Euphitrea taiwana Kimoto, 1991

Euphitrea taiwana Kimoto, 1991

Figs 2 F View Figure 2 , 10 D – I View Figure 10 , 12 B – F View Figure 12 , 13 View Figure 13 , 14 View Figure 14

Neorthaea nisotroides : Chûjô 1935: 473 (part); Chûjô 1965: 103 (faunistic records).

Euphitrea taiwana Kimoto, 1991 a: 14 ( Taiwan: Paling); Bezděk and Konstantinov 2024: 509 (catalogue).

Type material examined.

Euphitrea taiwana • 1 ♀ ( KMNH): “ Pa Lin (巴陵), / Tao Yuan Hsien, / N-Taiwan / 14.VIII.1987 / Col. K. Baba [p, w] // Euphitrea / taiwana / Kimoto, n. sp. [h] / Det. S. Kimoto, 19 [p] 91 [h, w] // PARATOPOTYPE [p, b] ” • 1 ♂ ( KMNH): “ Pa Lon (巴陵?), / Tao Yuan Hsien, / N-Taiwan / 28.V.1989 / Col. K. Baba [p, w] // Euphitrea / taiwana / Kimoto, n. sp. [h] / Det. S. Kimoto, 19 [p] 91 [h, w] // PARATOPOTYPE [p, b] ” • 1 ♂, 1 ♀ ( KMNH): “ Mei Fon (梅峰), / (Alt. 2350 m) / M-Taiwan / 10.VI.1987 / Col. K. Baba [p, w] // PARATYPE [p, b] // Euphitrea / taiwana / Kimoto, n. sp. [h] / Det. S. Kimoto, 19 [p] 91 [h, w] ” .

Additional material examined.

