Ayers, Johnson & Ayers, 2022

5. Diastatea ciliata (McVaugh) E.P.Johnson & T.J. Ayers , comb. nov. Diastatea virgata var. ciliata McVaugh, Bull. Torrey Bot. View in CoL Club 67: 793. 1940. Diastatea virgata subsp. ciliata (McVaugh) Lammers, Novon View in CoL 16(1): 69. 2006. TYPE: MÉXICO. Guerrero: Mountains above Iguala, 24 Oct 1900, C. G. Pringle 8375 (holotype: GH!; isotypes: F, G, GOET, ISC, JE-image!, MO!, NY-image!, PH-image!, POM, RM, S, US-image!).

Stems 15–54 cm tall, simple or with few to many ascending branches, 0.5–4.0 mm wide at base, minutely winged, pubescent with soft hairs especially near base, the hairs evenly distributed around stem, not confined to wings. Leaves subsessile or pseudo-petiolate, the faintly winged pseudo-petioles decurrent into narrow wings on stem; blades green, base rounded and attenuate into poorly defined winged petioles, apex rounded, acute, or acuminate; lowermost blades suborbicular to broadly ovate, 8–20 mm long, 4–16 mm wide; middle to upper blades ovate to broadly lanceolate, 17–63 mm long, (6–)10–25(–46) mm wide; margins irregularly serrate, sometimes crenate; glabrous throughout or ciliate on margins with sparse hairs adaxially and on the veins abaxially. Inflorescences weakly secund with few to 20 flowers per stem; bracts lanceolate and leafy at base of inflorescence becoming narrowly linear distally, 2.7–60 mm long, 0.5–25 mm wide, spreading to ascending. Flowers with pedicels 3–15 mm long in flower, minutely pubescent, ascending and often bent distally in fruit; hypanthium a flattened disc in flower, 1–1.5 mm in diameter, 0.5–0.9 mm in length from calyx sinus to attachment point with pedicel, becoming minutely obconic in fruit, pubescent with short, stiff hairs; calyx lobes subequal to equal, ca. three-quarters the length of the fruit, narrowly triangular to linear-elliptic, (3–)4–5(–6.1) mm long in flower, green, purple, or magenta, margins entire and prominently white ciliate; corolla purple to purplish-blue, nectar guides blue-white with two small raised projections at throat; tube cylindrical, (5–) 6.2–8.8 mm long from calyx sinus to lateral corolla sinus, (0.3–) 0.7–1.6 mm wide at middle; dorsal lobes linear to elliptic-oblanceolate, usually with a narrowed claw attaching distal portion to deltoid base, 3.5–5.0 mm long, 0.4–0.6 mm wide; ventral lobes oblong with mucronate tip, 4.5–5.7 mm long, 1.6–2.7 mm wide; filaments (5–) 5.7–8.6 mm long; anthers 1.2–1.8 mm long, dark purple with downy white covering, two large and many small white trichomes at apex of ventral anther pair. Fruits narrowly ovoid to ellipsoid and slightly curved at tip, (4.8–)5.9–12.0 mm long, 1.6–3.2 mm wide, light brown or purplish; seeds round to ovoid, 0.4–0.5 mm long, orange to orange-brown. Figures 4E, S4C View FIG .

Chromosome Number —Unknown.

Distribution —Mexican states of Guerrero, Mexico, Morelos, Oaxaca, and Puebla ( Fig. 5 View FIG ).

Notes —We elevated this taxon from the rank of subspecies due to a combination of morphological traits and molecular evidence. Morphologically, it has characters that are distinct from D. virgata , such as ciliate calyx margins and narrowly ovoid capsules. Diastatea virgata , in contrast, has glabrous calyx margins and narrowly cylindrical fruits. Molecular evidence suggests that the closest relatives of D. ciliata are D. maximiliana and D. costaricensis rather than D. virgata .

Additional Specimens Examined — Mexico. — GUERRERO: 14.7 miles west of Mexico Highway 95 and 7 miles east of Xochipala, 15 Oct 1975, Reveal et al. 4183 ( MO, TEX) ; Los Ranchos (Rancho Viejo), 15 miles west of Teloloapan , 17 Dec 1963, Porter 1358 ( GH) ; Mpios. de Iguala y Buenavista, Ca non ~ de La Mano, entre Los Amates y El Naranjo , 10 km al N de Iguala por el ferrocarril, 5 Oct 1986, Catalan H. 289 ( MEXU) ; Taxco, 5 Oct 1960, Paray 3084 ( MEXU) ; 19 miles north of Iguala , 16 Nov 1958, Jones 23329 ( MEXU, LL) ; 14 km al SW de Xochipala carr. a filo de Caballo, 17 Oct 1983, Nunez ~ & Martınez 5668 ( MEXU) ; Temisco; Barranca del Consuelo , 15 Nov 1937, Mexia 8813 ( MO) ; Mpio. General Heliodoro Castillo (Tlacoapa), Tlacotepec, 3.73 km al N, [17.82, -99.84], 29 Oct 1998, Soto 11600 ( MEXU) ; Mpio. Taxco de Alarcon, Mexcaltepec, 0.4 km al NE, [18.43, -99.54], 25 Oct 1997, Gordillo 2024 ( MEXU) ; El Mogote, 2 km al E, [18.68, -99.54], 22 Oct 1997, Gordillo 2021 ( MEXU) ; Piedras Negras, cerca de Cacahuamilpa, 15 Nov 1953, Matuda et al. 29731 ( MEXU). — MÉXICO: Vigas, Temascaltepec, 9 Oct 1935, Hinton et al. 8538 ( MEXU, MO, LL) ; Tenayac, Temascaltepec, 19 Oct 1935, Hinton et al. 8374 ( GH). — MORELOS: Cuernavaca-Yautepec road, near Yautepec, km 22, 25 Oct 1943, Lundell 12611 ( LL) ; Near Yautepec, 21 Oct 1902, Pringle 11005 ( MO) ; km 126 of Cuernavaca-Taxco Highway, 19 Oct 1943, Lundell & Lundell 12565 ( LL) ; Ca non ~ del Lobo, cerca de Yautepec, 19 Sep 1954, Gold 699 ( MEXU). — OAXACA: Distrito: Yautepec, Municipio : San Carlos Yautepec. Rancho Los Ruices, Sta. Ma. Lachixonace , [16.524, -95.820], 21 Oct 2010, Ruiz & Sanchez 308 ( ASC) GoogleMaps ; 6 km W of Tlaxiaco on Mex 125, [17.15, -97.48], 28 Nov 2003, Yahara et al. 2837 ( MO). — PUEBLA: Cerro Tlacochtli, 6 Oct 1942, Miranda 2319 ( MEXU) .