Eutrombidium elburzensis Karimi Iravanlou, Kamali & Talebi, 2002

Eutrombidium tehranicum Karimi Iravanlou, Kamali & Talebi, 2002 ( Figs. 1–7 View Figure 1 View Figure 2 View Figure 3 View Figure 4 View Figure 5 View Figure 6 View Figure 7 )

Eutrombidium elburzensis Karimi Iravanlou, Kamali & Talebi, 2002 , syn. nov. Eutrombidium fathipouri Karimi Iravanlou, Kamali & Talebi, 2002 , syn. nov.

Diagnosis (based on type specimens and new materials)

Distal bilobed setae on coxae I–III, small and with incisions on their distal half; coxalae 1b, 2b, and 3b bifid with two approximately equal lobes; h 2 / h 1 1.25–1.45; Ti III 27–43.

Redescription

Dorsum ( Fig. 1A View Figure 1 ) – Dorsal surface of idiosoma with 24 barbed setae. Dorsal setae arranged in 5 rows, c 1–3 ( c 1 on scutellum), d 1–3, e 1–3, f 1–2 and h 1–2; setae c 2, d 1 and h 1–2 arise from larger punctate circle plates, fD = 4(+2)-6-6-4-4= 24(+2) ( Fig. 1A View Figure 1 ). Scutum pentagonal and punctate (in holotype the position of scutum is not good) ( Figs. 1A View Figure 1 , 4 View Figure 4 ) with two chitinous bars near AM bases, bearing three pairs of non-sensillary setae (AM, AL and PL) and one pair of sensilla (S). The anterior part of the scutum convex, the posterior border concave; anterolateral borders slightly convex or straight, posterolateral borders slightly concave or stright. Sensillary setae (S) thin and nude, inserted between PL and AL. AM setiform, nude and thinner than AL and PL; AL and PL pointed and barbed, AM> AL> PL.

Two pairs of eye lenses situated laterally to posterior region of scutum, each pair located on a punctate ocular plate (35–40 long, 17–20 wide), anterior lens (diameter 10–12) larger than the posterior one (diameter 7–10). Scutellum ( Figs. 1A View Figure 1 , 4 View Figure 4 ) trapezoidal in shape, punctate, anterior border of scutellum convex, lateral borders slightly concave, posterior border straight, with one pair of barbed and pointed setae ( c 1) arising from anterior half.

Venter ( Fig. 1B View Figure 1 ) – Ventral side of idiosoma with one pair of barbed and pointed sternal setae ( 3a), five pairs of barbed and pointed setae behind coxa III (fV = 10) and an anus. Coxa I with setae 1a, slender and nude; coxalae 1b, 2b and 3b ( Figs. 1B View Figure 1 , 5 View Figure 5 ) bifid with two approximately equal lobes, Claparede's organ circular (10–12) diameter. Coxal plates punctate. NDV = 24(+2) + 10 = 34 (+2).

Gnathosoma ( Fig. 2 View Figure 2 ) – Gnathosoma hidden beneath anterior end of idiosoma; with a horse-shoe like, dentate oral ring, hypostomal setae ( bs) conical in shape, adoral setae ( cs) short and pointed; chelicerae robust; cheliceral blade sickled-shaped with one tooth subterminally, 21–24 long. Palp femur and genu, each with one nude spine-like seta. Palp tibia with three nude setae; one long, the others short, and one is close to the tibial claw (paradont). Palp tibial claw bifurcate. Palptarsus with six nude setae (four are long, the others are spine-like), a solenidion and an eupathidium. fPp =0-N- N-NNN 2 -6Nωζ.

Legs ( Figs. 3A–C View Figure 3 ) – Leg segmentation formula 6–6–6. Leg setal formula: Leg I: Ta - 1ω, 1ε, 2ζ, 18n; Ti - 2φ, 1κ, 6n; Ge - 2σ, 1κ, 4n; Fe - 6n; Tr - 1n; Cx - 2n ( Figs. 2 View Figure 2 , 3A View Figure 3 ); Leg II: Ta - 1ω, 1ε, 1ζ, 14n; Ti - 2φ, 5n; Ge - lσ, 1κ, 2n; Fe - 5n; Tr - 1n; Cx - 1n ( Figs. 2 View Figure 2 , 3B View Figure 3 ); Leg III: Ta - 13n; Ti - 5n; Ge - l σ, 2n; Fe - 4n; Tr - 1n; Cx - 1n ( Figs. 2 View Figure 2 , 3C View Figure 3 ).

