Erechthias oculus, Park & Yagi & Hirowatari, 2025

Erechthias oculus sp. nov.

Figs 11 View Figures 9–16 , 12 View Figures 9–16 , 21 View Figures 17–24 , 22 View Figures 17–24 , 33 View Figures 31–34 , 41 View Figures 39–42 , 51 View Figure 51 , 52 Japanese name: Medamamon-tsumaorega View Figure 52

Type material.

Holotype: Japan: ♂, Tokyo Met., Ogasawara Isls., Hahajima Is., Minamisaki , SW, 10–11.XI.2022, J. - H. Park leg., genitalia slide no. JP-128, DNA sample JHP-082, ELKU . Paratypes: Japan: [Tokyo, Ogasawara Isls.]: [Anijima Is.]: 1 ♀, alt. 162 m, 20.VI.2022, Beating: dead leaves of Pandanus boninensis, S. Tomura leg., genitalia slide no. JP-133, DNA sample JHP-089, ELKU • [Chichijima Is.]: 1 ♀, Mikazukiyama , Host coll. on 13.VI.2023, Emrg. on VII.2023, Host: litter, J. - H. Park leg., genitalia slide no. JP-317, DNA sample JHP-203, ELKU • [Hahajima Is.]: 1 ♂, Kitakou , 9.XI.2022, T. Hirowatari leg., JP-166, JHP-081, ELKU • 1 ♀, Minamisaki , 10–11.XI.2022, T. Hirowatari leg., museum ID ELKU -IL Bonin 000184 , ELKU • 1 ♂; same locality, 12.XI.2022, T. Hirowatari leg., JP-322, ELKU • 1 ♂, Tamagawa-dam , 17.III.2023, LT, T. Hirowatari, S. Yagi, M. Kimura, S. Tomura, Y. Matsui & J. - H. Park leg., ELKU .

Diagnosis.

The new species is similar to E. polionota Turner, 1923 , E. phileris (Meyrick, 1893) and E. zebrina ( Butler, 1881) but can be distinguished by the following characteristics: the forewing has a falciform cream spot at the middle of the costal margin. The genitalia are also similar to those of E. zebrina , but can be distinguished by the following characteristics: the valva is narrow tongue-shaped, the dorsal margin has a finger-shaped lobe in the male genitalia (the valva curved and additional lobe absent in E. zebrina ), the signum is large and hook-shaped, and the posterior 1 / 3 has a twisted trapezoidal lobe (curved spatula, posterior side with small short rod-shaped lobe in E. zebrina ) in the female genitalia.

Description.

Adult. Male (Figs 11 View Figures 9–16 , 21 View Figures 17–24 ) Forewing length 3.5 mm, antenna length 2.7 mm in holotype. Forewing length 3.1–3.3 mm (n = 3) in paratypes. Head. Vertex fuscous brown, frons brown. Labial palpus cream, outer margin of second palpomere covered with dark brown scales, with a few black bristles. Antenna filiform, notch absent; scape fuscous ocherous, simple fusiform; pedicel and flagellomere dark gray. Thorax. Mesonotum and tegula black, apex of each scale white. Foreleg dark gray, inner surface ocherous; middle and distal end of tibia, and distal end of each tarsomere with cream bands. Midleg cream; proximal end, basal 1 / 3, 2 / 3 of tibia, and distal end of each tarsomere with cream bands. Hindleg cream, tibia bearing long ocherous gray hairs; distal end of each tarsomere with cream bands. Forewing venation with Sc, R 1–5, M 1 and M 2 + 3, CuA 1–2 and CuP, 1 A + 2 A present; R 1 from middle of discal cell to middle of costa; R 4 and R 5 stalked from middle 1 A fused with 2 A from basal 2 / 5 of wing to end. Apex of forewing weakly upturned. Forewing ground color black with cream and dark silver spots, posterior 1 / 2 scattered with cream scales; middle of costal margin with falciform cream spot; narrow silver line elongated from apical 1 / 3 of costa to eye spot; apical area with a silver and black eye spot, anteriorly with a large triangle, cream spot; cilia outer margin with two black line; underside cream; apex with small cream spot. Hindwing venation with Sc + R 1, Rs, M 1–3, CuA 1–2 and CuP, 1 A + 2 A, 3 A present; M 1 and M 2 stalked at near apex; frenulum a single slender bristle. Hindwing fuscous gray, basal 1 / 4 of costa with ocherous scales; cilia fuscous gray. Abdomen. Covered with black scales.

Female (Figs 12 View Figures 9–16 , 22 View Figures 17–24 ) Forewing length 4.1, 4.3 mm (n = 2), antenna length 3.3 mm (n = 1) in paratypes. Almost same as male but antenna relatively narrow, and hindwing without ocherous scales at base.

Male genitalia. (Fig. 33 View Figures 31–34 ) Uncus simple, short, a pair of membranous lobes, apex with few bristles. Tegumen broad, fused with vinculum. Vinculum narrow, long; saccus slender, elongated triangle. Valva narrow, spatulate with rough hairs at ventral and costa; ventral margin almost straight; basicostal process elongated narrow finger-shaped, apex with short dense spines. Juxta strongly sclerotized, long trapezoid. Phallus narrow cylindrical, curved, 2.1 × length of valva; apex with one carina, comprising seven or eight small teeth; vesica with spicular cornuti.

Female genitalia. (Fig. 41 View Figures 39–42 ) Ovipositor 4 × length of segment VIII; papillae analis sharp, roughly with short bristles; apophysis posterioris 1.5 × length of apophysis anterioris. Segment VIII rounded long trapezoidal, posterior margin slightly concave and with 8–10 setae; tergum VIII with dorsal rami connected to apophysis anterioris; ostium located at anterior margin of sternum VIII; antrum funnel-shaped, weakly sclerotized. Ductus bursae thick tubular, 1.5 × length of corpus bursae, anterior 3 / 4 sclerotized, gently broad toward corpus bursae. Corpus bursae irregularly oval; signum large sickle-shaped with a twisted trapezoidal lobe.

Distribution.

Japan (Anijima Is., Chichijima Is., Hahajima Is.).

Biology.

Larval host is unknown, but only one female emerged from litter. Adults have been collected in June and September on Ogasawara Islands.

Etymology.

The name of the new species is derived from the Latin oculus (eye), which refers to the presence of a large eye spot on the forewing. The eye spot of this species appears larger than those of other Japanese Erechthias species because of the presence of a cream triangular spot (resembling a sclera).

DNA analyses.

The intraspecific pairwise distances of this species were 0.00 % – 0.15 % (n = 4) (Suppl. material 2).

Remarks.

This species is Endemic to the Ogasawara Islands: