Allomantispa coniprocessa, Li & Wu & Ohl & Liu, 2020

Allomantispa coniprocessa sp. nov.

urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:75BD82F9-68D3-49D9-A268-47B9FE658601

( Figs. 1–10 View Fig View Fig View Fig View Fig View Fig View Fig View Fig View Fig View Fig View Fig )

Diagnosis. Coloration. Body largely black to black-brown. Frons with a yellow transverse stripe; vertex with a median longitudinal yellow stripe and a pair of lateral yellow spots. Dorsal surface of pronotum laterally with a pair of diffuse longitudinal yellow stripes, which sometimes are reduced to a diffuse median yellow marking and a pair of posterior yellow spots. Fore femur with inner surface largely black, outer surface yellowish-brown with two blackish markings. Forewing with cloudy brownish markings. Morphology. Vertex distinctly domed; postocular margin produced and angulated in dorsal view. Male pronotum with a pair of densely setose patches nearly six times as large as maculae, ventral tubular portion anteriorly with a pair of projections flattened ventrally and close to each other. Fore femur elliptical. Forewing not widened at middle, CuP not approximating A1 at cu-a. Hind wing CuA approximate to or touching A1. Male sternum 9 surpassing the apices of ectoprocts, posteromedially with a large sub-coniform process; ectoprocts nearly rectangular in lateral view; gonarcus (gonocoxites 11) posteriorly with paired lobes curved laterally; distal portion of gonocoxites 9 vertically bended ventrad, slenderly elongated, terminally claw-like with 2–7 spines; hypomeres short, curved inwards. Female gonocoxites 8 reduced and paired; tergum 9 separate from ectoprocts; gonocoxites 9 distant from each other in ventral view.

Description. Measurements (mm) and proportions. Body length: ♂ 19.6, ♀ 20.0–21.6; WBE (♂ 1.6, ♀ 1.6–1.8): WAE (♂ 3.3, ♀ 3.4–3.6) = ♂ 0.5, ♀ 0.5; LP (♂ 4.1, ♀ 4.3–4.6): WAM (♂ 1.2, ♀ 1.5–1.6) = ♂ 3.4, ♀ 2.9; LP: LPT (♂ 4.0, ♀ 4.1–4.4) = ♂ 1.0, ♀ 1.0; LFF (♂ 5.0, ♀ 4.9–5.3): WFF (♂ 1.6, ♀ 1.5–1.6) = ♂ 3.1, ♀ 3.3; LFF: LFT (♂ 4.0, ♀ 3.8–4.1) = ♂ 1.3, ♀ 1.3; LFW (♂ 23.0, ♀ 24.5–26.5): WFW (♂ 6.8, ♀ 7.4–8.0) = ♂ 3.4, ♀ 3.3; LFPt (♂ 5.4, ♀ 6.0–6.5): WFPt (♂ 0.6, ♀ 0.6) = ♂ 8.7, ♀ 10.0–10.8; LHW (♂ 20.7, ♀ 21.9–23.7): WHW (♂ 6.1, ♀ 6.6–7.1) = ♂ 3.4, ♀ 3.3; LHPt (♂ 5.1, ♀ 5.9–6.4): WHPt (♂ 0.6, ♀ 0.7) = ♂ 8.5, ♀ 8.4–9.1; L2r (♂ 3.9, ♀ 4.2–4.5): W2r (♂ 0.9, ♀ 0.8–0.9) = ♂ 4.3, ♀ 5–5.3. (from Mengla).

Body length: ♂ 17.8–18.0; WBE (♂ 1.4): WAE (♂ 3.0) = 0.5; LP (♂ 3.8–3.9): WAM (♂ 1.2) = 3.2–3.3; LP: LPT (♂ 3.6) = 1.1; LFF (♂ 4.8): WFF (♂ 1.4) = 3.4; LFF: LFT (♂ 3.8) = 1.3; LFW (♂ 23.0): WFW (♂ 6.7) = 3.4; LFPt (♂ 5.3–5.4): WFPt (♂ 0.7) = 7.6–7.7; LHW (♂ 20.3): WHW (♂ 5.9) = 3.4; LHPt (♂ 5.3–5.4): WHPt (♂ 0.5) = 10.6–10.8; L2r (♂ 4.0): W2r (♂ 0.9) = 4.4. (from Huanglianshan).

Coloration. Male. Head ( Fig. 3 View Fig ) largely black-brown; frons with a transverse yellow stripe extended to antennal bases; ocular margin largely yellow, ventrally blackish-brown; vertex with a median longitudinal yellow stripe along epicranial suture, laterally with a pair of yellow spots extended to bases of eyes, posterolaterally yellow; scape yellowish, pedicel and flagellar segments black-brown; joint between anteclypeus and labrum brownish; mandibles proximally yellow; maxillary and labial palpi black-brown but yellowish distally.