Tarsi I & II with two normal claws and a claw-like empodium. Tarsal empodium elongate, longer than claws. Ta III outer claw normal, but its inner claw has been modified into smilum. Tarsus III with one scopa (with eight setules in the holotype and two of the paratypes and seven setules in the other new material) and a 10-branched lophotrix. Metric data is given in Table 1 .

Type material and deposition

Holotype of E. tehranicum (K4) (ACTMU, without accession number), on Aiolopus thalassinus (Fabricius,), Iran, Tehran province, Varamin city ( 51° 39' N, 35° 19' E, 900 m a.s.l.), 16 July 1998; holotype of E. fathipouri (N3H) (ACTMU, without accession number), on Pergodera armata , Iran, Alborz province, Karaj city ( 35° 53' N, 50° 58' E, 1312 m a.s.l.), 21 August 1998; holotype of E. elburzensis (K8) (ACTMU, without accession number), on Locusta migratoria (L.), Iran, Tehran province, Varamin city ( 51° 39' N, 35° 19' E, 900 m a.s.l.), 31 July 1998 ( Fig. 6 View Figure 6 ), collector J.S. Karimi Iravanlou.

Additional material examined

One larva of E. tehranicum (ACTMU23012025-1a) ectoparasitic on one female Notostaurus sp. ( Orthoptera : Acrididae : Gomphocerinae ) vicinity of Dezaj county, Kurdistan province, Iran, ( 35° 05' N, 47° 58' E, 1818 m a.s.l.), 16 September 2022; one larva (ACTMU23012025-1b) ectoparasitic on one Tettigoniidae, Darshademan village, Kermashah county, Kermashah province, Iran, ( 34° 41' N, 46° 53' E, 1339 m a.s.l.), 1 September 2021; one larva (ACTMU23012025-1c) ectoparasitic on one female Oedipoda sp. ( Orthoptera : Acrdidae: Oedipodinae ) Guzal Bolagh village, Shahin Dezh county, West Azerbaijan province, Iran, ( 36° 26' N, 46° 39' E, 1700 m a.s.l.), 23 September 2022; five larvae (ACTMU23012025-1d -1h) ectoparasitic on one female Notostaurus sp. and one larva (ACTMU23012025-1i) ectoparasitic on female Oedipoda sp. , Chuin village, Marivan county, Kurdistan province, Iran, ( 35° 25' N, 46° 32' E, 1635 m a.s.l.) ( Fig. 6 View Figure 6 ), 23 and 6 August 2021, respectively, col. Fardin Faizi.

All specimens and the grasshopper hosts deposited in the Acarological Collection of the Department of Entomology , Faculty of Agriculture, Tarbiat Modares University ( ACTMU), Tehran, Iran .

Taxonomic notes

We examined the type specimens of E. tehranicum , E. fathipouri and E. elburzensis , which were collected from Tehran and Alborz proviences of Iran, two geographically close regions. Karimi Iravanlou et al. (2000) reported the following diagnostic characteristics for these species:

Eutrombidium fathipouri : Five normal setae on Fe I, one solenidion on each Ti I and Ge I, four normal setae on Ti II, three normal setae on Ge II, three normal setae on Ge III.

Eutrombidium elburzensis : Five normal setae on Fe I, one solenidion on each Ti I and Ge I, two solenidia on Ti II, one normal seta on Ge II and the absence of setae c 2 on dorsal idiosoma.

However, after examining the type specimens, we found that both species share the following characteristics: Six normal setae on Fe I, two solenidia on each Ti I and Ge I, five normal setae on Ti II, two normal setae on each Ge II and III, and the presence of setae c 2. Additionally, several metric data in the original descriptions were found to be incorrect; corrected values are marked with an asterisk in Table 1 .

Based on these findings, and ICZN Article 24.2 ( ICZN, 1999), we propose the following synonymy:

Eutrombidium fathipouri syn. nov. of E. tehranicum .

