Bonnetina hijmenseni, Ortiz & Francke, 2017

BONNETINA HIJMENSENI View in CoL SP. NOV.

( FIGS 1, 2, 9E, F, 18, 25M–O, 27J; TABLES 1, 3)

urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:99A7C0F5-6615-495B-A0CB-EE754727BC56

Types (n = 2): Holotype. ♂ a ( CNAN-T1063 ). MEXICO: Guerrero State: La Unión de Isidoro Montes de Oca municipality: Lagunillas junction (km 30, Federal road 337): 17.84067°, 101.71044°: 50 masl. 30/XI/2009. Emmanuel Goyer, Justin Coburn, Eddy Hijmensen, and Boris F. Striffler, cols. Under a stone in tropical deciduous forest . Allotype. ♀ ( CNAN-T1064 ): same data as holotype .

Other material examined (not paratypes) (n = 2): ♂ a (CNAN-Ar10097A) and ♀ (CNAN-Ar10097B):

captive-bred in the European tarantula pet trade. Traded as B. rudloffi .

Etymology: The specific name is a patronym in honour of the Dutch mechanical engineer, naturalist photographer and amateur arachnologist Eduard (Eddy) Johan Hijmensen. He has made a great contribution to this paper, by providing very useful information, specimens that he collected in the field, and other specimens that he obtained from the pet trade, which helped to clarify the identities of B. tanzeri and B. hijmenseni .

Diagnosis: Morphology. Males differ from most Bonnetina males by having sub-rectangular bulbal embolus, only remarkably thinner at the apex. They differ from those of B. vittata , B. julesvernei , B. tanzeri , and B. papalutlensis by having the tibia I retrolateral apophysis curved dorsally. Males additionally differ from those of B. vittata and B. julesvernei by lacking an internal mound on the tibia I retrolateral apophysis, from those of B. tanzeri , by showing a well-developed nodule on the retrolateral pedipalpal tibia, and from males of B. papalutlensis , by having the carapace covered with light copper yellowish pubescence, instead of copper penny reddish pilosity. Females differ from those of most Bonnetina species by having nipple-shaped spermatheca. They differ from females of B. minax and B. malinalli by having very conspicuous patellae stripes, instead of poorly conspicuous or inconspicuous. Females also lack the dorsally dense bright copper pubescence of B. minax . DNA. Diagnostic COI nucleotides (4): 54 (T), 162 (C), 306 (C), 312 (A). COI p -distances to other species above 7%; intra-specific distances less than 2% (Appendices S1, S5).

Species delimitation methods: Morphology (only a posteriori characters), HG barcoding and PTP.

