Alpaida tukano, Pamplona & Bonaldo & Pantoja, 2025

Alpaida tukano sp. nov.

Figs 6A–D View FIGURE 6 , 7A–D View FIGURE 7 , 8A–C View FIGURE 8 , 15 View FIGURE 15

Type material. Holotype ♂ from Base de Operações Geológicas Pedro de Moura ( 04°52'07.6''S, 65°15'53.6''W), Coari, Amazonas, Brazil, 11–20.VII.2003, A. Bonaldo & J. Dias coll. ( MPEG. ARA 031211 View Materials ) GoogleMaps . Paratypes. 1♀, same data as the holotype ( MPEG. ARA 031200 View Materials ) GoogleMaps ; 2♂, 1♀, same data as the holotype ( MPEG. ARA 031203 View Materials ) GoogleMaps .

Additional material examined. BRAZIL: Amazonas: Coari, Base de Operações Geólogo Pedro de Moura ( 04°52'07.6''S, 65°15'53.6''W), 11–20.VII.2003, A. Bonaldo & J. Dias coll., 1♂ ( MPEG. ARA 031190 View Materials ) GoogleMaps ; same locality as previous, 12–20.VII.2003, A. Bonaldo & J. Dias coll., 1♂ ( MPEG. ARA 031194 View Materials ) GoogleMaps ; same data as previous, 1♂ ( MPEG. ARA 031195 View Materials ) GoogleMaps ; same data as previous, 1♂ ( MPEG. ARA 031197 View Materials ) GoogleMaps ; same locality as previous, 01.X.2004, A. Bonaldo & J. Dias coll., 1♂ ( MPEG. ARA 031209 View Materials ) GoogleMaps ; same locality as previous (except 04°50'42.7''S, 65°17'15.7''W), 03.XI.2008, S. Dias et al. coll., 1♀ ( MPEG. ARA 031544 View Materials ) GoogleMaps ; Porto Urucu ( 04°53'42.5''S, 65°11'18.2''W), 17.VII.2003, D. Guimarães coll., 1♂ ( MPEG. ARA 031208 View Materials ) GoogleMaps ; same locality as previous, 19–22.VII.2003, A. Bonaldo & J. Dias coll., 1♀ ( MPEG. ARA 0311192 View Materials ) GoogleMaps ; Novo Airão, Parque Nacional do Jaú ( 02°17'40.3''S, 62°), 27'19.5'' W, B. Santos coll., 1♂ ( MPEG. ARA 037627 View Materials ) ; same data as previous, 1♂ ( MPEG. ARA 037580 View Materials ) ; same data as previous except N. Feitosa coll., 1♂ ( MPEG. ARA 037571 View Materials ) ; same data as previous, 1♂ ( MPEG. ARA 037572 View Materials ) ; same locality as previous (except 02°18'14.6''S, 62°29'23.4''W), N. Feitosa coll., 1♂ ( MPEG. ARA 037565 View Materials ) GoogleMaps ; same locality as previous (except 02°17'52.2''S, 62°27'6.2''W), N. Feitosa coll., 1♂ ( MPEG. ARA 037570 View Materials ) GoogleMaps ; same locality as previous (except 02°17'52.4''S, 62°29'46.6''W), N. Feitosa coll., 1♂, 1♀ ( MPEG. ARA 037557 View Materials ) GoogleMaps ; same data as previous, except N. Feitosa coll., 1♂ ( MPEG. ARA 037556 View Materials ) GoogleMaps .

Etymology. The name Tukano is a noun in apposition and honors the Tukano indigenous tribes from the Upper Rio Negro region in the Amazon and reflects the cultural and geographical connection to Coari, where the species is found, acknowledging the link between local biodiversity and the region's traditional communities.

