Chalceus macrolepidotus

Autapomorphies of Chalceus macrolepidotus View in CoL :

1. Form of mesethmoid spine (27): (0> 1) relatively short, with premaxillae articulating with each other anterior to mesethmoid. Paralleled in nodes 225 and 234 and in Paracheirodon axelrodi .

2. Laterosensory canal in antorbital (72): (0> 1) present. Paralleled in the Bryconops clade and in Brycon falcatus and Iguanodectes geisleri .

3. Branching of laterosensory canals of fourth or fifth infraorbitals (74): (0> 1) present. Paralleled in the Bryconops clade, in nodes 167, 177, 218, 260, and 276, and in Bryconamericus scleroparius and Piaractus mesopotamicus .

4. Direction of posterior branch of laterosensory canal of fourth or fifth infraorbital (75): (0> 1) to a pore conspicuously ventral to hyomandibular condyle. Paralleled in Hemiodus cf. thayeria .

5. Lateral surface of vertical canal of preopercle (81): (1> 0) canal uncovered and situated posteriorly to musculature and infraorbitals. Paralleled in nodes 170, 175, and 204 and in Metynnis maculatus .

6. Number of rows of premaxillary teeth (123): (0> 1) three. Paralleled in the Bryconinae and in Bryconaethiops macrops . 7. Number of maxillary teeth (136):(0> 1) four or more.Paralleled in nodes 177, 181, and 205 and in Hemiodus cf. thayeria .

8. Extent of implantation of teeth along maxilla (137): (0> 1) extending across almost entire maxillary lamella. Paralleled in nodes 177 and 205 and in Hoplias cf. malabaricus .

9. Contact between lamella on anterior portion of first basibranchial with lamella on posterior portion of second basibranchial (183): (0> 1) present. Paralleled in the Bryconops clade, in nodes 168, 177, and 216, and in Distichodus maculatus , Hemiodus cf. thayeria , Hoplias cf. malabaricus , and Piabina argentea .

10. Relative number of precaudal vertebrae (226): (1> 0) exceeding caudal vertebrae in two or more elements. Reversal of synapomorphy 3 of Characoidea . Paralleled in Brycinus carolinae and Gymnocharacinus bergii .

11. Number of branched anal-fin rays (286): (1> 0) 10 or less. Reversal of synapomorphy 5 of the Characoidea .

12. Number of 2n chromosomes (363): (0> 1) 52 or more. Paralleled in the Characinae and Serrasalmidae , in node 196, and in Hyphessobrycon herbertaxelrodi , Markiana nigripinnis , and Rhaphiodon vulpinus . Some trees: Paralleled in Hemigrammus unilineatus .