Ariasa iporaensis, Maccagnan & Sanborn & de Sá & Romano, 2025

Ariasa iporaensis View in CoL n.sp. Maccagnan and Sanborn.

( Figs. 2 View Fig , 3 View Fig , 4 View Fig ).

Zoobank Registration number: https://zoobank.org/act/ 3850D4E5-A02D-4396–9760-8918D7315D95

Type material. Holotype. “ Iporá, GO, Brazil / Área Urbana / 18/IV/2015 / de Sá, M.A.P. col. // CE-UEG / n°00389” one male ( INPA). Paratypes. “ Iporá, GO, Brazil / Área Urbana / 01/Mai/2015 / de Sá, M.A.P. col. // CE-UEG / n°00271” one male ( AFSC) ; “ Iporá, GO, Brazil / Área Urbana / 01/IV/2015 / de Sá, M.A.P. col. // CE-UEG / n°00270” one male ( AFSC) ; “ Iporá, GO, Brazil / Área Urbana / 24/Abr/2015 / de Sá, M.A.P. col. // CE-UEG / n°00272” one female ( AFSC) ; “ Iporá, GO, Brazil / Área Urbana / 05/III/2011 / Maccagnan, D.H.B. col. // CE-UEG / n°00347” one male ( UEG) ; “ Iporá, GO, Brazil / Área Urbana / 18/IV/2015 / de Sá, M.A.P. col. // CE-UEG / n°00348” one male ( INPA) ; “ Iporá, GO, Brazil / Área Urbana / 24/ abr/2015 / de Sá, M.A.P. col. // CE-UEG / n°00349” one male ( MNRJ) ; “ Iporá, GO, Brazil / Área Urbana / 16/ IV/2015 / de Sá, M.A.P. col. // CE-UEG / n°00350” one male ( MNRJ) ; “ Iporá, GO, Brazil / Área Urbana / VI/2015 / Maccagnan, D.H.B. col.// CE-UEG / n°00351” one male ( DHBM) ; “ Iporá, GO, Brazil / Área Urbana / 24/abr/2015 / de Sá, M.A.P. col. // CE-UEG / n°00352” one male ( MNRJ) ; “ Iporá, GO, Brazil / Área Urbana / 18/IV/2015 / Maccagnan, D.H.B. col. // CE-UEG / n°00353” one male ( MNRJ) ; “ Iporá, GO, Brazil / Área Urbana / VI/2015 / Maccagnan, D.H.B. col. // CE-UEG / n°00354” one male ( DHBM) ; “ Iporá, GO, Brazil / Área Urbana / IV/2015 / Maccagnan, D.H.B. col. // CE-UEG / n°00355” one male ( DHBM) ; “ Iporá, GO, Brazil / Área Urbana / 10/abr/2015 / Maccagnan, D.H.B. col. // CE-UEG / n°00356” one male ( MNRJ) ; “ Iporá, GO, Brazil / Área Urbana / 11/abr/2015 / Maccagnan, D.H.B. col. // CE-UEG / n°00357” one male ( MNRJ) ; “ Iporá, GO, Brazil / Área Urbana / 03/abr/2015 / Maccagnan, D.H.B. col./c/ exúvia // CE-UEG / n°00358” one male ( DHBM) ; “ Iporá, GO, Brazil / Área Urbana / 26/ III/2015 / Maccagnan, D.H.B. col. // CE-UEG / n°00359” one male ( INPA) ; “ Iporá, GO, Brazil / Área Urbana / 01/ IV/2015 / de Sá, M.A.P. col. // CE-UEG / n°00360” one male ( INPA) ; “ Iporá, GO, Brazil / Área Urbana / 01/IV/2015 / de Sá, M.A.P. col. // CE-UEG / n°00361” one male ( INPA) ; “ Iporá, GO, Brazil / Área Urbana / 21/V/2015 / de Sá, M.A.P. col. // CE-UEG / n°00362” one male ( INPA) ; “ Iporá, GO, Brazil / Área Urbana / 21/V/2015 / de