Bonnetina vittata, Ortiz & Francke, 2017

BONNETINA VITTATA View in CoL SP. NOV.

( FIGS 1, 2, 4E, 9C, D, 17, 25J–L, 27I; TABLES 1, 3)

urn:lsid:zoobank.org:act:3F9C23F7-05E0-4C51-BAD7-76801BCB1D71

Bonnetina ‘Guayabito/Espinal’ – Ortiz & Francke, 2016: figs. 1–7.

Types (n = 4): Holotype. ♂ a ( CNAN-T1059 ex-5025A). MEXICO: Michoacán State: Arteaga municipality: El Espinal (km 227, Federal Road 37): 18.4768°, –102.0583°: 460 masl. 28/XI/2009. Emmanuel Goyer, Justin Coburn, Eddy Hijmensen and Boris F. Striffler, cols. In a shallow burrow under a stone, in tropical deciduous forest . Allotype. ♀ ( CNAN-T1060 ex-5024): Michoacán State: Arteaga municipality: El Guayabito ( La Ordeñita ) (km 222, Federal road 37): 18.4899°, –102.0234°: 340 masl. 29/XI/2009. E. Goyer, J. Coburn, E. Hijmensen and B. F. Striffler, cols. Under a stone, in tropical deciduous forest . Paratypes. ♂ a ( SMF ex-CNAN-5025B): same data as holotype . ♀ ( CNAN-T1077 ): Michoacán State: La Huacana municipality: 5 km south-east of Zicuirán (road from Zicuirán to Huétamo): 18.8546°, –101.9245°: 250 masl. 16/ IX/2015. Jorge Mendoza, col. Under a stone, in tropical deciduous forest .

Etymology: The specific epithet is a Latin adjective that means ‘longitudinally striped’. It makes reference to the distinct light brown stripes present in the patellae of males and females of this species.

Diagnosis: Morphology and natural history. Males differ from most Bonnetina males by having sub-rectangular bulbal embolus, only remarkably thinner at the apex, and by presenting an internal mound on the tibia I retrolateral apophysis. They differ from males of B. julesvernei by showing very distinct patellae longitudinal stripes, and conical spines on the tibia I accessory apophysis, instead of indistinct stripes and stout spines, respectively. Females differ from those of most Bonnetina species by having mammiform spermatheca. They differ from those of B. papalutlensis (indistinct stripes) and B. julesvernei (poorly distinct stripes), by having very distinct patellae stripes. The species is only known to live on the right side (downstream perspective) of the Balsas River, whereas B. julesvernei is only known to live on the left side. DNA. Diagnostic COI nucleotides (4): 12 (A), 360 (A), 393 (G), 642 (G). COI p -distances to other species above 6%; intra-specific distances less than 2% (Appendices S1, S5).

Species delimitation methods: Integrative ( Ortiz & Francke, 2016); this study: morphology (only a posteriori characters), HG barcoding and PTP.