Eutrombidium elburzensis syn. nov. of E. tehranicum .

Remarks

Eutrombidium tehranicum belongs to Group A (see Introduction), characterized by the presence of small distal bilobed setae on coxae I–III, with an incision in the distal half. This group includes 15 species: E. sigirijanum Haitlinger, 2006 from Sri Lanka; E. trigonum ( Hermann, 1804) from 17 European countries and Northern America; E. feldmanmuhsame Feider, 1977 from Israel; E. africanum Southcott, 1993 from Niger; E. australiense Southcott, 1993 from Australia; E. indicum Southcott, 1993 from India; E. macfarlanei Southcott, 1993 from Niger; E. orientale Southcott, 1993 from Canada and USA; E. robauxi Southcott, 1993 from Turkey; E. verdense Southcott, 1993 from Bermuda; E. aegyptium Karimi Iravanlou, Kamali & Talebi, 2000 from Iran; E. sorbasiensis Mayoral & Barranco, 2004 from Spain and Iran; E. fortunatae Haitlinger, 2005 from Argentina; E. pelebinum Haitlinger, 2007 from Benin, and E. parishanensis Kiany, Seiedy & Hakimitabar, 2023 from Iran ( Southcott 1993; Karimi Iravanlou et al. 2000; Mayoral and Barranco 2004; Haitlinger 2005, 2006, 2007, 2015; Azimi et al. 2011; Mirzaee et al. 2021; Kiany et al. 2023).