Sá, M.A.P. col. // CE-UEG / n°00363” one female ( DHBM) ; “ Iporá, GO, Brazil / Área Urbana / 21/V/2015 / de Sá, M.A.P. col. // CE-UEG / n°00364” one female ( DHBM) ; “ Iporá, GO, Brazil / Área Urbana / 21/V/2015 / de Sá, M.A.P. col. // CE-UEG / n°00365” one female ( DHBM) ; “ Iporá, GO, Brazil / Área Urbana / 21/V/2015 / de Sá, M.A.P. col. // CE-UEG / n°00366” one female ( DHBM); “ Iporá, GO, Brazil / Área Urbana / 21/V/2015 / de Sá, M.A.P. col. // CE-UEG / n°00367” one female ( DHBM); “ Iporá, GO, Brazil / Área Urbana / 24/abr/2015 / de Sá, M.A.P. col. // CE-UEG / n°00368” one female ( DHBM); “ Iporá, GO, Brazil / Área Urbana / 24/abr/2015 / de Sá, M.A.P. col. // CE-UEG / n°00369” one female ( DHBM); “ Iporá, GO, Brazil / Área Urbana / 24/abr/2015 / de Sá, M.A.P. col. // CE-UEG / n°00370” one female ( DHBM); “ Iporá, GO, Brazil / Área Urbana / 03/IV/2015 / de Sá, M.A.P. col. // CE-UEG / n°00371” one female ( MNRJ); “ Iporá, GO, Brazil / Área Urbana / 03/IV/2015 / de Sá, M.A.P. col. // CE-UEG / n°00372” one female ( MNRJ); “ Iporá, GO, Brazil / Área Urbana / 12/VI/2015 / de Sá, M.A.P. col. // CE-UEG / n°00373” one female ( MNRJ); “ Iporá, GO, Brazil / VI/2015 / Maccagnan, D.H.B. col. // CE-UEG / n°00374” one female ( DHBM); “ Iporá, GO, Brazil / Área Urbana / 19/VII/2015 / Maccagnan, D.H.B. col. // CE-UEG / n°00375” one female ( MNRJ); “ Iporá, GO, Brazil / Área Urbana / 19/VI/2015 / Maccagnan, D.H.B. col. // CE-UEG / n°00376” one female ( MNRJ); “ Iporá, GO, Brazil / Área Urbana / 18/V/2015 / Maccagnan, D.H.B. col. // CE-UEG / n°00377” one female ( MNRJ); “ Iporá, GO, Brazil / Área Urbana / 18/IV/2015 / Maccagnan, D.H.B. col. // CE-UEG / n°00378” one female ( MNRJ); “ Iporá, GO, Brazil / Área Urbana / 26/III/2015 / Maccagnan, D.H.B. col. // CE-UEG / n°00379” one female ( MNRJ); “ Iporá, GO, Brazil / Área Urbana / 26/III/2015 / Maccagnan, D.H.B. col. // CE-UEG / n°00380” one female ( INPA); “ Iporá, GO, Brazil / Área Urbana / 26/III/2015 / Maccagnan, D.H.B. col. // CE-UEG / n°00381” one female ( INPA); “ Iporá, GO, Brazil / 15/abr/2015 / Maccagnan, D.H.B. col. // CE-UEG / n°00382” one female ( INPA); “ Iporá, GO, Brazil / Área Urbana / 17/V/2015 / Maccagnan, D.H.B. col. // CE-UEG / n°00383” one female ( INPA); “ Iporá, GO, Brazil / 27/VIII/2015 / Maccagnan, D.H.B. col. // CE-UEG / n°00385” one female ( INPA); “ Iporá, GO, Brazil / Área Urbana / 05/VI/2015 / Maccagnan, D.H.B. col. // CE-UEG / n°00386” one female ( INPA); “ Iporá, GO, Brazil / Área Urbana / 16/maio/2020 / Machado, A.O. col. // CE-UEG / n°00388” one male ( DHBM).

