Chthonos dobo, Labarque & Piacentini & Pons & Hormiga & Arnedo & Ramírez, 2025

Chthonos dobo sp. nov.

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Figs 1 View Fig , 5A–C View Fig , 8–9 View Fig View Fig

Diagnosis

Males and females of Chthonos dobo sp. nov. resemble those of Chthonos peruana ( Keyserling, 1886) by the opisthosoma with two pairs of proximally fused lateral tubercles ( Figs 8A View Fig , 9A View Fig ; Keyserling 1886: pl. XI figs 144, 144A), but C. dobo can be distinguished by the tubercles wider than long, relatively short, that slightly exceed the dorsum of the opisthosoma ( Figs 8A–B View Fig , 9A–B View Fig ), whereas in C. peruana those tubercles are as wide as long, extending dorsolaterally beyond the opisthosomal border ( Keyserling 1886: pl. XI fig. 144).

Etymology

The specific name is derived from ‘dobo’ which means ‘Earth’ in the Ngäbere language, currently spoken by the Ngäbe native people of Panama, and refers to the soil, one of the habitats where the species was found.

Type material

Holotype

PANAMA – Chiriquí Province • ♂; Reserva Forestal Fortuna , Quebrada Honda , one-hectare PANCODING inventory; 8.750083° N, 82.239083° W; 1135 m a.s.l.; 7–12 Jun. 2007; M. Arnedo, D. Dimitrov, G. Hormiga, F. Labarque and M. Ramírez leg.; voucher code SFU1 NAA029 ; MIUP.

GoogleMaps

Paratypes

PANAMA – Chiriquí Province • 1 ♂; same data as for holotype; voucher code SFB1DAL021; preparation codes FML-00691, LNP-00271; DNA code chts1123; GenBank code PX096990 ; MACNAr 29320 GoogleMaps • 1 ♀; same data as for holotype; voucher code SFU1N7D015; preparation codes FML-00755, FML-01146; DNA code chts1241; GenBank code PX096997 ; MACN-Ar 29324 • GoogleMaps 1 ♀; same data as for holotype; voucher code SFU2NAA035; preparation code LNP-00269; DNA code chts1059; GenBank code PX096989 ; MACN-Ar 29321 GoogleMaps • 1 ♂; Parque Internacional La Amistad , Cerro Picacho , one-hectare PANCODING inventory; 8.890500° N, 82.618778° W; 2299 m a.s.l.; 12–17 Jun. 2008; M. Arnedo, L. Benavides, G. Hormiga, F. Labarque, L. Piacentini and M. Ramírez leg.; voucher code SAB1DEL024; DNA barcode SPIPA410-10 ; MCZ GoogleMaps • 1 ♀; same data as for preceding; voucher code SAD1NGL021; DNA barcode SPIPA411-10 ; MACN-Ar 29319 .

Other material

PANAMA – Chiriquí Province • 1 ♀; same data as for holotype; voucher code SFU2NAD028; DNA code chts1244; GenBank code PX096998 ; MCZ GoogleMaps • 1 ♂; same data as for holotype; voucher code SFU1NBD019; DNA code chts1242; GenBank code PX096991 ; MCZ GoogleMaps • 1 ♂; same data as for holotype; voucher code SFU1N7L018; DNA barcode SPIPA409-10 ; MACN-Ar 29322 GoogleMaps • 4 ♂♂; same data as for holotype; MCZ GoogleMaps • 1 ♂; same data as for holotype; MACN-Ar 29323 GoogleMaps • 2 ♂♂, 1 ♀; same data as for holotype; CRBA GoogleMaps • 2 ♀♀; same locality as for holotype; 21 Jun. 2008; L. Piacentini and F. Labarque leg.; non-quantitative sample; MACN-Ar GoogleMaps • 1 ♀; same data as for preceding; MACN-Ar GoogleMaps • 1 ♀; same data as for preceding; 23 Jun. 2008; MACN-Ar GoogleMaps • 1 ♂, 4 ♀♀; Parque Internacional La Amistad , Cerro Picacho , one-hectare PANCODING inventory; 8.890500° N, 82.618778° W; 2299 m a.s.l.; 12–17 Jun. 2008; M. Arnedo, L. Benavides, G. Hormiga, F. Labarque, L. Piacentini and M. Ramírez leg.; MCZ GoogleMaps • 1 ♀; same data as for preceding; voucher code SAD1NHH012; DNA code chts1245; GenBank code PX096995 ; MCZ GoogleMaps • 1 ♀; same data as for preceding; voucher code SAU1NHB013; DNA barcode SPIPA412-10 ; MCZ GoogleMaps • 1 ♂; same data as for preceding; voucher code SAD1NGB019; DNA code chts1247; GenBank code PX096996 ; MACN-Ar 29316 GoogleMaps • 1 ♀; same data as for preceding; voucher code SAU1NFB025; DNA code chts1243; GenBank code PX096993 ; MACN-Ar 29315 GoogleMaps • 1 ♂; same data as for preceding; voucher code SAU1NHP003; DNA barcode SPIPA413-10 ; MACN-Ar 29317 GoogleMaps • 1 ♂; same data as for preceding; voucher code SAU1NGA027; DNA code chts1246; GenBank code PX096994 ; CRBA GoogleMaps • 1 ♀; same data as for preceding; voucher code SAB1DEA003; DNA code chts1248; GenBank code PX096992 ; CRBA GoogleMaps • 3 ♂♂, 3 ♀♀; same data as for preceding; MIUP GoogleMaps • 1 ♂; same data as for preceding; MACN-Ar 29314 GoogleMaps • 1 ♂; same data as for preceding; MACN-Ar 29311 GoogleMaps • 1 ♂; same data as for preceding; MACN-Ar 29313 GoogleMaps • 1 ♀; same data as for preceding; MACN-Ar 29312 GoogleMaps • 1 ♀; same data as for preceding; MACN-Ar 29318 GoogleMaps • 5 ♂♂, 5 ♀♀; same data as for preceding; CRBA. GoogleMaps