Taiwan. Hsinchu • 2 ♂ ( TARI), Chenhsipao (鎮西堡), 11.VII.2014, leg. Y.-L. Lin • 10 ♂, 9 ♀ ( TARI), Mt. Hinoki (= Kueishan , 檜山), 5.IV.1940, leg. M. Chujo • 1 ♂, 1 ♀ ( TARI), Inoue (= Chingchuan , 清泉), 20.VII.1935, leg. M. Chujo • 1 ♂, 1 ♀ ( TARI), Kuanwu (觀霧), 30.IV.2010, leg. C.-F. Lee • 5 ♂, 4 ♀ ( TARI), Litungshan (李棟山), 23.III.2007, leg. M.-H. Tsou • 3 ♂ ( TARI), same but with “ 6.VI.2010 ” • 1 ♀ ( TARI), same locality, 27.X.2009, leg. S.-F. Yu • 1 ♀ ( TARI), Lupi (魯壁), 10.III.2009, leg. S.-F. Yu • 2 ♂, 2 ♀ ( TARI), Mamei (馬美), 25.IV.2008, leg. W.-T. Wu • 2 ♀ ( TARI), same locality, 18.V.2008, leg. M.-H. Tsou • 2 ♂, 1 ♀ ( TARI), Shiigao (= Maopu , 茅圃), 27–30.VI.1934, leg. M. Chujo • 2 ♂, 2 ♀ ( 1 ♂, 1 ♀: TARI; 1 ♂, 1 ♀: NHMUK), Shinchiku (= Hsinchu , 新竹), 1–30.VII.1918, leg. J. Sonan & K. Miyake • 1 ♂ ( TARI), Sumakusu (司馬庫斯), 11.VII.2010, leg. M.-H. Tsou • 1 ♀ ( TARI), Talu trail (大鹿林道), 25.III.2009, leg. Y.-L. Lin • 1 ♂ ( TARI), Wufeng (五峰), 14–16.VII.1982, leg. K. C. Chou & C. C. Pan ; Hualien • 1 ♂ ( TARI), Hsinpaiyang (新白楊), 11.XII.2010, leg. W.-P. Chan • 1 ♂, 1 ♀ ( TARI), Huitouwan (迴頭彎), 10.VII.2007, leg. C.-F. Lee • 1 ♂ ( TARI), Karapao (卡拉寶), 14.VIII.1940, leg. M. Chujo • 2 ♂ ( TARI), Karento (= Hualien , 花蓮), 20.VII.–4.VIII.1919, leg. T. Okuni • 1 ♂, 3 ♀ ( TARI), Pilu (碧綠), 16.VI.2008, leg. C.-F. Lee ; Ilan • 1 ♂ ( TARI), Chilan (棲蘭), 17.III.2007, leg. M.-H. Tsou • 1 ♂ ( TARI), Chiuchihtse (鳩之澤), 7.XII.2008, leg. M.-H. Tsou • 1 ♀ ( TARI), Mt. Fanbao logging Rd. (飯包山林道), 1.IV.2014, leg. B.-C. Lai • 10 ♂, 11 ♀ ( NHMUK), Fushan Botanical Park (福山植物園), 23–24.VII.2005, leg. A. C. Galsworthy • 1 ♂, 1 ♀ ( TARI), same locality, 2.IV.2008, leg. M.-H. Tsou • 2 ♂, 2 ♀ ( TARI), same but with “ leg. H.-J. Chen ” • 2 ♂ ( TARI), same locality, 20.III.2009, leg. C.-F. Lee • 1 ♀ ( TARI), Grian (= Ilan , 宜蘭), VI.–VII.1918, leg. Y. Yamazaki • 1 ♂ ( TARI), Mingchi (明池), 25.V.2008, leg. M.-H. Tsou • 4 ♂, 8 ♀ ( TARI), same locality; 2.VII.2008, leg. H.-J. Chen • 2 ♂, 8 ♀ ( TARI), same locality, 20.IV.2017, leg. J.-C. Chen • 1 ♀ ( TARI), Pailing (白嶺), 3.VII.2010, leg. M.-T. Tsou • 1 ♂, 1 ♀ ( TARI), Shemi Lake (神祕湖), 23.X.2011, leg. C.-H. Hsieh • 1 ♀ ( TARI), Sungluoshan (松蘿山), 4.VI.2017, leg. Y.-T. Wang • 2 ♂, 1 ♀ ( TARI), Suyang (思源), 9.VI.2009, leg. S.-F. Yu • 3 ♂, 2 ♀ ( TARI), same locality, 2.V.2012, leg. J.-C. Chen • 1 ♀ ( TARI), Shikig (k) un (= Sunchi 四季), 22.V.1931, leg. R. Takahashi • 2 ♀ ( TARI), same locality, 13.VIII.1933, leg. Y. Miwa • 1 ♂, 2 ♀ ( TARI), 28.V.2009, leg. Y.-T. Wang • 3 ♂, 3 ♀ ( TARI), same locality, 7.VII.2009, leg. H.-J. Chen • 3 ♀ ( TARI), same but with “ 19.V.2010 ” • 1 ♂ ( TARI), Sungluo Lake (松蘿湖), 3.IV.2009, leg. Y.-T. Wang • 1 ♂, 1 ♀ ( TARI), Taiheizan (= Taipingshan , 太平山), 26–27.VIII.1923, leg. T. Shiraki • 1 ♀ ( TARI), same locality, VII.1930, leg. S. Minowa • 1 ♀ ( TARI), same locality, 10.VII.1940, leg. R. Matsuda • 2 ♀ ( TARI), same locality, 17.VII.1940, leg. M. Chujo • 2 ♂, 3 ♀ ( TARI), same locality, 19.VII.1940, leg. S. Miyamoto • 6 ♂, 5 ♀ ( TARI), same locality, 26–28.VII.1983, leg. L. Y. Chou • 1 ♂, 2 ♀ ( TARI), same locality, 7.IV.2007, leg. S.-S. Li • 1 ♀ ( TARI), same locality, 25.IV.2007, leg. S.-F. Yu • 3 ♂, 4 ♀ ( TARI), same but with “ 3.VI.2007 ” • 2 ♂, 6 ♀ ( TARI), same but with “ 19.VI.2008 ” • 1 ♂, 4 ♀ ( TARI), same locality, 8.VII.2008, leg. H.