Pronotum ( Fig. 4 View Fig A-C, E-G, I-J, M-N) largely black to black-brown; dorsal surface with anterior margin diffusely yellow, anteromedially with fine longitudinal yellow stripe, laterally with a pair of diffuse longitudinal yellow stripes, which sometimes are reduced to a diffuse median yellow marking and a pair of posterior yellow spots; maculae black or pale; densely setose patches black-brown with circular yellow margin; tubular portion ventrally with yellowish markings along anterior margin, median longitudinal suture, and posterior margin. Pterothorax ( Fig. 6 View Fig A-D) black; mesoscutum anterolaterally with a pair of yellow stripes, medially with pair of yellow stripes along scutal furrows, and laterally with a pair of yellowish circular markings, which are sometimes reduced; mesoscutellum medially with a large sub-triangular yellow marking or longitudinal yellow stripe; metanotum dorsally yellowish with small sub-triangular yellow marking or short longitudinal yellow stripe on scutellum; pleural region black with anterodorsal corners of anepisterna, pleural clefts and ventral margin of katepisterna and katepimera yellowish.

Foreleg ( Fig. 5 View Fig A-C, F-G, J): coxa blackish-brown, with yellowish-brown marking extended along distal half on outer surface; trochanter black basally and yellowish-brown distally; femur with inner surface largely black, but with outer surface yellowish-brown and having two large black spots, which sometimes are paler; femoral major spine blackish, medium-length spines yellowish with black tips; tibia blackish with mottled yellowish spots; tarsus blackish one segments 1 and 5, but yellowish on remaining segments. Mid and hind legs: coxae yellowish or black; trochanters yellowish; remainder alternately black and yellowish-brown; tarsi dorsally yellow–brown or grey.

Forewing transparent with brownish markings on branches of RA, anterior gradate series of crossveins, and distal section of posterior gradate series of crossveins, with dark brown stripes along ra-rp, 1 m-cu, cua-cup, and with cloudy brownish markings across branches of RP, MA, MP, Cu, and A1 veins; pterostigma brown, but creamy-yellow on proximal and distal ends; wing margin, longitudinal veins and costal crossveins alternately black and yellow, most remaining crossveins black. Hind wing similarly patterned with forewing, largely immaculate, with faintly brownish markings on 2ra-rp, 3ra-rp, distal branches of RA, and distal section of outer gradate series of crossveins ( Fig. 1 View Fig B-D, 2B-C).

Abdomen mostly black-brown; terga 2–6 each posteromedially with a subtriangular yellowish marking; tergum 9 ventrally yellow–brown; pleural region yellow; sterna with a yellowish median longitudinal stripe; ectoprocts and sternum 9 yellowish-brown.

Female. Coloration mostly similar to male. Areas which have densely setose patches in male replaced by a pair of yellowish spots ( Fig. 4D, H, K, O View Fig ). Apex of abdomen blackish.

Morphology. Male. Head ( Fig. 3 View Fig ) sparsely setose. Facial region rugosely sculptured, without a median hump posterior to antennal foramina. Vertex rugosely sculptured, distinctly domed with complete epicranial suture. Postocular margin narrow in lateral view, produced and angulated in dorsal view. Antenna with 42–47 segments, almost as long as the pronotum; scape robust, subcylindrical, twice as long as pedicel; pedicel slightly longer than flagellomere 1; flagellar segments not longitudinally compressed, each flagellomere nearly twice as long as wide.

Thorax ( Figs. 4A–C, E–G, I–J, M–N View Fig , 6A–D View Fig ). Pronotum robust, strongly swollen in anterior half and tubular in posterior half, slightly rugose dorsally, strongly rugose ventrally, without raised area anteromedial to maculae; dorsal surface without Stitz organs, bearing dense long thick setae on prominent bases, with pair of elliptical, concave, densely setose patches anteriad maculae, markedly larger than maculae; maculae elliptical, glossy; ventral tubular portion with a median longitudinal suture, anteriorly with a pair of projections flattened ventrally and close to each other. Pterothorax with mesonotum sparsely setose, but metanotum nearly glabrous except metascutellum. Legs bearing dense, long setae. Foreleg ( Fig. 5 View Fig A-C, F-G, J) raptorial; fore coxa slightly shorter than fore femur, with distal outer face distinctly longitudinally impressed; fore femur elliptical, not compressed along spine row, with a large major spine arising at c. 1/4 and 3–4 medium-length spines, 1

with a row of short thick setae medial to spine row and distal to major spine; fore tibia with medial apical margin not acutely produced, with a row of short, thick, black, prostrate setae; fore tarsus with segment 1 slightly longer than segment 5 but markedly shorter than 2–5 segments combined, segments 2–4 subequal in length (each shorter than segment 5), ventral surfaces of segment 1–4 each with a transverse pair of short, thick, black, prostrate (apices pointing distally) setae, each pretarsal claw bifid distally, arolium present. Mid and hind tarsi ( Fig. 5 View Fig D-E, H-I) each with segment 1 longer than segment 5 but shorter than segments 2–5 combined, each pretarsal claw bifid distally, arolium present.

