Probolodus heterostomus, Eigenmann

Autapomorphies of Probolodus heterostomus View in CoL :

1. Mamilliform teeth outside mouth (120): (0> 1) present. Paralleled in nodes 218 and 277.

2. Number of rows of premaxillary teeth (122): (1> 0) one. Paralleled in node 195 and in Aulixidens eugeniae , Carlana eigenmanni , Carnegiella strigata , Grundulus cochae , Odontostoechus lethostigmus , Paracheirodon axelrodi , and Piabucus melanostomus .

3. Number of teeth in inner premaxillary row (129): (1> 0) four or fewer. Paralleled in node 198 and in Markiana nigripinnis .

4. Posterior extent of ventral process of quadrate (151): (0> 1) falling short of posterior margin of symplectic. Paralleled in the Hyphessobrycon luetkenii clade and Iguanodectinae , in nodes 284, 289, and 298, and in Astyanax mexicanus , A. cf. rutilus , Aulixidens eugeniae , Cyphocharax spilotus , Diapoma speculiferum , Hemiodus cf. thayeria , Metynnis maculatus , Micralestes stormsi , Moenkhausia sanctaefilomenae , Nematocharax venustus , Psellogrammus kennedyi , and Pseudocorynopoma doriae . Some trees: Paralleled in node 302.

5. Posterior margin of cleithrum (234): (0> 1) with concavity ventral to first postcleithrum. Reversal of synapomorphy 4 of node 204. Paralleled in nodes 196 and 289 and in Roeboexodon geryi .

6. Position of ventral end of posttemporal (253): (0> 1) posterior to lateral margin of epioccipital. Paralleled in nodes 211 and 228 and in Bryconamericus scleroparius , Hoplias cf. malabaricus , Markiana nigripinnis , and Prochilodus lineatus .

7. Dorsal-fin bony hooks in adult males of species bearing hooks on fins (311): (0> 1) present. Paralleled in nodes 248 and 268 and in Astyanax cf. asuncionensis , A. lineatus , Bario steindachneri , Bryconamericus rubropictus , Hyphessobrycon luetkenii , H. socolofi , and Nematocharax venustus .

8. Caudal-fin bony hooks in adult males of species bearing hooks on fins (312): (0> 1) present. Paralleled in node 268 and in Acrobrycon tarijae , Astyanax cf. asuncionensis , A. lineatus , Bario steindachneri , Hyphessobrycon luetkenii , and H. socolofi .