Tabanus View in CoL (Tabanu s)).

Tabanus incertus Macquart, 1838a:151 View in CoL (1838: 147) (list of species); Blanchard, 1852: 392, pl. 2, fig. 1 (tax.); Walker, 1854: 263 (list of species); Philippi, 1865: 713 (list of species); Hunter, 1901: 141 (cat.); Kröber, 1934: 309 (cat.; Tabanus View in CoL ( Tabanus View in CoL )); Fairchild, 1956: 19 (syn.); Coscarón & Philip, 1967: 255 (rev.).

Tabanus ferrifer Walker, 1850a: 30 View in CoL ; Aldrich, 1905: 203 ( Tabanus View in CoL ) (cat.); Kertész, 1908: 241 (cat.; Tabanus View in CoL ); Kröber, 1930a: 262, fig. 7 ( Tabanus View in CoL (Lophotabanus )) (Tax.; Tabanini), 1934: 295 (cat.; Tabanus View in CoL (Lophotabanus )); Bequaert, 1940: 298, fig. 3A–D (list of species); Pechuman, 1942: 56 ( Tabanus View in CoL (Lophotabanus )) (list of species); Fairchild, 1943: 444, figs. 3, 3a, 3b (list of species); Stone, 1944: 135 ( Tabanus View in CoL ( Tabanus View in CoL )) (list of species); Bequaert & Renjifo-Salcedo, 1946: 80 ( Tabanus View in CoL ( Tabanus View in CoL )) (list of species); Fairchild, 1956: 16 (syn.).

Tabanus erythraeus Brèthes, 1907: 68 View in CoL , (list of species, misident).

Tabanus druyvesteijni Szilády, 1926: 26 View in CoL , pl. 4, fig. 20; Kröber, 1929a: 130, fig. 19 ( Tabanus View in CoL (Lophotabanus )), 1930a: 263 ( Tabanus View in CoL (Lophotabanus )), 1934: 295 (cat.; Tabanus View in CoL (Lophotabanus )); Pechuman, 1942: 56 ( Tabanus View in CoL (Lophotabanus )) (list of species).

Tabanus transversalifuscatus Kröber, 1930a: 263 (syn. druyvesteijni Szilády, 1926 View in CoL ).

Tabanus nubeculipennis Kröber, 1931c: 298 View in CoL ; Kröber, 1934: 312 (cat.; Tabanus View in CoL ( Tabanus View in CoL )); Fairchild, 1967b: 374 (list of species).

Distribution: Belize, Honduras, Nicaragua, Costa Rica, Panama, Trinidad, Barbados, French Guiana, Suriname, Guyana, Colombia, Peru, Brazil (Roraima, Amapá, Amazonas, Pará, Maranhão, Acre, Rondônia, Mato Grosso, Tocantins, Goiás (new record), and Mato Grosso do Sul), and Paraguay.

Type-locality: “ Surinam ”.

Diagnosis: Relatively large specimens (14.2–20.2 mm). Frons narrow (FI: 4.5), convergent at the base (DI: 1.1–1.40). Palpus long, equal to or greater than half the length of the stylets, not inflated. Postpedicel of antenna long and narrow, longer than high. Wing with weak brownish clouds at crossveins and the fork of vein R 4+5, hyaline costal cell, and rarely tinged below the pterostigma. Scutum and scutellum integument reddish-brown, usually covered with brown pruinosity, sometimes gray. Dorsal comb of golden setae on hind tibia. Abdomen with reddish-brown integument, last tergites may be darker, occasionally present a black dorsomedial integumental line (tergite 1 to 2 or sometimes more), dorsomedial pale setulose triangles sometimes present, and dorsolateral patches of pale setulae always present when well-preserved.

Remarks: This is another highly variable species, with its nominal distribution from Central America to Paraguay, including north and central Brazil. The pruinosity and setulae of the scutum, scutellum and pleura may vary from reddish-brown to grayish. The wing can be hyaline to uniformly slightly brown infuscated or with weak, sometimes barely perceptible, clouds at crossveins and the fork of vein R 4+5. The dorsomedial abdominal triangles of pale setulae are present on northern specimens, often absent on those from south of the Amazon river ( Fairchild, 1984). Some specimens are difficult to distinguish from T. pseudonebulosus (see comment on T. importunus ). T. nebulosus also resembles T. glaucus (see T. glaucus ). The male is similar to the female, except for the reduced mouthparts, slender antenna lacking the ventral angle found in females, holoptic eyes with the facets well-demarcated, and the largest ones occupy the upper half of the eyes and are lighter than the smaller ones. Our examined material includes the first record of the species for the state of Goiás. Tabanus nebulosus has a large distribution in Central and South America and it will be interesting to have an integrative taxonomy approach of the species checking the divergence among the populations across its entire range.

