Dicranota ( Rhaphidolabis ) gibbera ( Alexander, 1921 )

Dicranota ( Rhaphidolabis) gibbera ( Alexander, 1921) View in CoL

Figs 38–43 View Figures 38–43 , 85 View Figures 77–93

Rhaphidolabina gibbera Alexander, 1921: 121; Alexander 1924: 569. View in CoL

Dicranota ( Amalopina) gibbera karafutonis Alexander, 1930: 520. View in CoL

Dicranota ( Amalopina) gibbera View in CoL : Savchenko and Krivolutskaya 1976: 35.

Dicranota ( Rhaphidolabis) gibbera View in CoL : Savchenko 1989: 28; Nakamura 2002: 169; Pilipenko and Sidorenko 2006: 264; Kato 2023: 3; Kato and Yamauchi 2023: 4.

Type material examined.

Japan • Allotype (as Rhaphidolabina gibbera ); ♀ (antenna and wing slide mounted); Gifu; 2 October 1920; K. Takeuchi leg.; USNM ; Russia (as Japan) Paratypes (as Rhaphidolabina gibbera karafutonis ); • 2 ♂ (pinned, wing and genitalia slide mounted); Saghalien, Maoka ; 28 July 1922; T. Esaki leg.; USNM .

Other examined material

(Fig. 85 View Figures 77–93 ). Japan • 1 ♂ (as Amalopina gibbera ) (antenna, middle leg, wing and genitalia slide mounted); Kiushiu, Yakushima, Kosuzidani ; alt. 457 m; 30 April 1929; S. Issiki leg.; Ch. P. Alexander det.; USNM • 1 ♀ (as Dicranota ( Amalopina) gibbera ) (wing slide mounted); Kurama , Kyoto; 23 October 1932; Tokunaga leg.; USNM • 1 ♀ (as Dicranota ( Rhaphidolabis) gibbera ) (wing and leg slide mounted); Shikoku, Mountain Isizuti-Igo ; 10 June 1950; Issiki-Ito leg.; Ch. P. Alexander det.; USNM ; Taiwan (as Formosa) • 2 ♀ (as Dicranota ( Amalopina) gibbera ) (wing slide mounted); Hassensan ; alt. 1372–1829 m; 30 August 1929; S. Issiki leg.; Ch. P. Alexander det.; USNM ; South Korea • 1 ♀ (pinned); Central National Forest 18 miles NE of Seoul; 26 July 1954; G. W. Byers leg.; USNM • 1 ♀ (in ethanol); Gyeonggi-do, Gapyeong-gun, Buk-myeon, Hwaak-ri ; 37.98402°N, 127.52676°E; alt. 579 m; 20 August 2014 (2); S. Podenas & S. Kim leg.; NIBR GoogleMaps • 1 ♀ (pinned), 1 ♀ (in ethanol); Jeollanam-do, Gurye-gun, Toji-myeon, Naeseo-ri , Piagol valley ; 35.27177°N, 127.57146°E; alt. 490 m; 27 June 2015 (1); S. Podenas leg.; NIBR GoogleMaps • 1 ♂ (pinned); Jeollanam-do, Gurye-gun, Toji-myeon, Naeseo-ri , Piagol valley ; 35.26590°N, 127.58096°E; alt. 446 m; 27 June 2015 (2); S. Podenas leg.; at light; NIBR GoogleMaps • 1 ♂ (pinned), 