Etymology. The name is a combination of ipora —the type locality—and ensis (L. suffix denoting place, locality) in reference to the type locality where the species is abundant in urban areas.

Diagnosis. The new species can be distinguished quickly from A. diupsilon ( Walker 1850 ), A. urens ( Walker 1852 ), and A. venezuelaensis Sanborn 2020 by the smaller body sizes (body length less than 21 mm) of these species. The white basal areas of the wings and the unicolorous piceous abdominal tergites distinguish A. albiplica ( Walker 1858 ) from the new species. Ariasa nigrorufa ( Walker 1850 ) can be distinguished by the red lateral and posterior abdominal tergites found in this species. The ochraceous pronotal scutes, pronotal collar, costal margin, and lateral abdominal tergites quickly distinguish A. arechavaletae ( Berg 1884 ) from the new species. The brown fore wing basal cell marking, truncated anterior postclypeus margin, and white pubescent spots on lateral abdominal tergite 8 distinguish A. alboapicata ( Distant 1905 ) from the new species. The head and mesothorax are mostly piceous and the transverse piceous fascia on the anterior pronotal collar are unique to A. nigrovittata Distant 1905 and distinguish it from the new species.

The new species is most similar to a complex within the genus composed of A. albimaculosa Sanborn 2016a , A. bartletti Sanborn 2016a , A. bilaqueata ( Uhler 1903 ), A. colombiae ( Distant 1892 ), A. egregia ( Uhler 1903 ), A. maryannae Sanborn 2016b , and A. russelli Sanborn 2016b . The new species can be distinguished by the long rostrum reaching the abdominal sternite III in the new species while the rostrum does not reach the abdomen in A. albimaculosa , A. bartletti , or A. colombiae and only extends to abdominal sternite I in A. bilaqueata , A. egregia , and A. russelli . Only A. maryannae has a rostrum extending to abdominal sternite II, which approaches the new species, but A. maryannae can be distinguished by the completely piceous anterior vertex, the almost completely piceous fore wing basal cell, the male operculum lacks the posterolateral extension of the new species, the female operculum has a curved posterior margin, the basal pygofer lobes are parallel with the terminus rotating medially, the dorsal crest is flattened laterally, the lateral branch of the uncus is smoothly curved beneath the dorsal crest, and the lateral extensions of the medial notch in female sternite VII is longer than the lateral posterior margin in this species.

General coloration. Ground color of head greenish tawny marked with piceous, thorax and abdomen tawny marked with piceous and castaneous ( Fig. 3 View Fig ). Ventral head and thorax covered with white pubescence. Body covered with copious pile ( Figs. 2 View Fig and 3 View Fig ). Greenish tawny faded to tawny in some paratypes.

Head ( Fig. 3 B – D View Fig ). Head wider than mesonotum. Piceous surrounding ocelli expanding anteriorly across frons, anterolaterally along epicranial suture anterior arm, dorsolateral extension from epicranial suture anterior arm to median eye expanding along eye margin posterior margin marked with castaneous centrally, mark extending posterolaterally from between ocelli to posterior margin of head on either side of castaneous epicranial suture, reduced to piceous spots in some paratypes, greenish tawny on either side of epicranial suture on posterior head margin. Supra-antennal plate greenish tawny with piceous margin with vertex and piceous spot on anteromedial margin with postclypeus. Ovoid greenish tawny mark on anterior vertex. Greenish tawny fascia from anterior cranial depression to posterior cranial depression. Eyes castaneous, ocelli golden, rosaceous in some paratypes. Head covered with short golden pile dorsally, short silvery pile on posterior head, longer silvery pile posterior to eye. Gena greenish tawny, transverse piceous mark between lateral postclypeus to the eye, expanding to surround the eye. Lorum piceous with tawny spot on anteromedial corner, lorum and gena covered with white pubescence and long silvery pile. Postclypeus globose ( Fig. 3 D View Fig ), centrally sulcate, sulcus greenish tawny on dorsum and apex, piceous in middle, and castaneous on posteroventral region, greenish tawny region on apex expanding dorsoposteriorly to medial triangle along frontoclypeal suture, reduced to transverse lines in some paratypes. Postclypeus with ten piceous transverse grooves connected medially by piceous fascia, transverse ridges greenish tawny, expanded into transverse grooves in some paratypes. Postclypeus covered with thick white pubescence, short golden pile on dorsum, long silvery pile on lateral margin. Anteclypeus medial anterior margin and carina castaneous with anterior half lighter, lateral and posterior margin piceous, covered with thick white pubescence and long silvery pile. Rostrum with tawny mentum and labium, labium with piceous tip, labium long, reaching anterior margin of sternite III in male and middle to posterior margin of sternite III in female. Antennae piceous.