Description

Male ( paratype MACN-Ar 29320)

Total length 1.42. Prosoma: length 0.76, width 0.61, height 0.61. Sternum: length 0.40, width 0.42. Eye diameters and interdistances: AME 0.11, PME 0.08, AME–PME 0.10. Opisthosoma: length 1.14, width 1.14, height 0.93. Leg formula: 1243. Dorsal shield of prosoma reddish-brown with darker middle and lateral lines ( Fig. 8A View Fig ). Sternum yellowish-orange ( Fig. 8B–C View Fig ). Opisthosoma color overall yellowish-white with numerous setal sclerotized pits, and dorsal reddish-brown scutum ( Fig. 8A–B View Fig ). Epiandrum, booklung cover, and tracheal spiracle reddish-brown ( Fig. 8B–C View Fig ). Spinneret field orange surrounded by reddish-brown sclerotized ring ( Fig. 8B–C View Fig ). Legs I–II darker than III–IV, femora and tibiae brownish-orange, metatarsi brownish-orange but proximally lighter, patellae and tarsi orange ( Fig. 8A–C View Fig ). Palp: cymbium distally pointed, paracymbium proximally extended (“T-shaped paracymbium” in Coddington 1986), median apophysis retrolateral side with blunt projection extending ventrally, conductor apophysis hooked, embolus entire (i.e., lacking embolic division and apophysis) and covered by conductor ( Fig. 8D–F View Fig ).

Female ( paratypes MACN-Ar 29321, MACN-Ar 29324)

Total length 1.73. Prosoma: length 0.82, width 0.65, height 0.66. Sternum: length 0.41, width 0.43. Eye diameters and interdistances: AME 0.10, PME 0.08, AME–PME 0.11. Opisthosoma: length 1.48, width 1.64, height 1.18. Leg formula: 1243. Coloration lighter than male ( Fig. 9A–C View Fig ). Opisthosoma scutum absent ( Fig. 9A–B View Fig ). Epigynal plate reddish-brown ( Fig. 9C View Fig ), with transverse ridges, transverse groove deep, central pit toothed ( Figs 5B View Fig , 9D View Fig ). Vulva: copulatory ducts irregular and membranous, with patch of gland ducts dorsally, inserting ventrolaterally posteriorly into spermathecae, spermathecae round, sclerotized, and connate (i.e, fused along the midline), fertilization ducts sclerotized, emerging laterally posteriorly from spermathecae, curving dorsally anteriorly to meet uterus externus ( Figs 5A–C View Fig , 9D View Fig ).

Records and biology

Records are limited to collections made at 1135 m a.s.l. in premontane rainforest from Reserva Forestal Fortuna, and at 2299 m a.s.l. in lower montane rainforest from Parque Internacional La Amistad ( Fig. 1 View Fig ). Males and females have been collected mostly at night by looking up, though few specimens have been collected during the day by beating and cryptic techniques.

Variation

Some males and females examined have the prosoma and opisthosoma darker than in the described specimens.

Remarks

Males of C. dobo sp. nov. differ from those of other Panamanian species of Chthonos by the conductor apophysis as wide as long, relatively bulky ( Fig. 8E View Fig ), whereas C. kaibe sp. nov. have the apophysis relatively small ( Fig. 10E View Fig ) and C. kwati sp. nov. have it longer than wide ( Fig. 12E View Fig ).