Carineta cretatabasilaris, Sanborn, 2024

Carineta cretatabasilaris sp. nov. ( Figs. 1–2 View Figure 1 View Figure 2 )

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Type material: Holotype. “ Serra do Subaio / Teresópolis – RJ / 30/III/1986 / Lab. Entomologia, / UFRJ. Arm. luminosa ” ♂ ( DZRJ).

Etymology. The name is a combination of cretata - (L., cretatus, marked with chalk, whitened) and - basilaris (L., basilaris, at the base) in reference to the white reflection at the base of the wings when viewed from an angle.

Remarks. This is one of only a few large species with significant markings represented in the genus. The whitish reflective base of the wings and lack of macular infuscation quickly distinguish the species from other large species.

Diagnosis. Carineta cretatabasilaris sp. nov. is one of only a few large bodied species in the genus with thoracic markings. The shapes of the claspers and pygofer basal lobe appendages quickly distinguish the species within the genus. Only Carineta durantoni Boulard, 1986a , Carineta producta Walker, 1858a , Carineta tracta Distant, 1892a , and Carineta viridicata Distant, 1883a , have body lengths greater than 25 mm and body coloration that is not monochromatic. Carineta producta and Carineta viridicata can be distinguished quickly by the spot of infuscation on the distal apex of hindwing anal cell 2 found in these species. In addition, the fore wings of Carineta producta are heavily infuscated on the crossveins and distal veins between apical cells and Carineta viridicata is primarily green and lacks the linear infuscation in the fore wing apical cells. Carineta tracta can be distinguished by the more triangular head and pronotum, Y-shaped marking on the dorsal pronotal midline, fore wings with a curved margin distal to the apical cells, and an abdomen that is the same color as the rest of the body. Carineta durantoni is larger (body length about 30 mm), the abdomen is the same ground color as the head and thorax, the tertiary spine on the fore femur is longer than the secondary spine, fore wing apical cells lack linear infuscation, upper pygofer lobe is acuminate, and the claspers are laterally flattened with a terminal hook.

Species like Carineta hamata Sanborn, 2019a , Carineta trinidadensis Sanborn, 2020a and species related to them are unicolorous and lack pronotal or mesonotal markings. The number of these species continues to increase as cryptic forms are identified.

Description.

Ground color of head and thorax tawny marked with piceous and castaneous, abdomen castaneous marked with piceous.

Head. Head not as wide as mesonotum, tawny with piceous anteromedial vertex, mark extends anteriorly on each side of median ocellus towards but not reaching frontoclypeal suture, transversely to connect posterior to median ocellus, posteriorly along anteromedial lateral ocellus margin and posteriorly along lateral margin of lateral ocellus where it angles slightly laterad to head posterior margin, piceous medial margin to eye reaching half distance to supra-antennal plate on lateral vertex, transverse castaneous mark between lateral ocellus and eye, light castaneous on distal anterior arm of epicranial suture, epicranial suture laterally widening in center. Ocelli rosaceous, eyes castaneous. Head covered radiating long piceous pile, dense, long silvery pile posterior to eye. Gena dark castaneous with tawny margin along anterior lorum, lorum piceous with tawny anterior margin, anterolateral corner and anterior half of lateral margin, gena and lorum covered with short and long silvery pile, long pile very dense on posterior lorum, and radiating long piceous pile. Postclypeus tawny with castaneous fascia in ventroposterior central sulcus and angled castaenous marks on either side of sulcus beginning in center of ventral side but not reaching apex, central sulcus ventrally extending around apex to anterodorsal surface, with twelve transverse ridges, short silvery and radiating long piceous pile on lateral margin. Anteclypeus with tawny carina, anterior and posterior margins, small longitudinal castaneous fascia on either side of midline posterior to middle, small castaneous spot on midline anterior to posterior margin, lateral surfaces piceous, with short and long silvery pile and radiating long piceous pile. Mentum greenish-tawny at base, castaneous laterally and distally, labium light castaneous with piceous lateral fascia and tip, reaching to hind trochanters. Antennal segments piceous except tawny proximal scape and proximal pedicel.

Thorax. Dorsal thorax tawny. Pronotum tawny, anchor-shaped piceous mark on dorsal midline anterior to ambient fissure, piceous in anterior paramedian and lateral fissures, irregular piceous mark on disk between central paramedian fissure and posterior lateral fissure, castaneous fascia disk between lateral fissure and lateral ambient fissure, castaneous in ambient fissure between level of end of paramedian fissure and anterior of pronotal collar lateral angle but not across dorsal midline, long piceous pile radiating from dorsolateral surface. Pronotal collar tawny, radiating long piceous pile. Mesonotum tawny, fascia with piceous anterior becoming castaneous posteriorly outlining medial submedian sigillae, expanding in posterior of submedian sigilla, parapsidal suture light castaneous, V-shaped castaneous mark along posterior lateral sigilla, short longitudinal castaneous fascia on lateral mesonotum, small piceous mark on lateral side of this mark, castaneous fascia on posterolateral mesonotum extending around posterior disk to cruciform elevation, curved transverse piceous mark anterior to anterior arms of cruciform elevation between and including scutal depressions, cruciform elevation tawny with castaneous hue along dorsal midline, wing groove tawny with piceous mark on anterior terminus. Metanotum greenish-tawny, castaneous on dorsal midline, castaneous spot anterolaterally. Long silvery pile on lateral and posterior mesonotum, very dense posterolaterally, between anterior arms of cruciform elevation, and on lateral cruciform elevation, within and radiating from posterior wing groove, and on lateral metanotum, long piceous pile radiating from mesonotum, short piceous pile on disk. Ventral thoracic segments primarily tawny, castaneous or piceous, episternum 2 castaneous, basisternum 2 piceous, anepimeron 2 tawny, katepimeron 2 tawny with castaneous spot on anterior and medial corners, basisternum 3 tawny with transverse castaneous fascia medially and laterally, episternum 3 piceous medially, tawny medially and laterally, trochantins tawny with castaneous marks at junction with legs, covered with short and intermediate length silvery pile and radiating long piceous pile.