Thorax ( Fig. 3 B View Fig ). Dorsal thorax greenish tawny. Pronotum with piceous mark on either side of midline expanding anteriorly and posteriorly into triangular forms, posterior mark fusing on midline in posterior ambient fissure, not reaching posterior margin in some paratypes. Paramedian, lateral, and posterior ambient fissures piceous. Piceous mark in paramedian fissure not reaching midline, extending posteriorly onto disc from middle of fissure, elliptical piceous mark on disc between paramedian and lateral fissures and piceous mark extending from medial end of paramedian suture. Pronotal collar green, piceous spot on lateral region of lateral angle of pronotal collar, absent in some paratypes. Pronotum covered with short silvery pile, denser in sutures and on lateral pronotal collar. Mesonotum greenish tawny, submedian sigilla, except central region of lateral margin along parapsidal suture, medial, anterior and anterolateral lateral sigilla and area between lateral sigilla and parapsidal suture piceous. Remaining lateral sigilla castaneous, piceous in some paratypes. Piceous mark along parapsidal suture extending around posterior submedian sigilla fusing along midline and extending posteriorly, reducing along midline to a point anterior to cruciform elevation, curved piceous mark in groove anterior to anterior arms of cruciform elevation, posterior to anterior arms of cruciform elevation, scutal depressions, and posterolateral mesonotum piceous. Wing groove piceous, covered with long silvery pile. Mesonotum covered with short gold pile dorsally and between anterior arms of cruciform elevation, longer on posterior margin, long silvery pile laterally, white pubescent spots on anterolateral corner and lateral margin of mesonotum. Metanotum greenish, radiating long silvery pile. Ventral thoracic segments greenish tawny except piceous basisternum 2, piceous spot on lateral katepisternum 2, and castaneous basisternum 3 with piceous posterior margin, sternites covered with white pubescence and long white pile.

Wings ( Fig. 3 View Fig ). Fore wings and hindwings hyaline with eight and six apical cells respectively. Fore wing with costa to node and proximal venation tawny except posterior of anal vein 2 + 3, all venation becoming piceous distally, piceous fascia between costal and radius + subcostal veins, piceous mark at proximal base of cubitus posterior + anal vein 1. Basal cell entirely opaque with piceous spot in corner at intersection of arculus and radius + subcostal veins, not reaching cubitus anterior vein. Proximal clavus piceous, spot absent in some paratypes. Pterostigma extending to one-third of apical cell 1. Basal membrane of fore wing white at base becoming gray distally. Hindwing venation tawny proximally becoming piceous distally, except piceous spot on proximal cubitus anterior and cubitus posterior veins, anal vein 3 piceous. Piceous mark at base of cubital cells 1 and 2. Anal cell 2 with gray mark along anal vein 2 and anal vein 3 margined with infuscation. Anal cell 3 white with gray mark along anal vein 3.

