Bryconops, Kner, 1858

Node 278: Bryconops View in CoL clade (100 / 100 / 100 / 30)

Genus Bryconops .

Monophyly of Bryconops had not previously been tested. Three subgenera were proposed within this genus, Brycochandus Eigenmann , Bryconops , and Creatochanes Günther ( Géry, 1977) . The two species analyzed here correspond to the subgenus Creatochanes according to that classification, and the diagnosis provided for this clade may be different if species of the other subgenera were included. In most analyses under self-weighted optimization this clade is the sister group of the Iguanodectinae , and Bryconops ,evenifmonophyletic, will not justifyasubfamiliallevel name. Thus, both the monophyly and the proposed relationships of Bryconops should be further corroborated.

Synapomorphies:

1. Lateral overlap of first infraorbital by anterior margin of second infraorbital (60): (0> 1) present. Paralleled in node 302.

2. Laterosensory canal in antorbital (72): (0> 1) present. Paralleled in Brycon falcatus , Chalceus macrolepidotus , and Iguanodectes geisleri .

3. Branching of laterosensory canals of fourth or fifth infraorbitals (74): (0> 1) present. Paralleled in nodes 167, 177, 218, 260, and 276 and in Bryconamericus scleroparius , Chalceus macrolepidotus , and Piaractus mesopotamicus .

4. Degree of ventral curvature of lateral line (90): (0> 1) distinctly curved and ventrally situated, with posterior lying within ventral half of caudal peduncle and aligned with lower lobe of caudal fin. Paralleled in the Alestidae .

5. Canal of lateral line on caudal-fin membrane (92): (1> 0) absent. Reversal of synapomorphy 3 of the Characidae . Paralleled in the Aphyoditeinae , in nodes 227, 229, 244, 287, 294, and 298, and in Aphyocharax nattereri , Bryconamericus rubropictus , B. thomasi , Charax stenopterus , Hyphessobrycon anisitsi , Inpaichthys kerri , and Phenacogaster tegatus .

6. Abrupt decrease in size of dentary teeth (148): (0> 1) present. Paralleled in nodes 222, 255, and 299, and in Astyanax latens and A. paris .

7. Contact between lamella on anterior portion of first basibranchial with lamella on posterior portion of second basibranchial (183): (0> 1) present. Paralleled in nodes 168, 177, and 216 and in Chalceus macrolepidotus , Distichodus maculatus , Hemiodus cf. thayeria , Hoplias cf. malabaricus , and Piabina argentea .

8. Number of ventral procurrent caudal-fin rays (302): (0> 1) 12 or more. Paralleled in nodes 229 and 252 and in Salminus brasiliensis .

9. Number of 2n chromosomes (362): (1> 0) 48 or less. Paralleled in node 181.