2 ♀ (in ethanol); Jeollanam-do, Gurye-gun, Toji-myeon, Naeseo-ri , Piagol valley ; 35.27448°N, 127.56378°E; alt. 593 m; 1 July 2015 (1); S. Podenas leg.; NIBR GoogleMaps • 1 ♀ (in ethanol); Jeollanam-do, Gurye-gun, Toji-myeon, Naeseo-ri , Piagol valley ; 35.26586°N, 127.58090°E; alt. 448 m; 2 July 2015 (1); S. Podenas leg.; NIBR GoogleMaps • 1 ex. (in ethanol); Jeollanam-do, Gurye-gun, Toji-myeon, Naeseo-ri , Piagol valley ; 35.27177°N, 127.57146°E; alt. 490 m; 2 July 2015 (3); S. Podenas leg.; NIBR GoogleMaps • 2 ♂, 1 ♀ (in ethanol); Jeollanam-do, Gurye-gun, Toji-myeon, Naeseo-ri , Piagol valley ; 35.27177°N, 127.57146°E; alt. 490 m; 3 June 2016 (2); S. Podenas leg.; NIBR GoogleMaps • 6 ♂, 1 ♀ (in ethanol); Jeollanam-do, Gurye-gun, Toji-myeon, Naeseo-ri , Piagol valley ; 35.26586°N, 127.58090°E; alt. 448 m; 3 June 2016 (4); S. Podenas leg.; at light; NIBR GoogleMaps • 1 ♂ (in ethanol); Jeollanam-do, Gurye-gun, Toji-myeon, Naeseo-ri , Piagol valley ; 35.27123°N, 127.57133°E; alt. 534 m; 4 June 2016 (1); V. Podeniene leg.; NIBR GoogleMaps • 1 ♂ (in ethanol); Jeollanam-do, Gurye-gun, Toji-myeon, Naeseo-ri , Piagol valley ; 35.27177°N, 127.57146°E; alt. 490 m; 4 June 2016 (4); S. Podenas leg.; NIBR GoogleMaps • 1 ♀ (pinned); Jeollanam-do, Gurye-gun, Toji-myeon, Naeseo-ri , Piagol valley ; 35.27123°N, 127.57133°E; alt. 534 m; 4 June 2016 (5); S. Podenas leg.; at light; NIBR GoogleMaps • 1 ♂ (pinned, abdomen in microvial with glycerol on same pin); Gyeonggi-do, Yangju-si, Jangheung-myeon, Hoguk-ro ; 37.71058°N, 126.98719°E; alt. 157 m; 5 July 2019; S. Podenas leg.; NIBR GoogleMaps • 4 ♂, 1 ♀ (in ethanol); Jeju-do, Seogwipo-si, Hawon-dong ; 33.34919°N, 126.49536°E; alt. 1230 m; 4 August 2021; J. Kim, C. Lim, D. Lee leg.; net; KUEM GoogleMaps • 2 ♂, 1 ♀ (in ethanol); Jeju-do, Seogwipo-si, Hawon-dong ; 33.33516°N, 126.47013°E; alt. 990 m; 9 September 2021; J. Kim, D. Lee leg.; net; KUEM GoogleMaps • 2 ♂, 4 ♀ (in ethanol); Jeju-do, Seogwipo-si, Namwon-eup, Sillye-ri ; 33.33728°N, 126.62075°E; alt. 450 m; 4 August – 9 September 2021; J. Kim, D. Lee leg.; Malaise trap; KUEM GoogleMaps • 1 ex. (abdomen broken) (pinned); Jeollabuk-do, Jucheon-myeon, Jinan-gun, Daebul-ri , Site 2; 35.97650°N, 127.40115°E; 22 June 2022; San 195-1; net and light trap; NIBR GoogleMaps .