Legs. Anterior leg tawny, coxae piceous at base, large triangular castaneous marks on medial and lateral coxa surface, castaneous mark on central trochanter, femur with castaneous dorsal and distolateral surfaces, tibiae dark castaneous with tawny mark close to proximal base. Fore femur ( Fig. 3E View Fig ) with proximal spine oblique, secondary spine largest, upright and small, slightly angled tertiary spine, all dark castaneous with piceous tips and bases connected by piceous fascia. Tarsi dark castaneous, pretarsal claws castaneous with piceous tips. Middle and hing legs tawny, coxa with piceous mark on lateral base, triangular mark on anterior and posterior surfaces, trochanter with piceous mark extending from anterior base, absent in hind trochanter, and on ventral side, reduced in hind trochanter, femur striped with longitudinal castaneous marks expanding proximally and distally near terminus, tibiae castaneous on proximal end and large annular mark proximal to distal terminus. Middle leg tarsi piceous, hind leg tarsi dark castaneous except tawny distal pretarsus. Tibial spurs and tibial comb dark castaneous. Pretarsal claws castaneous. Male meracanthus ( Fig. 3G View Fig ) pointed, curved mediad, not reaching anterior sternite II, tawny with a piceous base. Female meracanthus ( Fig. 4C View Fig ) long, pointed, curved mediad, reaching middle of sternite II, tawny with piceous base.

Operculum. Male operculum ( Fig. 3G View Fig ) triangular with rounded posterolateral margin, not reaching to anterior of sternite II in holotype, but posterolateral extension barely reaching sternite II in some paratypes. Tawny with piceous base, covered with thick white pubescence and silvery pile radiating from margin. Lateral margin straight, angled posteromedially, rounded posterolateral margin, posteromedial margin curved slightly, medial margin extending to just mediad of meracanthus, operculum not covering tympanal cavity posterolaterally, posteromedially or medially. Shape variable in paratypes, lateral margin angle and size of posterolateral extension most variable. Female operculum ( Fig. 4C View Fig ) triangular with smoothly rounded posterolateral margin, reaching anterior of sternite II, tawny with piceous base, covered with thick white pubescence and silvery pile radiating from margin. Lateral margin slightly curved, posterior margin straight with anterior curve to base medially. Medial margin reaching to middle of meracanthus. Some variability in angle of lateral margin and amount of curvature in posterolateral apex.

Abdomen ( Fig. 3 A View Fig ). Abdominal tergites transversely striped with piceous anteriorly, castaneous posteriorly, posterior margin and membrane between tergites greenish tawny, piceous expanded in female paratypes, timbal cover ( Fig. 3 F View Fig ) tawny centrally, castaneous in some paratypes, margined with piceous. Tergites covered with long and short golden pile dorsally, denser on anterior and lateral tergites, piceous pile on dorsal and dorsolateral tergites 4–6, silvery pile on posterior tergite margins, posterior timbal cover margin, and posterolateral tergites 2–7, additional pile on dorsolateral female tergites forming dorsolateral silver fasciae in some paratypes. Timbal cover incomplete exposing timbal dorsally, posterior margin straight, angled anterolaterally, curled posteriorly, dorsal margin slightly arching to rounded anterior apex, ventral margin straight and parallel to long body axis. Epipleurites castaneous with piceous mark on anterior region and greenish tawny posterior, covered with piceous and golden pile and white pubescent. Sternites greenish tawny with transverse piceous marks on anterior region of sternites II, III, and VII, some paratypes with medial piceous marks on sternites in variable configurations, male sternite VII piceous anteriorly, margined with castaneous posteriorly and greenish tawny posterior half. Male sternite VII ( Fig. 3 H View Fig ) sub-rectangular with rounded posterolateral angles and a medial depression in posterior margin. Male sternite VIII greenish tawny. Sternites covered with golden pile. Female sternite VII ( Fig. 4 E View Fig ) with sinuate posterior margin and medial notch, piceous mark on middle posterior margin enclosing notch, medial mark variable in paratypes extending to anterior margin and/or extending laterally to fuse with anterolateral spots, spots becoming castaneous on posterior in some paratypes. Female abdominal segment 9 ( Fig. 4D View Fig .) greenish tawny with piceous dorsolateral surfaces extending to posterior margin, expanding along anterior margin forming triangular piceous region on dorsolateral surface, covered with dense, long golden pile. Piceous spot on stigma, connected to dorsolateral piceous mark by castaneous or piceous mark in various paratypes. Dorsal beak piceous. Posterior margin of abdominal segment 9 sinuate.