Description

Male holotype: Some quantitative characters are given in Table 3. Colour and pubescence. Carapace covered by dense very light copper pubescence, which masks partially the black integument ( Fig. 9E). Femora black bluish, with scarce light brown hairs. Rest of leg and pedipalpal segments medium brown-greyish. Patellae longitudinal stripes rather conspicuous, light brown coloured. Prosoma. Caput moderately elevated and fovea deep and procurved. Posterior area of carapace bears numerous moderately thick erect setae. Eight eyes disposed in two rows on extremely elevated tubercle (lateral eyes almost perpendicular to base); anterior eye row procurved; posterior row, recurved. Ocular mask present. Ocular quadrangle width, 1.63; length, 0.98. Clypeus width, 0.34. AME circular, diameter, 0.42; ALE elliptical, greater diameter, 0.44; PME ovoid, greater diameter, 0.30; PLE elliptical, greater diameter, 0.36. Sternum ( Fig. 18A) slightly convex to its centre, covered uniformly by erect thick hairs and other hairs much smaller; with three pairs of sigillae, placed opposite to coxae I, II and III. Labium sub-trapezoidal; middle length, 1.36; anterior width, 0.96; posterior width, 2.03. Appendage segment lengths. Palp : femur, 6.2; patella, 3.8; tibia, 5.5; Total , 15.5. Leg I: femur, 9.8; patella, 5.8; tibia, 7.3; metatarsus, 6.5; tarsus, 4.6; Total , 34.0. Leg II: femur, 9.3; patella, 5.1; tibia, 6.4; metatarsus, 6.7; tarsus, 4.3; Total , 31.8. Leg III: femur, 7.3; patella, 4.3; tibia, 5.4; metatarsus, 7.6; tarsus, 4.5; Total , 29.1. Leg IV: femur, 9.9; patella, 4.9; tibia, 8.1; metatarsus, 9.5; tarsus, 5.3; Total , 37.7. Leg IV > I> II > III. Appendage spination. Pedipalp : femur p0-0-1; tibia p0-0-1 v1-3-0. Leg I: femur p0-0-1; tibia p0-0-1 v3-3-0; metatarsus v0-0-2. Leg II: femur p0-0- 1; patella v1; tibia p0-2-0 v2-2-4; metatarsus p0-1-0 v3-1-2. Leg III: femur p0-0-1 r0-0-1; patella p1; tibia p0-1-1 r0-1-1 v1-1-3; metatarsus p1-1-2 r0-1-1 v2-3-2. Leg IV: femur r0-0-1; tibia r0-1-1 v3-2-4; metatarsus p0-1-2 r0-1-2 v1-4-2. Spine cluster in ventral base of metatarsus II absent. Appendage setation. Femora of pedipalps and legs I and II prolaterally covered by a pad of simple and ciliated hairs. Femora IV retrolateral zone covered by a pad of ciliated hairs. Pedipalpal trochanters prolateral surface with thick simple hairs. Metatarsal scopulae. On legs I, full, except by basal-most region of the segment; on legs II, apical 2/3; on legs III, apical 1/2; on legs IV, apical 1/3. Tarsal scopulae. On legs I, undivided, but with few dispersed non-adhesive thin hairs; on legs II and III, divided by a 1–2 hairs wide band of thin hairs; on legs IV, divided by a 2–4 hairs wide band of thick hairs. Claw tufts very dense on every leg. Abdominal urticating hairs. Type III, in dorsal heart-shaped patch, pointing backwards. Sexual features. Retrolateral face of palpal tibiae with prominent, apically inclined, conical nodule near the apex. Pedipalpal bulbs ( Fig. 18B–H). Embolus sub-rectangular, only considerably thinner at the apex, curved retrolaterally and dorsally, and twisted counterclockwise (from base to apex) to the point that in the apex, the ventral structures of the bulb become prolateral. PS, PI, PSA, RA and SP keels present. PS is strongly developed, smooth and extends from the embolus base to its apex. PI keel is serrated in most of its apical half (except for the apex itself), and it is fused with the retrolateral SP keel. PI cracked at its sub-apex. PSA keel is poorly developed and RA keel is well developed. SP keels extend for about double the longitude from the bulb apex to the sperm pore; they are folded onto each other on their apical half, forming the sperm pore. Bulbal heel moderately developed. Legs I Holding Organ. Tibiae I with three apophyses near the apex ( Fig. 18I, J). Prolateral and retrolateral apophyses originate from a common base. Prolateral apophysis digitiform, moderately bent prolaterally and bearing a megaspine on its internal border. Retrolateral apophysis chevron-shaped, dorsally curved, lacking an internal mound and with a rounded tip. Accessory apophysis strongly developed, sub-rectangular and bearing five stout spines (three missing) at its apex (four in the right limb). The moderately curved metatarsus I folds between prolateral and retrolateral apophyses. Both metatarsi I with a patch of 14 (13, right) granules plus 3 (2, right) spines on its basal ventro-retrolateral region; lacking granules on basal ventro-prolateral region. Metatarsi I noticeably thin. GenBank accession number. COI: KU664200 View Materials . Preservation state. The specimen is in good condition, but moderately rigid, stored in a jar with 80% ethanol. Right fang and right leg I (from the metatarsus to the tip) are preserved in a plastic vial, inside the jar. Right pedipalpal bulb stored in a vial in the specimen jar; left bulb is apart, coated with gold. Left leg III preserved in 96% ethanol at −20 °C for molecular studies .

Male variation (n = 1) ( Fig. 25M–O): Quantitative characters. Carapace length: 9.6; carapace width: 8.3; carapace width/length: 0.86; sternum length: 4.7; sternum width: 4.3; sternum width/length: 0.91; labial cuspules: 34; maxillary cuspules: 96 and 107; spines on accessory tibial apophysis: 5; prolateral/ retrolateral tibial apophysis: 0.42; accessory/retrolateral apophysis: 0.28; granules in the metatarsus I patch: 20 and 23. Qualitative features. Ocular mask absent. Metatarsus I prolateral apophysis conical; accessory apophysis strongly developed, sub-quadrate.