Examined material: Moja Pollo [ PANAMA], A.P, 3–28–40 [2♀] [ MZUSP]; Ft. Kobbe E.Z. [PANAMA] 12 Dez. 56, horse trap. [1♀] [ MZUSP]; Canal Zone , Pan [ PANAMA], 1929. L.H. Dunn [1♀] [ MZUSP]; FRANÇA [FRENCH GUIANA], Riviére de Cayenne , Stn 2, ZL, 04°54.7’98”N 052°21.6’08”W, 4.x.2009, JMA, MT et CL, coll. [1♀] [ MZUSP]; Santana, Terr. Amapá, BRASIL, 17.x1957, J.Lane Leg [Photographed] [1♀] [ INPA]; Belém, Pará [ BRASIL], Damasceno / eyes relaxed [in pencil handwritten] uniform green / Compared homo- [handwritten] with type ♀ T. nebulosus De Gr. T. ferrifer Wlx. T. incertus Macq, CB. Philip Jan 56 , Agrees closely [1♀] [ MZUSP]; BRASIL, RR [Roraima], Alto Alegre, Flora Roraima, 2°56’28” N 61°37’40” W, vii. 2018, Arm. Malaise, Boldrini leg. [Photographed] [1♂] [ INPA]; GoogleMaps BRASIL, Roraima, Rio Uraricoera, Ilha de Maraca / 21–30.xi.1987, J.A Rafael e equipe [1♀] [ INPA]; GoogleMaps BRASIL, Amazonas, Humaitá, Rio Ipixuna , 07º31’18”S 63°20’49”W, x.2014, Arm. Malaise, JA Rafael, FF Xavier-Fº, RM Vieira & RH Aquino [1♀] [ INPA]; GoogleMaps BRASIL, Amazonas, Novo Aripuanã, Reserva Soka , 05°15’53”S 60º07’08”W, 17–25.viii.1999 [1♀] [ INPA]; GoogleMaps BRASIL, Rondônia, Nova Mamoré, Parque Estadual de Guarujá-Mirim, Rio Formoso , 101926S 643388W / 23.x.1995, J. Vidal, 16.002 5 [handwritten] em cavalo [at horse] [1♀] [ INPA]; XI-31. GOYAZ GoogleMaps [ BRASIL, Goiás] (Vianópolis), Coll. R. Splitz [1♀] [ MZUSP]; BRASIL, MT [Mato Grosso], BR 174, Km 178 , 4.x.1984, Arm. Malaise, Elias Binda [1♀] [ INPA]; GoogleMaps SISBIOTA CNPq/FAPESP [on the lateral of the label], BRASIL, MS [Mato Grosso do Sul], Corumbá, Base de Estudos do Pantanal 19°34’30.5” S 57º00’50,6” W Malaise 3, 18.x.2011, Lamas eq. col. [1♀] [ MZUSP]; GoogleMaps SISBIOTA CNPq/FAPESP, BRASIL [on the lateral of the label], MS [Mato Grosso do Sul], Corumbá, Base de Estudos do Pantanal 19°34’20.9”S 57º00’57.9”W Malaise 2, 18.x.2011, Lamas eq. col. / 03–18.x.2011 [1♀] [ MZUSP]; GoogleMaps SISBIOTA CNPq/FAPESP [on the lateral of the label], BRASIL, MS [Mato Grosso do Sul], Corumbá —BEP, 19°34’20.09”S 57º00’57.9”W, Malaise, 05.ix.2011, Lamas e eq. col. [1♀] [ MZUSP]; GoogleMaps SISBIOTA CNPq/FAPESP [on the lateral of the label], BRASIL, MS [Mato Grosso do Sul], Serra da Bodoquena, Fazenda California , 20°41’49.08”S 56º52’54.0”W, Malaise 04, 06–22.x.2011, Lamas, Nihei & eq. col, [1♀][ MZUSP] GoogleMaps .