Charybdis annulata (Fabricius, 1798)

Charybdis annulata (Fabricius, 1798) View in CoL # ( Figs. 15 View Figs , 37D View Fig )

Charybdis annulata — present record.

Taxonomy: Leene (1938), Wee and Ng (1995), Apel and Spiridonov (1998), Yang et al. (2012).

Type: Syntypes in NHMD ( Zimsen 1964), and possibly at ZMB ( Apel and Spiridonov 1998).

Type locality: “Oceano Indico”: possibly Tharangambadi (= Tranquebar), India ( Fransen et al. 1997).

Distribution: Western Indian Ocean to West Pacific: from South Africa, Madagascar, Pakistan and India, Southeast and East Asia to Japan ( Apel and Spiridonov 1998).

Habitat: Intertidal and shallow subtidal; among boulders along rocky reefs.

Remarks: This species is a new record for the fauna of Hong Kong.

Charybdis bimaculata ( Miers, 1886) View in CoL #

Charybdis (Gonioneptunus) bimaculata View in CoL — Shen 1940a: 222.

Charybdis bimaculata View in CoL — Morton and Morton 1983: fig. 7.4(5); Davie 1992b: tab. 1; Blackmore and Rainbow 2000: app. 1; SY Lee et al. 2000: tab. 3; Wong et al. 2021: 45, fig. 80, pl. 15E.

Taxonomy: Shen (1932 b), Leene (1938), Stephenson et al. (1957), Yang et al. (2012).

Type: Syntypes probably in NHM.

Type locality: Kobé, Japan.

Distribution: Western Indian Ocean to West Pacific: Maldives, Lakshadweep (= Laccadive Islands), Bay of Bengal, Thailand, East Asia to Japan, and eastern Australia ( Stephenson 1972a; Yang et al. 2012).

Habitat: Subtidal; in shallow waters among seagrass, or on substrates of mud, sand, or shell fragments; depths 20 to 430 m ( Yang et al. 2012).

Charybdis brevispinosa Leene, 1937 View in CoL #

Charybdis brevispinosa View in CoL — Wong et al. 2021: 45, fig. 81, pl. 15F.

Taxonomy: Leene (1937 1938), Wee and Ng (1995), Yang et al. (2012).

Type: Holotype ò and paratypes in ZMA.

Type locality: Java Sea, Indonesia (6°13'S, 107°57'E).

Distribution: West Pacific: Java Sea, Indonesia, to Singapore and Peninsular Malaysia, and South China ( Yang et al. 2012).

Habitat: Subtidal; substrates muddy sandy; depths around 30 m ( Yang et al. 2012).

Charybdis feriata ( Linnaeus, 1758) View in CoL #

Charybdis crucifera View in CoL — Stimpson 1858a: 39; Stimpson 1907: 80.

Goniosoma cruciferum — Miers 1886: 191.

Charybdis cruciata View in CoL — Gee 1926: 161 [list]; Thompson and Horikoshi 1982: tab. 1; RSS Wu 1982: tab. 1; Morton and Morton 1983: 94, fig. 7.4(6).

Charybdis (Goniosoma) cruciata View in CoL — Shen 1932a: 38, text-fig. 6, pl. 8; Shen 1940a: 221.

Charybdis feriatus View in CoL — Hill et al. 1975: 82; Morton 1976: 103; Hill et al. 1978: 114; Morton 1979b: tab. 7.1, figs. 7.1, 7.5a; Morton and Morton 1983: 143; Davie 1992b: tab. 1; RSS Wu and Shin 1998: 108; SY Lee and Leung 1999: tab. 2; Blackmore and Rainbow 2000: app. 1; B Chan and Leung 2002: 24, fig. 2D; Lui et al. 2007: tab. 1; Wong et al. 2021: 45, fig. 82, pl. 16A.

Charybdis feriata View in CoL — Morton 1988: 28, pl. 6.

Charybdis (Charybdis) feriatus View in CoL — Leung et al. 2004: 89, 1 unnumb. fig.

Taxonomy: Leene (1938: as C. cruciata View in CoL ), Holthuis (1962), Wee and Ng (1995), Apel and Spiridonov (1998).

Type locality: Ambon, Indonesia (lectotype designated by Holthuis 1962).

Type: Status and whereabouts unknown: now considered lost ( Apel and Spiridonov 1998).

Distribution: Western Indian Ocean to West Pacific: from South Africa, Madagascar, Gulf of Aden, Persian/Arabian Gulf, Arabian Sea, Bay of Bengal, to Southeast and East Asia to Japan, and Australia (see Apel and Spiridonov (1998)); exotic species in the Mediterranean ( Abelló and Hispano 2006; Galil 2011).

