Coelioxys (Dasycoelioxys), MITCHELL, 1973

COELIOXYS (DASYCOELIOXYS) MITCHELL, 1973

Type species: Coelioxys pergandei Schletterer, 1890 .

Diagnosis: Species of this subgenus as well as all C. (Glyptocoelioxys) spp. other than C. mexicana are unique among all species in the genus by lacking a carina on the basal concavity of T 1 (Fig. 43). Coelioxys (Dasycoelioxys) spp. can be differentiated from C. (Glyptocoelioxys) by the pronotal tubercle, which in is never lamellate or conspicuously emarginated in C. (Dasycoelioxys) spp., forming two distinct lobes ( Fig. 75 View Figures 73–76 ), as in C. (Glyptocoelioxys) spp. ( Fig. 73 View Figures 73–76 ). Also, the pubescence of the head and mesosoma in species of C. (Glyptocoelioxys) is short and subappressed, forming spots of appressed hairs on the mesoscutum, whereas in species of C. (Dasycoelioxys) the pilosity is predominantly long and dense, although sometimes there are additional spots of appressed hairs also. The following combination also separates species of C. (Dasycoelioxys) from C. (Glyptocoelioxys). Female: eye surface not convex ventrally ( Fig. 76 View Figures 73–76 ); T 6 lacking lateral carinae ( Fig. 79 View Figures 77–80 ); S6 greatly narrower and elongate, at least 2.5 9 longer than broad, strongly flexed downwards, lateral notches narrower, at least 2.5 9 longer than broad ( Fig. 79 View Figures 77–80 ) or absent. Male: face densely covered with long, erect or suberect hairs; postgradular area of T 2 with a broad, rectangular, densely punctate area ( Fig. 80 View Figures 77–80 ); postgradular area of T 3 with a circular, deep, conspicuous fovea surrounded by punctures forming an elliptical area ( Fig. 80 View Figures 77–80 ), and apical rim of S4 flexed ventrally (as in Fig. 93 View Figures 91–93 ).

Comments: Given the similarity with species of C. (Glyptocoelioxys), Michener (2007) synonymized C. (Dasycoelioxys) under C. (Glyptocoelioxys). In all phylogenetic results, C. (Glyptocoelioxys) came out as a separate clade from C. (Dasycoelioxys); hence the latter name is resurrected. This subgenus is exclusively Neotropical, with 27 species listed by Moure et al. (2012) occurring mostly in Chile and Argentina. Toro & Fritz (1991) keyed some of the species of this subgenus.

List of species: Coelioxys bicingulata Holmberg, 1918 *, Coelioxys wagenknechti Moure, 1951 , Coelioxys bruneri Cockerell, 1918 *, Coelioxys cameghinoi Holmberg, 1903 , Coelioxys elizabeth Toro & Fritz, 1991 *, Coelioxys frieseana Holmberg, 1916 , Coelioxys genisei Toro & Fritz, 1991 *, Coelioxys hickeni Holmberg, 1918 *, Coelioxys hubrichiana Holmberg, 1918 *, Coelioxys inconspicua Holmberg, 1884 , Coelioxys insolita Holmberg, 1903 , Coelioxys kuscheli Moure, 1951 , Coelioxys ljuba Toro & Fritz, 1991 *, Coelioxys lyprura Moure, 1951 , Coelioxys mapuche Toro & Fritz, 1991 *, Coelioxys melanopus Schulz, 1906 , Coelioxys miranda Vachal, 1904 *, Coelioxys occidentalis Holmberg, 1916 , Coelioxys oriplanes Moure, 1951 , Coelioxys palmaris Fritz & Toro, 1990 , C. pergandei , Coelioxys pomona Toro & Fritz, 1991 *, Coelioxys remissa Holmberg, 1888 *, Coelioxys roigi Fritz & Toro, 1990 *, Coelioxys rosarina Holmberg, 1918 *, Coelioxys ruizi Moure, 1951 , Coelioxys ruzi Toro & Fritz, 1991 *, Coelioxys strigata Vachal, 1904 *, Coelioxys tehuelche Holmberg, 1916 , Coelioxys tenax Holmberg, 1888 , Coelioxys tucumana Holmberg, 1903 , C. wagenknechti , and Coelioxys weyrauchi Moure, 1951 .

COELIOXYS (GLYPTOCOELIOXYS) MITCHELL, 1973: 92

= Coelioxys (Haplocoelioxys) Mitchell, 1973: 85 syn. nov.