Wings ( Fig. 1 View Fig B-D, 2B-C) finely setose along veins and entire wing margins; costal spaces continuous with pterostigma distally; incorporated veinlets of pterostigmata distinct; radial spaces subdivided by three crossveins into four cells; radial cells quite long, nearly four times as long as wide. Forewing not widened at middle, costal space broad with 11–13 crossvein proximad pterostigma, humeral vein bifurca te or simple; ScP deflexed toward costal margin just proximal to pterostigma, terminating on costal margin at level of distal-most ra-rp; subcostal space proximal to pterostigma with one crossvein at proximal 1/4, rather distal to level of 1 m-cu; pterostigma with one short crossvein connecting to RA at about proximal 1/5–1/4 length of 3 r cell, distal margin nearly straight and slightly oblique; RA with two marginally forked branches; RP with seven nearly straight main branches; MP diverging from R at or just distal of lm-cu; 1 m-cu upright, slightly distal to forking of Cu; Cu divergent basally; CuA with two distally simple or bifurcated branches; CuP nearly vertically curved proximally at cu-a, not approximating A1, with three simple branches; A1 and A2 each with two simple branches; A3 simple; jugal lobe margin with continuous short fine setae. Hindwing humeral plate with thick setae; costal space proximad pterostigma with 12–14 crossveins; medial section of ScP slightly curved towards costal margin; pterostigma similar to that of forewing but narrower; RA with two marginally forked branches; RP with seven or eight branches; MA separate from RP stem, with stem curved and upright; M diverging from R proximal to lm-cu; CuA deflexed towards and approximate to or touching A1, with 3 branches; cu-a absent or attenuate; A1 with three branches, A2 simple or bifurcate; A3 simple.

Abdomen not extended beyond apices of folded wings; terga 2–7 posteromedially with two pairs of depressed and weakly sclerotized scars ( Fig. 6 View Fig E-F). Male genitalia ( Figs. 7–9A–N View Fig View Fig View Fig ): Tergum 8 not extended to incorporate spiracles 8 but ventral margin very close to them. Segment 9 and ectoprocts with dense, very long, thick setae. Tergum 9 deeply arched anteroventrally, tapering lateroventrally, closely associated with base of sternum 9 ventrally; posterior margin strongly convex, without apodeme. Sternum 9 subtriangular, scoop-like, deeply arched anteriorly, surpassing apices of ectoprocts, posteromedially with a sub-coniform, basally enlarged and rounded process; process dorsally produced nearly perpendicular to longitudinal axis of sternum 9, internally hollowed into a large chamber, c. 1/3 length of entire sternum 9. Ectoprocts nearly rectangular in lateral view, directed posteroventrad, with prominent posteroventral corner, proximally fused with each other by a membrane; callus cerci present, humped. Setose patch beneath anus present. Gonarcus (gonocoxites 11) in lateral view strongly expanded medially, distally tapering into a curved lobe; posteromedial lobes paired, curved laterally and acutely tapering distad in ventral and caudal view. Gonocoxites 9 sclerotized strongly, not reaching level of apex of mediuncus, inflated and broadened; distal portion abruptly and vertically bended ventrally, slenderly elongated, terminally claw-like with 2–7 spines. Mediuncus (gonocoxites 10) slender, in lateral view with anterior apex broadened, curved dorsad, extended anterior 2 to gonocoxites 9; in ventral view uniform in width and posteriorly bifurcated. Hypomeres short, horn-like, sclerotized strongly, curved toward pseudopenis with acute tip; surfaces covering many minute fossae, without setae. Pseudopenis (gonostyli 10) strongly sclerotized, short and slender with acute tip. Hypandrium internum subtriangular, slightly curved laterally.