Habitat: Subtidal; substrates of sand or sandy mud, or in shallow rocky or coral reefs; depths 10 to 40 m, also reaching down to 118 m ( Yang et al. 2012); juveniles found symbiotic under bells of jellyfish ( Morton 1988).

Remarks: The name Cancer feriata Linnaeus, 1758 (a name established making reference to a Cancer Marinus Laevis in Rumphius 1705), was resolved by Holthuis (1962), who designated the specimen figured in the work of G.E. Rumphius (1705: pl. 6P) as the lectotype (see also Holthuis 1959). The type material from Ambon, Indonesia, however, is believed no longer extant ( Apel and Spiridonov 1998; Davie 2002). The species is now recognized as the senior synonym of Cancer sexdentatus Herbst, 1783 , Ca. crucifer Fabricius, 1792 and Ca. cruciata Herbst, 1794 .

Charybdis granulata (De Haan, 1833) #

Charybdis granulata View in CoL — Stimpson 1858a: 39; Stimpson 1907: 82; Wong et al. 2021: 46, fig. 83, pl. 16B.

Charybdis (Charybdis) natator View in CoL — Leung et al. 2004: 93, 1 unnumb. fig. [not Cancer natator Herbst, 1794 ].

Taxonomy: Sakai (1976), Crosnier (1984b), Wee and Ng (1995), Yang et al. (2012).

Type: Lectotype ò RMNH D 468 and paralectotypes in RMNH (designated by Yamaguchi and Baba 1993; see also Fransen et al. 1997).

Type locality: Japan, locality unspecified.

Distribution: Western Indian Ocean to West Pacific: East Africa, East India, Singapore, East Asia to Japan, to eastern Australia ( Crosnier 1984b; Wee and Ng 1995; Ng and Davie 2002; Ahyong and Lee 2005).

Habitat: Subtidal; substrates rocky or sandy; depths 15 to 35 m ( Yang et al. 2012).

Charybdis hellerii (A. Milne-Edwards, 1867) #

Charybdis (Goniosoma) merguiensis View in CoL — Alcock 1899: 55; Gordon 1931: 527; Shen 1940a: 221.

Charybdis hellerii View in CoL — Davie 1992b: tab. 1; Blackmore and Rainbow 2000: app. 1; Wong et al. 2021: 47, fig. 84, pl. 16C.

Taxonomy: Leene (1938), Wee and Ng (1995), Apel and Spiridonov (1998), Yang et al. (2012).

Type: Lectotype ò MNHN B.761 S (designated by Apel and Spiridonov 1998; see also Dessouassi et al. 2019)

Type locality: New Caledonia.

Distribution: Western Indian Ocean to West Pacific: from Madagascar, East Africa, Red Sea, Persian Gulf, Arabian Gulf, Bay of Bengal, Southeast and East Asia to Japan, and Australia; alien species in the Mediterranean (Galil 2011), New Zealand ( Ahyong and Wilkens 2011), Northwest and Southwest Atlantic ( Dineen et al. 2001; Ruiz et al. 2011; Tavares 2011), West Africa ( Dessouassi et al. 2019) and likely Hawaii ( Edmondson 1954; Castro 2011).

Habitat: Intertidal to subtidal; under rocks, or shallow pits with seagrasses, or within coral reefs ( Yang et al. 2012).

Charybdis hongkongensis Shen, 1934 View in CoL #

Charybdis (Goniohellenus) hongkongensis Shen, 1934: 46 View in CoL , text-figs. 11, 12; Shen 1940a: 222.

Charybdis hongkongensis View in CoL — Wong et al. 2021: 48, fig. 85, pl. 16D.

Taxonomy: Shen (1934), Leene (1938), Wee and Ng (1995).

Type: Holotype ò ZMFMIB No. 12585: status unknown.

Type locality: Hong Kong.

Distribution: West Pacific: Banda Sea and Sulawesi, Indonesia, to Peninsular Malaysia, Thailand, South China and Taiwan ( Yang et al. 2012).

Habitat: Subtidal; substrates sandy or sandy-muddy; depths 30 to 400 m ( Yang et al. 2012).

Charybdis japonica (A. Milne-Edwards, 1861) #

Charybdis sexdentata View in CoL — Stimpson 1858a: 39; Stimpson 1907: 81.

Charybdis japonica View in CoL — Gee 1926: 161 [list; “near Hong Kong ”]; Hill et al. 1975: 48; Morton 1976: 103; Hill et al. 1978: 92; Melville and Morton 1983: 18, 1 unnumb. fig. (19); Morton and Morton 1983: fig. 7.4(2); Davie 1992b: tab. 1; ZG Huang and Lin 1993: app.; SY Lee and Leung 1999: tab. 2; Wong et al. 2021: 48, fig. 86, pl. 16E.

