Metynnis maculatus (Kner, 1858)

Autapomorphies of Metynnis maculatus View in CoL :

1. Contact between frontals anteriorly to frontal fontanel (21): (1> 0) absent. Paralleled in node 167. Some trees: Paralleled in nodes 175 and 206 and in Brycon meeki .

2. Anterior margin of supraoccipital (51): (0> 1) situated anterior to vertical through posterior orbital margin. Paralleled in node 220 and in Cynopotamus argenteus .

3. Lateral surface of vertical canal of preopercle (81): (1> 0) canal uncovered and situated posteriorly to musculature and infraorbitals. Paralleled in nodes 170, 175, and 204 and in Chalceus macrolepidotus .

4. Posterior extent of ventral process of quadrate (151): (0> 1) falling short of posterior margin of symplectic. Paralleled in the Hyphessobrycon luetkenii clade and Iguanodectinae , in nodes 284, 289, and 298, and in Astyanax mexicanus , A. cf. rutilus , Aulixidens eugeniae , Cyphocharax spilotus , Diapoma speculiferum , Hemiodus cf. thayeria , Micralestes stormsi , Moenkhausia sanctaefilomenae , Nematocharax venustus , Probolodus heterostomus , Psellogrammus kennedyi , and Pseudocorynopoma doriae . Some trees: Paralleled in node 302.

5. Cartilages anterior to basihyal (188): (0> 1) two well developed blocks of cartilage. Paralleled in nodes 244 and 299 and in Hasemania nana , Hyphessobrycon bifasciatus , Odontostilbe microcephala Eigenmann , and Roeboides descalvadensis . Some trees: Paralleled in node 265.

6. Transitional vertebrae with haemal canal (229): (0> 1) absent. Paralleled in nodes 195 and 212, and in Aulixidens eugeniae , Engraulisoma taeniatum , and Piabina argentea . Some trees: Paralleled in node 247 and in Bryconamericus alpha and Paracheirodon axelrodi .

7. Dorsal-fin rays articulating with first dorsal pterygiophore (266): (0> 1) three or four. Paralleled in nodes 203 and 276 and in Salminus brasiliensis . Some trees: Paralleled in Brycon orbignyanus .

8. Number of branched anal-fin rays (289): (0> 1) 35 or more. Paralleled in nodes 207 and 212 and in Gymnocorymbus ternetzi , Piabucus melanostomus , Pseudocorynopoma doriae , Rhaphiodon vulpinus , Stethaprion erythrops , and Thoracocharax stellatus . Some trees: Paralleled in node 261 and in Markiana nigripinnis .