Description

Male holotype: Some quantitative characters are given in Table 3. Colour and pubescence. Carapace covered by dense copper penny pubescence, which masks partially the dark grey integument ( Fig. 9C). Femora black bluish. Rest of leg and pedipalpal segments with light copper hairs on dark grey background. Patellae longitudinal stripes very distinct, light brown coloured. Prosoma. Caput moderately elevated and fovea deep and procurved. Posterior area of carapace bears numerous very thick erect setae. Eight eyes disposed in two rows on markedly elevated tubercle; anterior eye row procurved; posterior row, slightly recurved. Ocular mask present. Ocular quadrangle width, 1.36; length, 0.92. Clypeus width, 0.28. AME circular, diameter, 0.34; ALE elliptical, greater diameter, 0.46; PME ovoid, greater diameter, 0.28; PLE elliptical, greater diameter, 0.40. Sternum ( Fig. 17A) slightly convex to its centre, covered uniformly by erect thick hairs and other hairs much smaller; with three pairs of sigillae, placed opposite to coxae I, II and III. Labium sub-trapezoidal; middle length, 1.13; anterior width, 0.96; posterior width, 1.76. Appendage segment lengths. Palp : femur, 5.5; patella, 3.5; tibia, 4.3; Total , 13.3. Leg I: femur, 7.7; patella, 4.9; tibia, 5.7; metatarsus, 5.3; tarsus, 3.3; Total , 26.9. Leg II: femur, 7.2; patella, 4.5; tibia, 5.1; metatarsus, 5.3; tarsus, 3.4; Total , 25.5. Leg III: femur, 7.1; patella, 4.4; tibia, 5.0; metatarsus, 5.2; tarsus, 3.5; Total , 25.2. Leg IV: femur, 8.0; patella, 4.1; tibia, 6.2; metatarsus, 8.1; tarsus, 4.4; Total , 30.8. Leg IV > I> II > III. Appendage spination. Pedipalp : femur p0-0-1. Leg I: femur p0-0-1; tibia p0-0-1 v2-3-1; metatarsus p0-1-0 v0-0-1. Leg II: femur p0-0-1; tibia p1-0-1 v3-3-2; metatarsus p0-1-1 v2-1-1. Leg III: femur p0-0-1 r0-0-1 patella p1; tibia p1-0-1 r1-1-0 v2-2-3; metatarsus p1-2-0 r0-1-2 v3-2-3. Leg IV: femur r0-0-1; tibia r1-0-1 v3-2-3; metatarsus p0-1-2 r0-1-2 v3-2-3. Spine cluster in ventral base of metatarsus II absent. Appendage setation. Femora of pedipalps and legs I and II prolaterally covered by a pad of simple and ciliated hairs. Femora IV retrolateral zone covered by a pad of ciliated hairs. Pedipalpal trochanters prolateral surface with thick simple hairs. Metatarsal scopulae. On legs I and II, apical 3/4 of the segment; on legs III, apical 1/2; on legs IV, apical 1/4. Tarsal scopulae. On legs I, II and III, undivided, but with few dispersed non-adhesive thin hairs; on legs IV, divided by a 2–4 hairs wide band of thin hairs. Claw tufts very dense on every leg. Abdominal urticating hairs. Type III, in dorsal elliptical patch. Sexual features. Retrolateral face of palpal tibiae with prominent, apically inclined, conical nodule near the apex. Pedipalpal bulbs ( Fig. 17B–H). Embolus sub-rectangular, only considerably thinner at the apex, curved retrolaterally and slightly dorsally, and twisted counterclockwise (from base to apex) to the point that in the apex, the ventral structures of the bulb become prolateral. PS, PI, PSA, RA and SP keels present. PS is strongly developed, smooth and extends from the embolus base to its apex. PI keel is irregular (but not serrated), and it is fused with the retrolateral SP keel. A single, large denticle is formed at PI keel sub-apex, due to an abrupt change in the keel’s thickness. PSA keel is poorly developed and RA keel is well developed. SP keels approximately of the same size, extending for about double the longitude from the bulb apex to the sperm pore; they are folded onto each other on their apical half, forming the sperm pore. Bulbal heel well developed. Legs I Holding Organ. Tibiae I with three apophyses near the apex ( Fig. 17I, J). Prolateral and retrolateral apophyses originate from a common base. Prolateral apophysis conical, slightly bent prolaterally and bearing an oval megaspine on its internal border. Retrolateral apophysis chevron-shaped, enlarged, not dorsally curved, bearing an internal mound and with a conical tip. Accessory apophysis moderately developed and bearing two conical spines at its apex (three in right limb). The moderately curved metatarsus I folds between prolateral and retrolateral apophyses. Metatarsi I with a patch of 21 (19 right) granules on its basal ventro-retrolateral region; lacking granules on basal ventro-prolateral region. Metatarsi I noticeably thin. GenBank accession numbers. COI: KP757255 View Materials . Preservation state. The specimen is in good condition, stored in a jar with 80% ethanol. Right pedipalpal bulb is in a plastic vial inside the jar. Left pedipalpal bulb is apart, coated with gold. Right leg III preserved in 96% ethanol at −20 °C for molecular studies .

Male variation (n = 1) ( Fig. 25J–L): Quantitative characters. Carapace length: 10.4; carapace width: 8.6; carapace width/length: 0.82; sternum length: 5.2; sternum width: 4.3; sternum width/length: 0.83; labial cuspules: 47; maxillary cuspules: 145 and 146; spines on accessory tibial apophysis: 3; prolateral/retrolateral tibial apophysis: 0.32; accessory/retrolateral apophysis: 0.20; granules in the metatarsus I patch: 12 and 14; posterior sigillae to the sternum border: 1 diameter of sigilla. Qualitative features. Metatarsus I prolateral apophysis digitiform; accessory apophysis moderately developed, amorphous and bearing conical and simple spines.