Taxonomy: Shen (1932b), Leene (1938), Yang et al. (2012).

Type: Lectotype ò RMNH D 461; paralectotypes in RMNH, NSMT, KPMNH, MNHN, NHMD, MNHN, NHM and USNM (designated by Yamaguchi and Baba 1993; see also Fransen et al. 1997).

Type locality: Japan, locality unspecified.

Distribution: Western Indian Ocean to East Asia: Red Sea, west of Peninsular Malaysia, coasts of China, Korea and Japan ( Leene 1937; Stephenson 1972a b; Yang et al. 2012); exotic species in the Mediterranean (Galil 2011) and New Zealand ( Ahyong and Wilkens 2011).

Habitat: Intertidal to subtidal; substrates of seagrass, mud, sand or rocks, to depths of 50 m ( Yang et al. 2012).

Charybdis lucifera (Fabricius, 1798) #

Charybdis lucifera View in CoL — B Chan and Leung 2002: 24, fig. 2F; Lui et al. 2007: tab. 1; Wong et al. 2021: 49, fig. 87, pl. 16F.

Charybdis (Charybdis) lucifera View in CoL — Leung et al. 2004: 91, 1 unnumb. fig.

Taxonomy: Leene (1938), Wee and Ng (1995), Apel and Spiridonov (1998).

Type: Syntypes in ZMK and NHMD ( Zimsen 1964).

Type locality: “In oceano indico”; probably Tharangambadi (= Tranquebar), India ( Apel and Spiridonov 1998).

Distribution: Western Indian Ocean to West Pacific: from Red Sea, Pakistan, India, Sri Lanka, Southeast and East Asia to Japan, and Australia ( Apel and Spiridonov 1998).

Habitat: Subtidal; substrates sandy-muddy or of rocky reefs; depths 5 to 100 m (J-F Huang and Yu 1997).

Charybdis miles (De Haan, 1835) #

Charybdis miles View in CoL — Stimpson 1858a: 39; Stimpson 1907: 82; Gee 1926: 161 [list]; Stephenson and Rees 1968b: 92, figs. 1A, E, 2A, pl. 12A; Morton and Morton 1983: fig. 7.4(3); Wong et al. 2021: 50, fig. 88, pl. 17A.

Charybdis (Goniosoma) miles View in CoL — Gordon 1931: 527; Shen 1940a: 221.

Taxonomy: Leene (1938), Stephenson and Rees (1968b), Wee and Ng (1995), Apel and Spiridonov (1998), Yang et al. (2012).

Type locality: Japan, locality unspecified.

Type: Lectotype ò RMNH D 465, paralectotypes in RMNH, NHM and MNHN (designated by Yamaguchi and Baba 1993; see also Fransen et al. 1997).

Distribution: Arabian Sea to West Pacific: from Gulf of Oman, India, Southeast and East Asia to Japan, and Australia ( Yang et al. 2012).

Habitat: Subtidal; substrates of sandy mud, muddy sand or soft mud; depths 10 to 160 m ( Yang et al. 2012).

Charybdis natator (Herbst, 1794) #

Charybdis natator View in CoL — Gee 1926: 161 [list; part?]; Blackmore and Rainbow 2000: app. 1; Lui et al. 2007: tab 1; Wong et al. 2021: 51, fig. 89, pl. 17B.

Charybdis (Goniosoma) natator View in CoL — Shen 1932a: 40, text-figs. 7, 8, pl. 9a; Shen 1940a: 221.

Taxonomy: Sakai (1976), Wee and Ng (1995), Apel and Spirodonov (1998), Yang et al. (2012).

Type locality: “Das Veterland ist Ostindien”, could be east coast of India or the Indo-Malayan Archipelago ( Apel and Spiridonov 1998).

Type: Status unknown (not found in ZMB by Apel and Spiridonov 1998 by K Sakai 1999).

Distribution: Western Indian Ocean to West Pacific: from South Africa, Madagascar, Red Sea, Persian Gulf, Arabian Sea, Bay of Bengal, Southeast and East Asia to Japan, and Australia ( Apel and Spiridonov 1998).

Habitat: Subtidal; substrates of sand or sandy mud; depths 30 to 310 m ( Yang et al. 2012).

Remarks: Past local records of C. natator (since Gee 1926) might include C. granulata (De Haan, 1833) . The latter species was long considered a junior synonym of C. natator until Sakai (1976) showed both being distinct (see also Wee and Ng 1995).