Diagnosis. Males of A. tukano sp. nov. are similar to those of A. rosa Levi, 1988 ( Levi 1988, p. 463, figs 499, 500), A. versicolor Keyserling, 1877 ( Levi 1988, figs 158, 159) and A. dominica Levi, 1988 ( Levi 1988, figs 152, 153) by having terminal apophysis with a median anterior projection and an elongated, anteriorly projected distal lobe ( Figs 6C, D View FIGURE 6 , 8A View FIGURE 8 ). Males of A. tukano sp. nov. are distinguished from those three species by having an inconspicuous median anterior projection on the distal lobe (large, pointed in the other species) and a longer than wide, blade-shaped basal prong of the terminal apophysis ( Fig. 8A View FIGURE 8 ), and specifically from A. versicolor and A. dominica by the shorter and wider embolus, longer than wide conductor, which bears a median longitudinal sheath, and by the absence of a pointed median projection on the distal lobe of the terminal apophysis ( Figs 6C, D View FIGURE 6 , 8A View FIGURE 8 ). Females of Alpaida tukano sp. nov. resemble those of A. hoffmanni Levi, 1988 ( Levi 1988, figs 92−94) and A. chapada Levi, 1988 ( Levi 1988, figs 97−99) by the epigyne with a triangular conspicuous median scape in ventral view and a smooth posterior plate and semicircular lateral edges in posterior view ( Figs 7D View FIGURE 7 , 8C View FIGURE 8 ). Females of A. tukano sp. nov. are distinguished from those species by the epigyne bearing a longer than wide posterior plate ( Figs 7C View FIGURE 7 , 8B View FIGURE 8 ) and the abdomen lacking an anterior hump ( Fig. 7A View FIGURE 7 ), while in A. chapada and A. hoffmani , the epigynal posterior plate is wider than long and the abdomen has anterior and posterior humps ( Levi 1988, figs. 93, 94, 98, 99).

Description. Male (based on holotype MPEG.ARA 031211): carapace yellow ( Fig. 6A View FIGURE 6 ); chelicerae and maxillae orange with brown shading, labium brown ( Fig. 6B View FIGURE 6 ); sternum yellow with brown spots, cordiform, and orange contour ( Fig. 6B View FIGURE 6 ). Legs yellow apically and brown distally, except by the metatarsi entirely yellow and coxae ventrally mottled pale gray. Abdomen oval; dorsum pale gray, with two pairs of anterior dark gray spots and four transversal dark gray stripes ( Fig. 6A View FIGURE 6 ); venter pale gray with a Y-shaped gray median spot, dark gray on the sides ( Fig. 6B View FIGURE 6 ). Palp ( Figs 6C, D View FIGURE 6 , 8A View FIGURE 8 ): with tegular lobe sinuous; terminal apophysis with basal prong longer than wide, medially with a sclerotized keel and distal lobe curved apically and projected anteriorly; conductor lobe thin, mushroom-shaped; conductor longer than wide; embolus short, longer than wide, posteriorly directed; median apophysis U-shaped in ventral view and not reaching past beyond the tegulum; Measurements. Total length: 3.91. Carapace: length 2.00; width 1.52. Leg I: femur 1.82; patella + tibia: 2.86; metatarsus 1.84; tarsus 0.89. Patella + tibia II 1.96; III 1.48; IV 2.57.

Female (based on paratype MPEG.ARA 031200): carapace light yellow with dark brown margins ( Fig. 7A View FIGURE 7 ); chelicerae, maxillae, labium and sternum as in male but darker ( Fig. 7B View FIGURE 7 ). Legs as in male, but coxae mottled dark gray ( Figs 7A, B View FIGURE 7 ). Abdomen oval; dorsum pale gray with two pairs of anterior spots and indistinct median and posterior transversal spots ( Fig. 7A View FIGURE 7 ); venter pale gray, dark gray on the sides ( Fig. 7B View FIGURE 7 ). Epigyne ( Figs 7C, D View FIGURE 7 , 8B, C View FIGURE 8 ) with subtriangular scape bearing a subposterior pocket and an elongated, slender longitudinal notch; posterior plate longer than wide with a narrow and straight base, and convex lips. Measurements. Total length: 4.33. Carapace: length 1.95; width 1.43. Leg I: femur 1.75; patella + tibia: 2.42; metatarsus 1.36; tarsus 0.72. Patella + tibia II 1.91; III 1.51; IV 2.34.

Natural history. The examined specimens were collected in forested areas, including interior, edges and clearings, using pitfall traps and Winkler extractor. This indicates this species can build webs close to the ground.

Distribution. Known from the state of Amazonas, Brazil ( Fig. 15 View FIGURE 15 ).