Genitalia ( Fig. 3 I – K View Fig ). Male pygofer piceous dorsally and posterolaterally, castaneous anterolaterally, basal lobe castaneous with basal medial margin greenish tawny, uncus piceous, anal tube tawny, anal styles piceous. Pygofer basal lobe angled lateral from base, terminus rounded, flattened, curved mediad, extending about half pygofer length. Uncal dorsal crest straight, terminus rounded with small recurved posterior extension. Lateral branch of uncus reaching about half length of dorsal crest, lateral section extended about the length of the dorsal crest, tapering to rounded triangular apex when viewed from the side, meeting along midline to support aedeagus. Aedeagus tubular, castaneuous with ochraceous terminal membrane.

Female gonocoxite VIII ( Fig. 4 E View Fig ) greenish tawny, gonocoxite IX castaneous, gonocoxite X piceous. Ovipositor sheath, extending beyond dorsal beak and anal styles, with long and short golden pile. Ovipositor with seven or eight teeth. Anal styles castaneous.

Measurements (mm). N = 18 males or 24 females, mean (range). Length of body: male 25.33 (23.38–26.96), female 26.32 (23.81–29.49); length of head including postclypeus: male 3.54 (3.34–3.82), female 3.67 (3.2–4.15); width of head including eyes: male 10.59 (10.08–11.14), female 10.91 (10.27–11.72); greatest distance between the two dorsal ocelli: male 1.64 (1.51–1.77), female 1.72 (1.58–1.88); length of postclypeus male 3.75 (3.38–4.06), female 3.87 (3.42–4.21); width of postclypeus male 3.56 (3.17–3.85), female 3.59 (3.21–3.95); length of fore femur male 4.39 (3.94–4.86), female 4.48 (4.04–5.03); length of pronotum including pronotal collar: male 4.09 (3.88–4.38), female 4.27 (3.65–4.78); width of pronotum including pronotal collar: male 10.38 (9.67–11.09), female 10.78 (9.73–11.91); length of mesonotum: male 5.91 (5.36–6.9), female 6.11 (5.62–6.74); width of mesonotum: male 9.00 (8.56–9.61), female 9.23 (8.36–10.08); length of fore wing: male 34.30 (32.12–36.58), female 35.84 (34.02–39.42); width of fore wing: male 10.36 (9.93–11.05), female 10.66 (9.87–11.39); length of hindwing: male 17.19 (15.71–18.39), female 18.38 (16.85–20.34); width of hindwing: male 7.68 (7.18–8.21), female 7.95 (7.48–8.52).

Distribution. The species is currently known only from the type series collected in the region of Iporá, in western Goiás, Brazil.

Acoustic Analysis

Males called from the trunk and thick branches of trees at heights of at least 3 m. Some specimens were observed singing from urban lamp posts made of wood or concrete so that feeding is not required while emitting signals. Males would call in isolation unless there was a high population density when small choruses would form. Male would sing and stay on the same perch for extended periods of time. In some observations, it appeared that a male stayed in the same place for several days. Most intense activity was from 9.00 a.m. to 12.00 p.m. when the greatest number of males were emitting signals. During the afternoon, sporadic signals were heard until around 3.00 p.m. Emission of signals was not observed at dawn or at dusk.

Eighteen calling songs recorded from nine males were analyzed. The calling song of A. iporaensis n. sp. lasted 25.3 s ± 7.2 (16.1–36.9) with a dominant frequency of 5335.1 Hz ± 107.6 (5132–5531) ( Figs. 5 View Fig and 6 View Fig ). The call initiated with a buzzing (first part) lasting 13.6 s ± 6.8 (4.6–24.6). The first part was composed of groups of four distinct pulses with a repetition rate of 55.5 Hz ± 4.69 (46–62). There were up to three or four modulations in the posterior third of this phase. The second part sounded like a whistle lasting 11.3 s ± 2.3 (6.8–16.4). The pulse repetition rate was 521.3 Hz ± 32.34 (480–560) during the second part of the call. There was no significant difference between dominant frequency of the both parts (F = 0.027; p = 0.86). Calling song can be emitted in sequence of several with a short silent interval. Mean sound pressure levels were determined to be 93.0 dB, + 2.50 dB, − 6.50 dB (range of individual measurements 87.0–97.0 dB).