Wings. Fore wing and hindwings hyaline, whitish reflection in basal half of wings when viewed from an angle. Venation tawny proximally, becoming castaneous distally, piceous mark along anterior basal cell, castaneous base and piceous posterior anal vein 2 + 3. Basal cell and proximal clavus clouded, pterostigma present extending almost to distal terminus, basal membrane of fore wing grayish with darker posterior margin. Pairs of linear infuscation within apical cells extending onto wing margin, wing margin edge infuscated. Hindwing venation similarly colored, castaneous spot on base of anal vein 3, anal vein 3 with distal curve, about one third length of anal vein 2. Anal cell 3 and anal cell 2 along anal veins 2 and 3, anal cell 1 along anal vein 2, cubital cell 2 along posterior cubitus posterior grayish, infuscation surrounding margins of gray, Barely visible lines of infuscation on wing margin, absent in apical cells, wing margin edge infuscated.

Legs. Legs tawny marked with castaneous, coxae with castaneous marks on laterally on proximal and distal regions, fore and hind coxae with castaneous posterior side, trochanter with two castaneous fasciae and castaneous distal margins, femora striped with castaneous, fore tibiae with castaneous fascia and piceous distal end, lateral castaneous mark on middle tibiae with dark castaneous distal annular mark in both middle and hind tibiae, tarsi dark castaneous, tawny annular band in middle pretarsus of middle leg, proximal three quarters of hind pretarsus tawny, pretarsal claws castaneous at base with darker tips. Fore femora proximal spine largest, forming acute angle to femur, secondary spine upright, tertiary spine about the same size as secondary spine but slightly angled, small apical spine distally extending from base of tertiary spine, all spines dark castaneous, lighter region near distal primary spine. Tibial spurs and combs castaneous with darker tips. Legs with short silvery pile, radiating long golden and long piceous pile. Meracanthus short, broadly triangular, tawny with castaneous base, reaching over anteromedial opercular margin.

Opercula. Male operculum greenish-tawny with castaneous base, greenish rectangular lateral extension from base, posteromedially angled lateral margin, obtusely angled posterolateral corner, sinusoidal posterior margin, semicircular medial margin reaching to level of medial meracanthus, transverse anteromedial margin curving laterad to base, covered with short silvery and radiating long golden pile, reaching posteriorly to middle of sternite II but not covering medial tympanal cavity.

Abdomen. Abdominal tergites castaneous with piceous hind margins covered with golden pile dorsally, silver pile laterally and across posterior of dorsal tergite 8, very dense on lateral tergites 1 and 2, timbal cavity with partially turned back rim. Timbal exposed, white with eleven long and ten intercalary ribs. Male sternites I–VII castaneous with dark castaneous posterior margin, auditory capsule piceous, sternite VII with transverse posterior margin, sternite VIII dark castaneous with tawny spots on anterolateral margin, sternite VIII with smoothly curved U-shaped notch posteriorly, silvery pile on lateral sternites and medial epipleurites, long golden pile radiating from sternites. Epipleurites castaneous with piceous posterior margin.

Genitalia. Male pygofer castaneous darker dorsal beak, short silvery pile dorsally. Dorsal beak thin, elongated, longer than piceous anal styles. Pygofer basal lobe extending half the length of pygofer, angled laterad from base, curving mediad with rounded apex. Upper pygofer lobes small, folded medially. Claspers dark castaneous, surrounding aedeagus, expanding along lateral anal tube and adjoining along dorsal midline posterior to anal tube, distally curving ventrad and diverging at approximate 45° angle with a finger-like extension formed at lateral terminus. Basal lobe appendage flattened, lateral margin widening then narrowing distally to tip presenting a sword-like appearance. Aedeagus tubular, castaneous.

Female is unknown.

Measurements (mm). Length of body: 27.15; length of fore wing: 35.50; width of fore wing: 12.70; length of head: 4.55; width of head including eyes: 8.20; width of pronotum including suprahumeral plates: 11.25; width of mesonotum: 9.85.

Distribution. The new species is known only from the holotype specimen collected on Serra do Subaio (22°27’11”S, 42°54’47”W) in Teresópolis in the state of Rio de Janeiro, Brazil.