Boesenbergia

Boesenbergia View in CoL relationships

Two well-supported clades of Boesenbergia taxa are retrieved in the combined analyses ( Fig. 1 View Fig ). The Boesenbergia s.str. clade, clade I, (80 % ML, 75 % MP, 1.00 PP) includes its type B. pulcherrima (Wall.) Kuntze and distichous flowering taxa; and the other, clade II, includes accessions of one-sided flowering Boesenbergia as well as the former genus Haplochorema (99 % ML, 99 % MP, 1.00 PP). In addition, two accessions of Boesenbergia outside these two clades are not resolved, B. siamensis and B. purpureorubra . The placement of B. siamensis was unaffected by sister-group choice, always falling sister to clade II, but the placement of B. purpureorubra varied, either falling sister to B. siamensis or sister to clade I ( Table 1). The chromosome counts of taxa in clade II are 2n = 24, but counts are available only for two Boesenbergia taxa, B. rotunda (L.) Mansf. and B. ochroleuca (Ridl.) Schltr. The chromosome count of B. siamensis is 2n = 24 ( Fig. 2 View Fig ). Taxa in clade I have mostly 2n = 20 chromosomes though this ranges from 18 to 36 ( Goldblatt & Johnson 1991, Eksomtramage & Boontum 1995, Eksomtramage et al. 2002, Mood et al. 2018, 2019). Boesenbergia purpureorubra had a chromosome count of 2n = 20 ( Fig. 2 View Fig ). Morphology places these taxa confidently within Boesenbergia , but the molecular phylogenetic framework with these markers does not provide conclusive support for monophyly of the genus, or clear relationships within the genus beyond the two clades mentioned above.