Allotype female: Some quantitative characters are given in Table 3. Colour and pubescence. Carapace covered by dense light yellow-reddish pubescence, which masks partially the black integument ( Fig. 9F). Femora dark grey-bluish. Rest of leg and pedipalpal segments medium brown-greyish. Patellae longitudinal stripes conspicuous, light brown coloured. Prosoma. Caput moderately elevated and fovea deep and procurved. Posterior area of carapace bears very scarce thick erect setae. Eight eyes disposed in two rows on extremely elevated tubercle (lateral eyes almost perpendicular to base); anterior eye row procurved; posterior row, recurved. Ocular mask present. Ocular quadrangle width, 1.46; length, 0.92. Clypeus width, 0.48. AME circular, diameter, 0.40; ALE elliptical, greater diameter, 0.50; PME ovoid, greater diameter, 0.32; PLE elliptical, greater diameter, 0.38. Sternum slightly convex to its centre, covered uniformly by erect thick hairs and other hairs much smaller; with three pairs of sigillae, placed opposite to coxae I, II and III. Labium sub-trapezoidal; middle length, 1.58; anterior width, 1.14; posterior width, 2.33. Appendage segment lengths. Palp: femur, 6.7; patella, 4.3; tibia, 4.7; tarsus, 4.6; Total, 20.3. Leg I: femur, 9.2; patella, 6.1; tibia, 6.9; metatarsus, 5.4; tarsus, 3.9; Total, 31.5. Leg II: femur, 8.3; patella, 5.3; tibia, 5.5; metatarsus, 5.3; tarsus, 3.8; Total, 28.2. Leg III: femur, 7.4; patella, 4.4; tibia, 4.9; metatarsus, 6.7; tarsus, 4.2; Total, 27.6. Leg IV: femur, 9.5; patella, 5.2; tibia, 7.1; metatarsus, 9.5; tarsus, 4.7; Total, 36.0. Leg IV > I> II > III. Appendage spination. Pedipalp: femur p0-0-1; tibia p0-1-0 v1-1-4. Leg I: femur p0-0-1; tibia p0-0-1 v0-1-2; metatarsus v0-0-1. Leg II: femur p0-0-1; tibia p1-0-1 v0-1-3; metatarsus v1-1-2. Leg III: femur p0-0-1 r0-0-1; patella p2; tibia p1-1-0 r1-1-0 v1-2-3; metatarsus p1-1-0 r0-1-1 v1-2-3. Leg IV: femur r0-0-1; tibia r1-0-2 v2-2-2; metatarsus p0-1-2 r0-2-1 v2-3-4. Spine cluster in ventral base of metatarsus II absent. Appendage setation. Femora of pedipalps and legs I and II prolaterally covered by a pad of simple and ciliated hairs. Femora IV retrolateral zone covered by a pad of ciliated hairs. Pedipalpal trochanters prolateral surface with thick simple hairs. Metatarsal scopulae. On legs I, full, except by basal-most region of the segment; on legs II, apical 2/3; on legs III, apical 1/2; on legs IV, apical 1/3. Tarsal scopulae. On legs I and II, undivided, but with few dispersed non-adhesive thin hairs; on legs III, divided by a 1–2 hairs-wide band of thin hairs; on legs IV, divided by a 2–4 hairs wide band of thick hairs. Claw tufts very dense on every leg. Abdominal urticating hairs. Type III, in dorsal sub-circular patch. Sexual features. Single nipple-shaped spermatheca ( Fig. 18K, L). It is strongly asymmetrical: fully sclerotized in ventral view, but dorsally only at the apical zone. GenBank accession number. COI: KU664199 View Materials . Preservation state. The specimen is in optimal conditions, stored in a jar with 80% ethanol. Genital area is in a plastic vial inside the jar. Right leg III preserved in 96% ethanol at −20 °C for molecular studies.

Female variation (n = 1) ( Fig. 27J): Quantitative characters. Carapace length: 13.8; carapace width: 11.3; carapace width/length: 0.82; sternum length: 6.2; sternum width: 5.6; sternum width/length: 0.90; labial cuspules: 28; maxillary cuspules: 103 and 112; spermatheca base width: 2.55; spermatheca length: 1.00; spermatheca base width/length: 0.39. Qualitative features. Ocular mask absent.

Genetic diversity. COI: KU664201 View Materials ( Fig. 2; Appendix S1). Intra-specific variation = 0.

Distribution and natural history: Bonnetina hijmenseni is only known from a single tropical deciduous forest locality (50 masl), less than 6 km away from the coast, in the Pacific Lowlands of Guerrero ( Fig. 1; Table 1). A male and a female were found under stones. The species is sympatric with Brachypelma smithi (F.O. Pickard-Cambridge 1897) . It has been introduced in the European tarantula pet market, traded as B. rudloffi ; however, the provenance of the originally introduced specimens is unknown.