Female. Morphology mostly similar to male. Antenna with 46–48 segments. Pronotum ( Fig. 4D, H, K, O View Fig ) slightly slender, without setose patches anteriad maculae; maculae slightly prominent; venter of tubular portion anteriorly without projections. Female genitalia ( Fig. 10 View Fig ): Sternum 7 without crumena; posterior margin laterally produced and medially concaved. Gonocoxites 8 reduced and paired with setae. Gonapophyses 8 lateral to gonopore, paired, well-sclerotized, ovoid in ventral view but elongated, narrowed, and dorsally sinuated in lateral view. Gonopore large, distinctly produced, but posteroventrally incised. Tergum 9 entire, not fused with ectoprocts, without apodeme; ventral margin broadly rounded in lateral view. Gonocoxites 9 subquadrate, with dense long setae. Gonapophyses 9 present as single large plate, anterolaterally extended to dorsal portion of gonapophyses 8, posteriorly situated near anterodorsal corners of gonocoxites 9. Ectoproct subtriangular with dense long setae; callus cerci humped. Setose patch beneath anus present. Bursa copulatrix slenderly funnel-shaped, anteriorly produced into a digitiform acuminate lobe, dorsally with a sclerite ventral to gonapophyses 9; internal surface posteroventrally with a subtriangular sclerite. Spermatheca proximally enlarged with two acuminate lobes lateral to and nearly half length of bursa copulatrix; medial region 3 with a very slender and tubular structure; distal region abruptly enlarged, coiled. Fertilization canal strongly enlarged, with a small and short projection distally.

Material examined. Holotype ♂, China: Yunnan, Xishuangbanna, Mengla County, 1100 m, 25–27.IX.2017, Chao Wu [pinned, genitalia dissected] ( CAU MANDRE003 ) . Paratypes: 1♀, China: Yunnan, Xishuangbanna , Mengla County, 1100 m, 25–27.IX.2017, Chao Wu [pinned, genitalia dissected] ( IZCAS MANDRE004 ) ; 1♂, China: Yunnan, Honghe, Lvchun County, Huanglianshan National Nature Reserve , 1450 m, 26.VIII.2019, Chao Wu [light trap, pinned, genitalia dissected] ( CAU MANDRE002 ) ; 1♂, China: Yunnan, Honghe, Lvchun County, Huanglianshan National Nature Reserve , 1450 m, 26.VIII.2019, Chao Wu [light trap, pinned, genitalia dissected] ( IZCAS MANDRE001 ) ; 1♀, China: Yunnan, Xishuangbanna , Mengla County, 1100 m, 25–27.IX.2017, Chao Wu [alcohol] ( CAU MANDRE005 ) ; 1♀, China: Yunnan, Honghe, Lvchun County, Huanglianshan National Nature Reserve , 1450 m, 26.VIII.2019, Chao Wu [light trap, pinned] ( PCW) .

Distribution. The species is distributed in the south of Yunnan, China. The regions are mountainous and close to the boundaries between China, Laos and Vietnam ( Fig. 11 View Fig ), with tropical, subtropical rainforests and tropical monsoon forests in an altitudinal range of 1000–1500 m.

Etymology. The specific epithet “coniprocessa ” is a combination of “conus” (Latin, meaning “cone”) and “processus” (Latin, meaning “process”) in reference to the posteromedial sub-coniform process of male sternum 9. The gender of the name is feminine.

Remarks. The new species obviously belongs to Allomantispa because of the bifid pretarsal claws of forelegs, the presence of a pair of densely setose patches anterior to maculae on male pronotum, and the scoop-like male sternum 9 posteromedially with a large median process ( Liu et al., 2015). The new species resembles A. tibetana in having the following similar characters: the elliptical fore femur; the forewing not widened medially, with brown pterostigma bilaterally cream-yellow, and with narrow costal space; the mesoscutum with a pair of yellow stripes along scutal furrows, and the mesoscutellum with a large yellow marking. Major morphological differences between A. coniprocessa sp. nov. and A. tibetana have been provided in the above identification key. Besides, they can be easily differentiated in color patterns on the pronotum, wings, legs, and abdomen (see Table 3 View Table 3 ). Among them, the pronotal coloration shows a certain range of variation among sympatric individuals within the new species ( Fig. 4 View Fig ), being not an appropriate character solely used for species delimitation. By contrast, color patterns of head, pterothorax, wings, and abdomen are more stable and valuable for species identification.

Additionally, Liu et al. (2015) considered the condition of male sternum 9 (not surpassing the apices of ectoprocts) as a diagnostic character for Drepanicinae . However, this requires further reconsideration, because male sternum 9 in A. coniprocessa sp. nov. and some species of Theristria , such as T. felina (Gerstaecker, 1885) , T. stigma (Esben-Peterson, 1929) , T. cardaleae Lambkin, 1986 and T. hillieri (Navás, 1914) , slightly surpasses the apices of the ectoprocts ( Fig. 7 View Fig ; Lambkin, 1986a).