Cymbalcloeon ( Sartorii ) sartorii Suttinun et al. 2020

Cymbalcloeon ( Sartorii) sartorii Suttinun et al. 2020

Materials

Type status: Other material. Occurrence: recordedBy: De-Wen Gong, Xu-Hong-Yi Zheng, Ning-Ning Wang, Yu-Xian Sun; individualCount: 2; lifeStage: nymph; occurrenceID: E6970792-99D4-5D80-9234-FAF9B25FC7CD; Taxon: scientificName: C. sartorii ; Location: country: China; stateProvince: Yunnan; county: Mengla; locality: Man-Nan-Xing, Mengla County, Xishuangbanna Dai Autonomous Prefecture, Yunnan Province, China ; verbatimElevation: 530 m; verbatimCoordinates: 21°53.00′N 101°17.00′E; decimalLatitude: 21.8921; decimalLongitude: 101.288; Event: eventDate: 2025-03-18 / 20 GoogleMaps

Type status: Other material. Occurrence: recordedBy: De-Wen Gong, Xu-Hong-Yi Zheng, Ning-Ning Wang, Yu-Xian Sun; individualCount: 15; sex: male; lifeStage: imago; occurrenceID: 86F631A9-6C54-5B4E-A9E5-416B5740C879; Taxon: scientificName: C. sartorii ; Location: country: China; stateProvince: Yunnan; county: Mengla; locality: Man-Nan-Xing, Mengla County, Xishuangbanna Dai Autonomous Prefecture, Yunnan Province, China ; verbatimElevation: 530 m; verbatimCoordinates: 21°53.00′N 101°17.00′E; decimalLatitude: 21.8921; decimalLongitude: 101.288; Event: eventDate: 2025-03-18 / 20 GoogleMaps

Type status: Other material. Occurrence: recordedBy: De-Wen Gong, Xu-Hong-Yi Zheng, Ning-Ning Wang, Yu-Xian Sun; individualCount: 2; sex: female; lifeStage: imago; occurrenceID: 0092A0E4-8941-5670-A3A5-453F160CED6B; Taxon: scientificName: C. sartorii ; Location: country: China; stateProvince: Yunnan; county: Mengla; locality: Man-Nan-Xing, Mengla County, Xishuangbanna Dai Autonomous Prefecture, Yunnan Province, China ; verbatimElevation: 530 m; verbatimCoordinates: 21°53.00′N 101°17.00′E; decimalLatitude: 21.8921; decimalLongitude: 101.288; Event: eventDate: 2025-03-18 / 20 GoogleMaps

Type status: Other material. Occurrence: recordedBy: De-Wen Gong, Xu-Hong-Yi Zheng, Ning-Ning Wang, Yu-Xian Sun; individualCount: 20; sex: male; lifeStage: subimago; occurrenceID: A60DB51B-8EE6-52E1-B8EA-48183513F517; Taxon: scientificName: C. sartorii ; Location: country: China; stateProvince: Yunnan; county: Mengla; locality: Man-Nan-Xing, Mengla County, Xishuangbanna Dai Autonomous Prefecture, Yunnan Province, China ; verbatimElevation: 530 m; verbatimCoordinates: 21°53.00′N 101°17.00′E; decimalLatitude: 21.8921; decimalLongitude: 101.288; Event: eventDate: 2025-03-18 / 20 GoogleMaps

Type status: Other material. Occurrence: recordedBy: De-Wen Gong, Xu-Hong-Yi Zheng, Ning-Ning Wang, Yu-Xian Sun; individualCount: 3; sex: female; lifeStage: subimago; occurrenceID: 12437BA3-835A-5BA1-AD82-486B5E8225B4; Taxon: scientificName: C. sartorii ; Location: country: China; stateProvince: Yunnan; county: Mengla; locality: Man-Nan-Xing, Mengla County, Xishuangbanna Dai Autonomous Prefecture, Yunnan Province, China ; verbatimElevation: 530 m; verbatimCoordinates: 21°53.00′N 101°17.00′E; decimalLatitude: 21.8921; decimalLongitude: 101.288; Event: eventDate: 2025-03-18 / 20 GoogleMaps

Type status: Other material. Occurrence: recordedBy: De-Wen Gong and Di Wang; individualCount: 10; lifeStage: nymph; occurrenceID: 18207030-8E64-52DD-806C-3C35976AA8B3; Taxon: scientificName: C. sartorii ; Location: country: China; stateProvince: Yunnan; county: Mengla; locality: Man-Nan-Xing, Mengla County, Xishuangbanna Dai Autonomous Prefecture, Yunnan Province, China ; verbatimElevation: 530 m; verbatimCoordinates: 21°53.00′N 101°17.00′E; decimalLatitude: 21.8921; decimalLongitude: 101.288; Event: eventDate: 5/10/2025 GoogleMaps

Description

Male imago (in alcohol). Body length 3.4 mm, forewing 3.0 mm, cerci 3.6 mm (Fig. 1 View Figure 1 A, B, E).