Eutrombidium tehranicum differs from E. sigirijanum in the number of solenidia on Ge II (1 vs. 2 in E. sigirijanum ), longer W (99–111 vs. 94), AM (31–42 vs. 26), SA (20–27 vs. 18), S (77–86 vs. 68), SB (71–74 vs. 64), PLN (25–35 vs. 14); from E. feldmanmuhsame by AL scutalae tapering (vs. lanceolate), number of solenidia on Ti I (1 vs. 3), number of normal setae on Fe I (6 vs. 5), number of normal setae on Fe II (5 vs. 6), longer SA (20–27 vs. 19), AM (31–42 vs. 21–26), LN (12–23 vs. 21), PLN (25–35 vs. 23), shorter PSL (59–64 vs. 74), PSW (89–101 vs.110–131); from E. pelebinum in the number of solenidia on Ge I (2 vs. 1), number of solenidia on Ti II (2 vs. 1), number of normal setae on Fe I (6 vs. 5), number of normal setae on Ge I (4 vs. 5), number of normal setae on Fe III (4 vs. 5), longer S (77–86 vs. 70–76), shorter PL (20–27 vs. 34); from E. africanum in the number of normal setae on Ge I (4 vs. 5), shorter PW (94–103 vs. 115–124), SB (71–74 vs. 88–91), ASB (67– 104 vs. 108), W (99–111 vs. 131–140), AM (31–42 vs. 50–58), AL (25–36 vs. 47–61), PL (20–27 vs. 34–36), PSL (59–64 vs. 70–75), PSW (89–101 vs. 122–143), QW (30–38 vs. 43–61), longer PLN (25–35 vs. 10–13); from E. fortunatae in the number of normal setae on Ti III (5 vs. 4), Ti I and Ge I with microseta (vs. without), longer PLN (25–35 vs. 16), shorter PW (94–103 vs. 130), SB (71–74 vs. 94), W (99–111 vs. 140), AL (25–36 vs. 48), SA (20–27 vs. 32), GL (68–89 vs. 92); from E. trigonum in the shorter LN (12–23 vs. 29–40), AW (79–97 vs. 103–122), PW (94–103 vs. 116–130), SB (71–74 vs. 87–101), ASB (67–104 vs. 108–119), L (91–128 vs. 130–145), W (99–111 vs. 127– 142), AL (25–36 vs. 40–52), AMB (50–59 vs 68–88), PSW (89–101 vs. 112–145), longer PLN (25– 35 vs. 13–18); from E. verdense in the number of normal setae on Ge I (4 vs. 2), shorter AW (79–97 vs. 104–113), PW (94–103 vs. 119–124), SB (71–74 vs. 83–91), ASB (67–104 vs. 106–111), L (91– 128 vs. 129–135), W (99–111 vs. 131–140), SA (20–27 vs. 29–30), AM (31–42 vs. 47), AL (25–36 vs. 41–48), AMB (50–59 vs. 69–77), PSL (59–64 vs. 67–81), PSW (89–101 vs. 123–143), QW (30– 38 vs. 41–54), QL (22–49 vs. 55–57), longer PLN (25–35 vs. 17–20); from E. sorbasiensis by scutum without network ornamentation (vs. with), number of setae on dorsal idiosoma (24 vs. 22), longer PLN (25–35 vs. 13–20), shorter PSW (89–101 vs. 105–115), Cx III (52–57 vs. 60–70), PSL/PLN (1.82–2.97 vs. 3.38–4); from E. orientale by the number of solenidialae on Ti I (2 vs. 1), Ti II (2 vs. 0), number of normal setae on Ti I (6 vs. 7), Ti II (5 vs. 7), Ti III (5 vs. 4), Ge I and II with microseta (vs. without), scuta without reticular patterns (vs. with), shorter AW (79–97 vs. 99–115), PW (94– 103 vs. 108–127), W (99–111 vs. 125–147), SA (20–27 vs. 29–33), AL (25–36 vs. 43–48), AMB (50–59 vs. 77–93), PSW (89–101 vs. 122–145), QW (30–38 vs. 39–57), longer PLN (25–35 vs. 14– 18); from E. australiense in the number of normal setae on Fe III (4 vs. 5), scuta without reticular patterns (vs. with), longer PSB (24 vs. 15–23), h 2 (82–112 vs. 52–79); from E. indicum by the number of solenidialae on Ti I (2 vs. 1), Ti II (2 vs.1), number of normal setae on Ti I (6 vs. 7), scuta without reticular patterns (vs. with), shorter LN (12–23 vs. 33), AW (79–97 vs. 100–102), SB (71–74 vs. 77– 79), ASB (67–104 vs. 107), L (91–128 vs. 134), W (99–111 vs. 122–125), AM (31–42 vs. 45–48), AL (25–36 vs. 36–38), PSL (59–64 vs. 72), PSW (89–101 vs. 113–115), QW (30–38 vs. 42–45), QL (22–49 vs. 67–70), longer SP (20–24 vs. 18), PLN (25–35 vs. 19–20); from E. robauxi by the number of solenidialae on Ti II (2 vs.1), Ti I (6 vs. 5), number of setae on dorsal idiosoma (24 vs. 28), scuta without reticular patterns (vs. with), longer PLN (25–35 vs. 16–23); from E. macfarlanei by the number of solenidialae on Ti I (2 vs. 1), Ti II (2 vs. 0), Ti I (6 vs. 7), scuta without faint reticular patterns (vs. with), longer MSA (34–61 vs. 25), ASB (67–104 vs. 59), L (91–128 vs. 82), PLN (25– 35 vs. 23), shorter PSL (59–64 vs. 70), QL (22–49 vs. 55); from E. parishanensis by scuta without reticular patterns (vs. with), shorter LN (12–23 vs. 29), MA (37–64 vs. 74–82), AW (79–97 vs. 120– 122), PW (94–103 vs. 125), SB (71–74 vs. 98–103), MSA (34–61 vs. 72–77), ASB (67–104 vs. 113– 134), PSB (24 vs. 26–31), L (91–128 vs. 158–161), W (99–111 vs. 144–149), AP (35–42 vs. 53), SA (20–27 vs. 36), AL (25–36 vs. 46–48), AMB (50–59 vs. 74–77), S (77–86 vs. 101–108), PSL (59–64 vs. 77), PSW (89–101 vs. 130–134), QW (30–38 vs. 50–53), Ge I (24–30 vs. 34–36), Fe I (45–62 vs. 74–77); from E. aegyptium by scuta without network marking patterns (vs. with), number of setae on dorsal idiosoma (24 vs. 22), longer PW (94–103 vs. 91), AL (25–36 vs. 24), S (77–86 vs. 74), PLN (25–35 vs. 17), Ta II (67–76 vs. 64), Tr II (27–32 vs. 24), shorter PSB (24 vs. 30), PSL (59–64 vs. 67), PSL/PLN (1.82–2.97 vs. 3.94), Cx III (52–57 vs. 59).