Prionobrama paraguayensis (Eigenmann)

Autapomorphies of Prionobrama paraguayensis View in CoL :

1. Number of teeth in inner premaxillary row (130): (0> 1) eight or more. Paralleled in the Aphyoditeinae , in node 170, and in Brycon orbignyanus , Grundulus cochae , Phenacogaster tegatus , and Salminus brasiliensis .

2. Contact between ectopterygoid and anterodorsal region of quadrate (162): (0> 1) absent. Paralleled in nodes 184 and 242, and in Aphyocharax dentatus , Engraulisoma taeniatum , and Stichonodon insignis . Some trees: Paralleled in the Cheirodontinae and in Microschemobrycon casiquiare .

3. Form and degree of ossification of first ceratobranchial gill rakers (200): (0> 1) rather thick and completely ossified distal region. Paralleled in nodes 176, 212, and 299 and in Hoplias cf. malabaricus and Pristella maxillaris .

4. Base of second pectoral ray (231): (1> 0) large and partially overlapping base of first pectoral ray from medial view. Paralleled in nodes 164 and 301 and in Moenkhausia dichroura and Tetragonopterus argenteus .

5. Posterior margin of cleithrum (235): (0> 1) with markedly concave margin, almost forming straight angle. Paralleled in nodes 162, 247, and 253 and in Agoniates anchovia , Attonitus ephimeros , Characidium borellii , Iguanodectes geisleri , Moenkhausia cf. intermedia , and Xenagoniates bondi .

6. Ventralarticulationofmesocoracoid(246):(0>1)onlywithcoracoid.

7. Number of epurals (296): (1> 0) one. Paralleled in Agoniates anchovia .

8. Contact between dorsal margin of adductor mandibulae and ventral margin of dilator operculi (335): (1> 0) absent. Paralleled in Creagrutus anary , Inpaichthys kerri , Piabucus melanostomus , Pristella maxillaris , Prodontocharax melanotus , and Pyrrhulina australis . Some trees: Paralleled in Hyphessobrycon elachys .