Allotype female: Some quantitative characters are given in Table 3. Colour and pubescence. Carapace covered by dense copper penny pubescence, which masks partially the dark grey integument ( Fig. 9D). Femora black bluish. Rest of leg and pedipalpal segments with light copper hairs on medium grey background. Patellae longitudinal stripes very distinct, light brown coloured. Prosoma. Caput moderately elevated and fovea deep and procurved. Posterior area of carapace bears numerous thick erect setae. Eight eyes disposed in two rows on markedly elevated tubercle; anterior eye row procurved; posterior row, slightly recurved. Ocular mask present. Ocular quadrangle width, 1.42; length, 0.84. Clypeus width, 0.26. AME circular, diameter, 0.34; ALE elliptical, greater diameter, 0.44; PME ovoid, greater diameter, 0.26; PLE elliptical, greater diameter, 0.34. Sternum slightly convex to its centre, covered uniformly by erect thick hairs and other hairs much smaller; with three pairs of sigillae, placed opposite to coxae I, II and III. Labium sub-trapezoidal; middle length, 1.14; anterior width, 0.96; posterior width, 1.98. Appendage segment lengths. Palp: femur, 5.2; patella, 3.4; tibia, 3.6; tarsus, 3.3; Total, 15.5. Leg I: femur, 7.3; patella, 5.0; tibia, 5.2; metatarsus, 4.1; tarsus, 3.0; Total, 24.6. Leg II: femur, 6.5; patella, 4.2; tibia, 4.3; metatarsus, 4.0; tarsus, 3.1; Total, 22.1. Leg III: femur, 5.8; patella, 3.7; tibia, 3.7; metatarsus, 4.8; tarsus, 3.2; Total, 21.2. Leg IV: femur, 8.0; patella, 4.4; tibia, 5.9; metatarsus, 6.8; tarsus, 3.8; Total, 28.9. Leg IV > I> II > III. Appendage spination. Pedipalp: femur p0-0-1; tibia p0-1-0 v2-2-4. Leg I: femur p0-0-1; tibia p0-1-1 v0-1-1; metatarsus v0-0-1. Leg II: femur p0-0-1; tibia p0-2-0 v0-1-1; metatarsus p0-1-0 v0-2-1. Leg III: femur r0-0-1; patella p1; tibia p1-1-0 r0-0-1 v2-2-3; metatarsus p1-1-2 r0-1-1 v2-2-3. Leg IV: femur r0-0-1; tibia r1-0-1 v1-2-2; metatarsus p0-0-1 r0-1-1 v3-3-3. Spine cluster in ventral base of metatarsus II absent. Appendage setation. Femora of pedipalps and legs I and II prolaterally covered by a pad of simple and ciliated hairs. Femora IV retrolateral zone covered by a pad of ciliated hairs. Pedipalpal trochanters prolateral surface with thick simple hairs. Metatarsal scopulae. On legs I, full, except by basal-most region of the segment; on legs II, apical 3/4 prolaterally, apical 1/2 retrolaterally; on legs III, apical 1/2 prolaterally, apical 1/3 retrolaterally; on legs IV, apical 1/4. Tarsal scopulae. On legs I, divided by a single row of non-adhesive thin hairs; on legs II and III, divided by a 1–3 hairs-wide band of thin hairs; on legs IV, divided by a 2–4 hairs wide band of very thick hairs. Claw tufts very dense on every leg. Abdominal urticating hairs. Type III, in dorsal ovoid patch, pointing backwards. Sexual features. Single mammiform rather symmetrical spermatheca ( Fig. 17K, L). GenBank accession numbers. COI: KP757218 View Materials . ITS1: KP757294, KP757307 . Preservation state. The specimen is in optimal conditions, stored in a jar with 80% ethanol. Genital area is in a plastic vial inside the jar. Right leg III preserved in 96% ethanol at −20 °C for molecular studies.

Female variation (n = 1) ( Fig. 27I): Quantitative characters. Carapace length: 12.1; carapace width: 9.9; carapace width/length: 0.82; sternum length: 5.7; sternum width: 5.2; sternum width/length: 0.91; labial cuspules: 49; maxillary cuspules: 133 and 144; spermatheca base width: 1.50; spermatheca length: 0.75; spermatheca base width/length: 2.00.

Genetic diversity. COI: KP757256, KU664212 ( Fig. 2; Appendix S 1). Intra-specific variation <0.9%. ITS1: Intra-specific variation = 1.3 %.

Distribution and natural history: Bonnetina vittata has been collected in three localities along the western border of the Balsas Basin, Michoacán, between 250 and 460 masl ( Fig. 1; Table 1). The spiders were found under stones (with or without shallow burrows) in tropical deciduous forest areas ( Fig. 4E). Both known adult males were collected in late November. In El Guayabito and El Espinal, B. vittata is sympatric with Brachypelma cf auratum Schmidt, 1992 . The predicted distribution model of morphologically close B. papalutlensis ( Fig. 3C; Appendix S2) indicates a partial habitat overlap with B. vittata . Whereas Zicuirán is a plausible locality for B. papalutlensis, El Espinal (type locality of B. vittata ) and El Guayabito are not.