Head. Light reddish brown (Fig. 1 View Figure 1 A, B). Scape and pedicel cylindrical, light brown, flagella light brown to whitish, ca. 6.5 x pedicel in length, antennal length equivalent to head width (Fig. 1 View Figure 1 A, B). Dorsal surface of upper portion of compound eyes orange, lateral surface pale grey (Fig. 1 View Figure 1 E); upper portion of eyes cylindrical (Fig. 1 View Figure 1 E); lower portion black, semi-spherical (Fig. 1 View Figure 1 E); facets of compound eyes hexagonal (Fig. 2 View Figure 2 D). Ocelli with brown base but pale apex (Fig. 1 View Figure 1 A).

Thorax. Nota of thorax brown to deep brown but with pale sutures (Fig. 1 View Figure 1 A) with distinct longitudinal median ridge on mesonotum (Fig. 1 View Figure 1 E, Fig. 3 View Figure 3 D). Scutella of meso- and metanota expanded into projections (Fig. 1 View Figure 1 E).

Foreleg pale brown, length ratio of forefemur: tibia: tarsus = 1.0: 1.5: 1.7; length ratio of segments of foretarsus = 1.0: 7.5: 4.9: 3.0: 1.4; foreleg with two claws, one acute, one blunt (Fig. 2 View Figure 2 G). Basal half of midfemur brown, other part light brown, tibia and tarsus light brown (Fig. 2 View Figure 2 H). Length ratio of midfemur: tibia: tarsus = 2.5: 3.3: 1.0; length ratio of three free segments of midtarsus = 1.3: 1.0: 2.3; one claw acute, one claw blunt (Fig. 2 View Figure 2 H). Basal half of hindfemur brown, other part light brown (Fig. 2 View Figure 2 I). Length ratio of hindfemur: tibia: tarsus = 2.5: 3.2: 1.0; length ratio of three segments of hindtarsus = 1.1: 1.0: 2.0 (Fig. 2 View Figure 2 I). Claws similar to fore- or midlegs (Fig. 2 View Figure 2 J).

Costal and subcostal veins of forewings light brown, other longitudinal veins whitish to light brown (Fig. 2 View Figure 2 A); crossvein greatly reduced, only 4-5 crossveins between C and Sc, 3-4 between Sc and R 1, two between other neighbored longitudinal veins (Fig. 2 View Figure 2 A). MA 2 and MP 2 detached from MA 1 and MP 1 respectively (Fig. 2 View Figure 2 A – C). Membrane of forewing transparent (Fig. 2 View Figure 2 A). Sc, Rs 1 and Rs 5 with bullae; CuP with a back-curved base but most part of it and A 1 straight (Fig. 2 View Figure 2 A).

Abdomen. Segment I, VI-X reddish brown, other segment pale with dark brown stripes on lateral margins of terga; terga I-VI with a pair of submedian reddish dots respectively, but in most cases, these dots indistinct to invisible; terga VII-X with a pair of additional submedian stripes respectively (Fig. 1 View Figure 1 A, B, E). Cerci pale.

Genitalia: Pedestal of gonostylus distinctly wider than gonostylus (forceps) (Fig. 2 View Figure 2 E, K, Fig. 3 View Figure 3 B); gonostylus with two segments, basal half of segment I slightly widened; segment II with slightly broadened apex, its length subequal to half segment I (Fig. 2 View Figure 2 E, K, Fig. 3 View Figure 3 B). Subgenital plate with tiny hair-like setae on surface (Fig. 3 View Figure 3 B, C). Penis cover distinct, nearly quadrate in shape (Fig. 2 View Figure 2 K). Gonovectes or penial arms smoothly curved (Fig. 2 View Figure 2 K).