Four males were recorded emitting a short call ( Fig. 7 View Fig ). This has the same pattern as the calling song but it is much shorter, with a first part lasting 0.68 s ± 0.2 (0.44–1.12) and the second part lasting 1.23 s ± 0.49 (0.66–2.22). The full short call lasted 1.91 s ± 0.56 (1.1–2.88) and has a rapid increase of amplitude with an abrupt ending. The mean of dominant frequency was 5020.8 Hz ± 105.9 (4875–5156). The short calls were produced in sequences of two and three without a silent period. Once it was possible to observe that a male emitted a short call sequence in an interaction with another male that had landed a few centimeters from the emitter. There was a conflict and the invader flew. This short call was heard sometimes coming from a tree where only a single male was singing, suggesting the signal may also be used in an interaction with a female, probably as a courtship song.

Exuvia Description

The body is beige in color, with sparses setae, denser on ventral surface and legs ( Fig. 8B View Fig ). Some sparse white wax on the body, more intense in ventral parts, including legs. Postclypeus inflated, bulbous covered with dense setae. Antenae nine segmented, slightly angled between scape and pedicel, scape and pedicel more developed, other articles gradually smaller. The fore femur with a long and sharp posterior tooth, slightly bent forward, about three times longer than the width of its base, a robust and not sharp accessory tooth, strong intermediate tooth with an angled projection in anterior margin, femoral comb with six to seven teeth, the first one wide and projected forward ( Fig. 8C View Fig ). Tibia arched, flattened laterally, apical tooth long, tip of blade of tibia developed and separated from the apical tooth by a strong incision, followed by a well-defined tooth. Tarsi two-segmented with claws at tip. Mesothoracic tibia contains several protrusions on its external surface, some spike like, five apical spines, the innermost being reduced ( Fig. 8D View Fig ), tarsi two-segmented with claws at tip. Metathoracic tibiae with four apical spines, inner pair elongated and parallel, and the others reduced, tarsi two-segmented with claws at tip ( Fig. 8E View Fig ). Abdomen with few setae along the dorsal region and in the ventral region there is a concentration of setae almost at the end of the abdomen. Male 10th sternite with two smooth projections in the anterior margin ( Fig. 8F View Fig ). Female can be easily distinguished by the dorsal and ventral gonaphyses in distal sternites ( Fig. 8G View Fig ). Male and female are significantly different in body size (α ≤ 0.05) ( Table 1 View Table 1 ).

Emergence Pattern

The collections resulted in a large number of exuvia, indicating A. iporaensis n. sp. as an abundant cicada in the studied area ( Table 2 View Table 2 ). Although there was no collection in 2014, adults of A. iporaensis n. sp. occurred normally throughout that year (pers. obs.), determining it is an annual cicada.

Emergence of A. iporaensis n. sp. begins at the end of February or early March and continues until around the third week of September ( Fig. 9 View Fig ). This period corresponds to the end of the rainy season until the end of the dry season ( Fig. 10 View Fig ). Although there was a slight male bias in the initial emergence pattern and the last emerging individuals were generally female in both collections years, the general model indicates a synchronic emergence pattern of the both sexes during most of the emergence period.

Oviposition

Inspecting the bark of the trunk collected, holes were found consistent with the penetration of the female’s ovipositor ( Fig. 11C View Fig ). Using a scalpel, layers were removed until the eggs were exposed ( Fig. 11D View Fig ). Five different masses of eggs were found, each with between six and eight eggs arranged in a double row. All eggs were embedded in the inner part of the tree bark, in a layer of cork. The eggs were fusiform in shape and white in color. The measurements of the eggs ( N = 23) were 1.6 ± 0.11 mm (1.5–1.8) long by 0.3 ± 0.03 mm (0.25–0.35) wide.