Cynodontinae

Cynodontinae :

Genera Cynodon , Gilbertolus ?, Hydrolycus , Rhaphiodon , and Roestes ?

Hydrolycus and Rhaphiodon (including Cynodon ) were includedinthecharacidsubfamilyRhaphiodontinaebyGéry(1977). Lucena & Menezes (1998) proposed this clade as the sister group of the Acestrorhynchidae , and the familial name Cynodontidae (already used by Greenwood et al., 1966) was given to this clade plus the genera Gilbertolus and Roestes (not analyzed here). The phylogeny of Acestrorhynchus undertaken byToledo-Piza (2007) included the genera of the Cynodontinae as part of the outgroup. In her paper Gilbertolus and Roestes are not closely related with Cynodon , Hydrolycus , and Rhaphiodon , but rather related with other members of the Characidae . Therefore, the position of Gilbertolus and Roestes is currently uncertain. Toledo-Piza (2007), however, argued that not all the known evidence relating these five genera was used in her analysis. Thus, these genera are herein tentatively maintained within the Cynodontinae .The monophyly of the Cynodontinae (as Cynodontidae ) was corroborated by Lucena & Menezes (1998) andToledo-Piza (2000).