Type species: Coelioxys cayennensis Spinola, 1841 . Diagnosis: Species of this subgenus are characterized by the compound eye convex ventrally ( Fig. 74 View Figures 73–76 ), S6 distinctly notched subapically in females ( Fig. 77 View Figures 77–80 ), and in males the postgradular areas of T 2 and T 3 with a small fovea surrounded by an impunctate area with a depressed punctate area posteriorly to the fovea ( Fig. 78 View Figures 77–80 ; except in C. chilensis males). Another important characteristic, observed in all except the type species C. mexicana , is the lack of a marginal carina on the basal concavity of T 1 (Fig. 43), a characteristic otherwise shared with C. (Dasycoelioxys) spp. In spite of the resemblance to the latter subgenus, C. (Glyptocoelioxys) spp. can be differentiated from those of C. (Dasycoelioxys) by the following combination of characteristics (see also the diagnosis of the latter subgenus above). Pronotal tubercle emarginate, forming two lobes, with carina conspicuously lamellate ( Fig. 73 View Figures 73–76 ); pubescence of head and mesosoma short, predominantly forming spots of appressed hairs on mesoscutum. Female: eye outline distinctly convex ventrally ( Fig. 74 View Figures 73–76 ); T 6 with lateral carinae ( Fig. 77 View Figures 77–80 ); S6 elongate, at most 2 9 longer than broad, lateral notches broader, at least 2.5 9 broader than long ( Fig. 77 View Figures 77–80 ). Male: face densely covered with decumbent hairs; postgradular areas of T 2 and T 3 with a small fovea surrounded by an elevated, transverse impunctate area with a depressed, transverse densely punctate area below, the fovea on T 2 minute, circular, and on T 2 slender ( Fig. 78 View Figures 77–80 ) (postgradular areas of T 2 – T 3 unmodified in C. chilensis ), and apical rim of S4 flat, not flexed ventrally (as in Fig. 64 View Figures 61–64 ).

Comments: Prior to this study, the name C. (Haplocoelioxys) had been applied only to C. mexicana ( Mitchell, 1973; Michener, 2007; Moure et al., 2012; Ascher & Pickering, 2015). Considering the phylogenetic results ( Figs 1 – 3) C. (Haplocoelioxys) is merged with C. (Glyptocoelioxys). In spite of page priority for C. (Haplocoelioxys), the name C. (Glyptocoelioxys) is preferred here based upon article 24.2.2 of the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature that states ‘...the precedence of the names or acts is fixed by the First Reviser unless Article 24.1 applies’. Given that the first revision concerning this matter is carried out herein, we decided to synonymize C. (Haplocoelioxys) under C. (Glyptocoelioxys) because the former is monotypic, hence only one subgeneric reassignment is required rather than 27. Species of this subgenus are primarily Neotropical, with only Coelioxys germana Cresson, 1878 recorded elsewhere, in the eastern Nearctic region.

List of species: Coelioxys acutivalva Friese, 1921 *, Coelioxys adani Cockerell, 1949 *, Coelioxys amazonica Schrottky, 1902 , Coelioxys beroni Schrottky, 1902 , Coelioxys brasiliensis Friese, 1921 *, Coelioxys bucephala Friese, 1921 *, Coelioxys cearensis Friese, 1921 *, C. cayennensis *, Coelioxys cerasiopleura Holmberg, 1903 , Coelioxys chilensis Reed, 1892 , Coelioxys concolor Friese, 1921 *, Coelioxys epaenete Holmberg, 1916 , C. germana *, Coelioxys ignava Smith, 1879 *, Coelioxys labiosa Moure, 1951 , Coelioxys laticeps Friese, 1921 *, Coelioxys lativalva Holmberg, 1903 , C. mexicana *, Coelioxys nitidicollis Friese, 1921 *, Coelioxys opacicollis Friese, 1921 *, Coelioxys pampeana Holmberg, 1887 , Coelioxys praetextata Haliday, 1836 *, Coelioxys quadriceps Friese, 1921 *, Coelioxys ruficollis Friese, 1921 *, Coelioxys scutellaris Schrottky, 1902 , Coelioxys totonaca Cresson, 1878 *, Coelioxys triodonta Cockerell, 1914 *, and Coelioxys vituperabilis Holmberg, 1903 .