Redescription.

General body colouration: head dark brown, thorax yellow, abdomen brown. Body length of male 5.3–6.0 mm, of female 4.3–6.5 mm. Wing length of male 5.0– 6.9 mm, of female 5.0– 6.3 mm.

Head. Dark brown to black covered with sparse grey pruinosity, denser frontally and scattered yellowish setae. Anterior vertex wide, eyes widely separated, distance between them frontally slightly exceeds length of scape. Antenna (Fig. 38 View Figures 38–43 ) short, 0.7–0.9 mm long in male, 0.7–0.9 mm in female, reaching to approx. frontal margin of prescutum in male if bent backwards. Scape elongate, nearly cylindrical, 1.7 × as long as pedicel, dark brown to black, sparsely dusted with grey and bearing few blackish setae dorsally. Pedicel oval, brown, sparsely dusted with grey. Flagellum 13 - segmented, pale yellow with slightly infuscate basal segment. Flagellomeres oval except elongate apical segment, which slightly exceeds penultimate in length. Longest verticils 1.5 × as long as respective flagellomeres. Rostrum dark brown, sparsely dusted with grey, palpus dark brown to black, labellum brown.

Thorax. Generally yellow. Cervical sclerites black. Pronotum black frontally and dorsally, pale yellowish grey laterally, covered with few erect blackish setae dorsally. Presutural scutum pale greyish yellow dorsally, pale laterally with longitudinal brownish medial stripe that does not reach suture posteriorly, some specimens with slightly darker narrow fronto-lateral margin. Stripe wider and more distinct frontally, turns narrower and less distinct caudally. Tubercular pits missing, pseudosutural fovea indistinct. Scutal lobe pale yellow with slightly darker brownish longitudinal line. Area between scutal lobes pale, whitish. Scutellum and mediotergite pale yellow to whitish. Pleuron pale yellow with whitish area extending downwards at base of wing. Membrane surrounding prothoracic spiracle whitish. Wing subhyaline, milky with yellowish costal and basal areas, iridescent. Dark pattern includes narrow but distinct dark spots surrounding all cross-veins except at wing base, branching points and tips of all veins along wing margin, indistinct darker cloud in distal radial field. Stigma with darker margins and clear central area. Veins pale greyish yellow, darkened at branching points and at wing margin. Male wing (Fig. 39 View Figures 38–43 ) with angulate posterior margin at tip of anal vein, thus anal cell long and narrow, female wing (Fig. 40 View Figures 38–43 ) with evenly rounded posterior margin, anal cell wider than in male. Venation: Sc long, reaching far beyond branching point of R 2 + 3 + 4. Cross-vein sc-r nearly at the middle between humeral vein and base of radial sector in male, closer to base of Rs in female. Rs long, angulate at base. Free end of R 1 varies from ¼ to as long as R 2. Vein R 2 transverse. Distal portion of R 3 slightly arched, R 4 and R 5 straight and parallel to each other. Cell r 3 with short stem. Discal cell missing due to reduction of m-m. Cell m 1 medium-long, its stem ~ 1.5 × as long as cell itself. Cross-vein m-cu at or very slightly beyond branching point of M. Vein CuP very slightly arched, A 1 arched before wing margin. Anal angle widely rounded in female, long and narrow in male. Length of male halter 0.9 mm, of female 0.7 mm. Stem of halter grey with yellow base, knob with pale base, yellow central area and dark grey distal margin. Coxae pale yellow, just fore coxa slightly darkened frontally. Trochanters pale with narrowly blackened ventral margin. Femur of fore and middle legs entirely black, that of posterior leg pale yellow with narrowly darkened tip. All tibiae and basitarsi snow white with indistinctly darker tips. Second tarsomere whitish with darker distal part, third tarsomere whitish at basal half, greyish at distal, two remaining tarsomeres grey. Male femur I: 3.1 mm long, II: 3.7 mm, III: 3.2–3.8 mm, tibia I: 2.9 mm, II: 3.2–3.6 mm, III: 2.8–3.4 mm, tarsus I: 3.0 mm, II: 3.1–3.4 mm, III: 2.7–3.4 mm. Female femur I: 3.1 mm long, II: 3.1–3.7 mm, III: 3.5–3.9 mm, tibia I: 2.9 mm, II: 2.9–3.4 mm, III: 3.0– 3.6 mm, tarsus I: 3.2 mm, II: 2.6–2.9 mm, III: 3.1–3.2 mm. Claw simple, without spines, greyish.

Abdomen. Abdominal segments semi-polished. Basal tergite greyish, second and third tergites pale yellow with darkened distal margin, remaining tergites dark grey. Basal sternite pale yellow with darker distal margin, succeeding four sternites pale yellowish grey, pregenital sternites dark grey. Male terminalia (Figs 41 View Figures 38–43 , 42 View Figures 38–43 ) dark grey with yellowish epandrium. Posterior margin of epandrium with small round-apexed bump at middle covered with long setae, postero-lateral angle extended into long and wide complicated lobe, bearing two branches: dorsal branch simple, extended, finger shaped in dorsal view, spine-shaped in lateral; ventral lobe distinctly longer, terminating in wider head, armed with two spines directed opposite to each other. Gonocoxite elongate with finger-shaped lobule dorso-apically. Interbase slightly arched spine-shaped, extending slightly beyond lobes of epandrium. One pair of complicated gonostyli. Gonostylus with narrow finger-shaped (in dorsal view) dorso-basal lobe that is wide and flat in lateral view, distal margin of which covered with small blackish spinules; ventral part resembles small head with long rostrum, head covered with small blackish spinules too, rostral appendage terminates in two strong setae (rostral appendage extends dorso-mesally thus looks rather short in dorsal view Fig. 42 View Figures 38–43 ). Distal part of proctiger divided longitudinally by shallow medial incision. Aedeagus short and narrow. Paramere long and narrow, distinctly arched. Ovipositor (Fig. 43 View Figures 38–43 ) pale brown. Cercus brown, distal part slightly raised upwards, pale, blunt apexed. Hypogynial valve nearly straight, darker at base, apical part pale, dorsal margin basally with long setae reaching apex of valve, very tip with short single seta. Three small drop-shaped spermathecae.

Elevation range.

From circa 150 m to 1400 m (probably up to 1800 m in Taiwan).

Period of activity.

From late April through to late October.

Habitat.

Adults fly along margins of small and medium-sized mountainous rivers and streams running through forested areas, above moss covered rocks and debris accumulated along margins on the slopes, wet areas with water seeping through rock surface, boggy areas surrounded by mixed forest. Males swarm under tree canopies before sunset. Both sexes are attracted to light.

General distribution.

Japan, Far East of Russia, South Korea, Taiwan.

Remark.

Species recorded from the Korean Peninsula for the first time.