Female imago (in alcohol). Body length 2.9 mm, forewing 3.0 mm, cerci broken (Fig. 1 View Figure 1 C, D). Similar to male imago but with more reddish pigments, especially thorax and abdomen (Fig. 1 View Figure 1 C, D). Length ratio of forefemur: tibia: tarsus = 1.2: 1.1: 1.0; length ratio of segments of foretarsus = 1.0: 2.8: 1.7: 1.7: 2.1 (Fig. 1 View Figure 1 C, D). Midlegs broken. Hindlegs similar to forelegs in color (Fig. 1 View Figure 1 C, D). Length ratio of hindfemur: tibia: tarsus = 2.0: 3.2: 1.0; length ratio of segments of hindtarsus = 1.1: 1.5: 1.0 (Fig. 1 View Figure 1 C, D).

Male subimago: (in alcohol). Body length 3.1 mm, forewing 2.4 mm, cerci 4.4 mm (Fig. 1 View Figure 1 G). Length ratio of forefemur: tibia: tarsus = 1.5: 1.0: 1.7; length ratio of midfemur: tibia: tarsus = 1.8: 1.6: 1.0; length ratio of segments of hindtarsus = 3.4: 4.1: 1.0 (Fig. 1 View Figure 1 G). Veins of forewing slightly clearer than male, MA 2 and MP 2 connected to MA 1 and MP 1 with a crossvein respectively (Fig. 2 View Figure 2 B). Genitalia distinct, gonostyliger and segment II of styliger oriented inwards but segment I of styliger oriented outwards; length of them: segment I> segment II> gonostyliger (Fig. 3 View Figure 3 A).

Female subimago: (in alcohol). Body length 2.7 mm, forewing 2.9 mm, cerci 4.0 mm (Fig. 1 View Figure 1 F). Length ratio of forefemur: tibia: tarsus = 1.5: 1.4: 1.0; Length ratio of midfemur: tibia: tarsus = 2.0: 2.0: 1.0; Length ratio of hindfemur: tibia: tarsus = 3.5: 3.9: 1.0 (Fig. 1 View Figure 1 F).

Nymph (in alcohol) (see Suttinun et al. 2020 and Figs 4 View Figure 4 , 5 View Figure 5 , 6 View Figure 6 ).

The main characteristics including: Body length 2.5 mm, cerci 1.3 mm (Fig. 4 View Figure 4 A – D). Body color pattern similar to adults, pale body with reddish dots and streaks; thorax distinctly broader and more robust than abdomen (Fig. 4 View Figure 4 A – D). Mouthparts shown in figure 5, labrum with a very shallowly concave anterior margin (Fig. 5 View Figure 5 A); mandibles without any setae between mola and incisor, outer margin without setae, prostheca with spiny apex (Fig. 5 View Figure 5 B, C); maxillae with spines on apex of galealacinia, maxillary palpi two segmented, apical segments with hair-like setae (Fig. 5 View Figure 5 D); labium with long crescent glossae and paraglossae (Fig. 5 View Figure 5 E); labial palpi two-segmented, apex of segment II expanded into a small knob-like structure (Fig. 5 View Figure 5 E). Hypopharynx with very short hair-like setae on dorsal surfaces (Fig. 5 View Figure 5 F). Tibiae and tarsi of all legs subequal in length, each of them ca. 0.8 x femora (Fig. 6 View Figure 6 A – C); outer margin of femora and inner margins of tibiae and tarsi with spine-like setae (Fig. 3 View Figure 3 E). Gills on abdominal segment V-VII, gills I nearly oval, with deeply pigmented margins; gills II and III with concaved posterior margin (Fig. 6 View Figure 6 D – F). Caudal filaments with a distinct dark band (Fig. 4 View Figure 4 ).

Egg: length 126.4-131.6 µm, width 54.4-58.3 µm, long oval, whole chorion decorated with irregularly-shaped ridges (from quadrate to oval) (Fig. 3 View Figure 3 F). The area surrounded by ridges concave, forming tiny pits (Fig. 3 View Figure 3 F).

Nymph and adult association

Nymphs and adults in the present study were associated by two methods. Morphologically, we use color pattern and body size, particularly those reddish patches on abdomen (both terga and sterna of segment VI-X are pigmented), to identify and pair them. Molecularly, we sequenced COI gene of one nymph and two male subimagos. The data shows the K 2 P genetic distance is lower than 0.3 %. Sequence comparison did not identify any close relatives in public genetic repositories. The closest one is a baetid sequence in GenBank, the genetic distance between them is 15.1 %.