-J. Chen • 1 ♂, 1 ♀ ( TARI), same locality, 20.IV.2015, leg. H. Lee • 1 ♂, 1 ♀ ( TARI), Tuchang (土場), 1.III.2007, leg. S.-S. Li • 2 ♂, 1 ♀ ( TARI), Yuanshan (員山), leg. 26.III.2009, leg. H.-J. Chen ; Kaohsiung • 1 ♂ ( TARI), Chungchihkuan (中之關), 16.IV.2012, leg. L.-P. Hsu • 1 ♂, 1 ♀ ( TARI), Meilungshan (美瓏山), 15.VI.2016, leg. B.-X. Guo ; Keelung • 5 ♂, 4 ♀ ( TARI), Keelungyu Island (基隆嶼), 10.VI.2012, leg. C.-H. Hsieh ; Nantou • 1 ♀ ( TARI), Honbukei (= Penpuchi , 本部溪), 7.VII.1940, leg. M. Chujo • 6 ♂, 3 ♀ ( KMNH), Hsitou (溪頭), 30–31.III.1980, leg. K. Sugiyama • 1 ♂, 1 ♀ ( TARI), same locality, 17.III.2004, leg. H.-Y. Lee • 1 ♂, 1 ♀ ( TARI), Kanetowan (加年端社), 15.IV.1910, leg. I. Nitobe • 1 ♀ ( TARI), Kuantaoshan (關刀山), 5.VIII.2017, leg. B.-X. Guo • 2 ♀ ( KMNH), Lushan (廬山), 6.VI.1976, leg. H. Makihara ; 6 ♂, 2 ♀ ( KMNH), same but with “ 20.VI.1976 ” • 1 ♂, 1 ♀ ( KMNH), same locality, 3.VIII.1990, leg. S. Kimoto • 9 ♂, 7 ♀ ( TARI), 23.III.2009, leg. U. Ong • 2 ♂, 4 ♀ ( TARI), Meifeng (梅峰), 10.V.1979, leg. K. C. Chou • 2 ♂ ( TARI), same locality, 20–22.VI.1979, leg. K. S. Lin & B. H. Chen • 1 ♀ ( TARI), same locality, 18.VII.1979, leg. K. C. Chou • 1 ♂ ( TARI), same locality, 22–29.VIII.1979, collectors unknown • 1 ♂ ( TARI), same locality, 2–4.VI.1980, leg. L. Y. Chou & C. C. Chen • 1 ♂ ( TARI), same locality, 8.VI.1980, leg. K. S. Lin & B. H. Chen • 2 ♂ ( TARI), same locality, 26.VIII.1980, leg. K. S. Lin & C. H. Wang • 1 ♂ ( TARI), same locality, 5–9.X.1980, leg. C. C. Chen & C. C. Chien • 5 ♂, 6 ♀ ( TARI), same locality, 7–9.V.1981, leg. K. S. Lin & S. C. Lin • 1 ♀ ( TARI), same locality, 24–26.VI.1981, leg. K. S. Lin & W. S. Tang • 2 ♂ ( TARI), same locality, 28–29.VIII.1981, leg. L. Y. Chou & S. C. Lin • 2 ♂, 1 ♀ ( TARI), same locality, 22.V.1982, leg. L. Y. Chou • 14 ♂, 7 ♀ ( TARI), same locality, 15.VII.1982, leg. S. C. Lin & C. N. Lin • 1 ♂, 4 ♀ ( TARI), same locality, 31.VIII.–2.IX.1982, leg. L. Y. Chou & K. C. Chou • 2 ♂, 2 ♀ ( TARI), same locality, 4–7.X.1982, leg. K. C. Chou • 8 ♂, 3 ♀ ( TARI), same locality, 19–21.IV.1983, leg. K. C. Chou & S. P. Huang • 2 ♂ ( TARI), same locality, 30.VII.1983, leg. L. Y. Chou • 1 ♂ ( TARI), same locality, 8–11.V.1984, leg. K. C. Chou & C. C. Pan • 1 ♂, 2 ♀ ( TARI), same locality, 20–21.VI.2009, Y.-T. Wang • 1 ♀ ( TARI), Nanshanchi (南山溪), 7.IV.2010, leg. Y.-T. Wang • 1 ♂ ( TARI), same locality, 3.VII.2010, leg. T.-Y. Liu • 2 ♂ ( NHMUK), Rueiyan River Major Wildlife Habitat (瑞岩溪野生動物重要棲息環境), 24°05'848"N, 121°10'859"E, 2096 m, leg. H. Mendel & M. V. L. Marclay • 5 ♂, 8 ♀ ( TARI), Shalihsien trail (沙里仙林道), 9–12.VI.2013, leg. Y.-T. Wang • 2 ♂, 3 ♀ ( TARI), Sungkang (松崗), 6.VIII.1984, leg. K. S. Lin • 1 ♀ ( TARI), same locality, 15–19.VIII.1984, leg. K. C. Chou • 4 ♂, 2 ♀ ( TARI), same locality, 13–15.IX.1984, leg. K. S. Lin & S. C. Lin • 1 ♂ ( TARI), 10.IV.2016, leg. Y.-T. Chung • 1 ♀ ( TARI), same locality, 2.VI.2016, leg. B.-X. Guo • 2 ♂, 1 ♀ ( TARI), Tsuifeng (翠峰), 23.V.1982, leg. L. Y. Chou • 1 ♂, 2 ♀ ( TARI), Tungpu (東埔), 20–22.VI.1980, leg. C. C. Chen • 1 ♂, 1 ♀ ( TARI), same locality, 25–29.IX.1980, leg. L. Y. Chou & T. Lin • 10 ♂, 24 ♀ ( TARI), same locality, 28.IV.–2.V.1981, leg. T. Lin & C. J. Lee • 2 ♂, 3 ♀ ( TARI), same locality, 5–8.X.1981, leg. T. Lin & W. S. Tang • 3 ♀ ( TARI), same locality, 18–23.XI.1981, leg. T. Lin & W. S. Tang • 45 ♂, 44 ♀ ( TARI), same locality, 19–23.VII.1982, leg. L. Y. Chou & T. Lin • 1 ♂, 2 ♀ ( TARI), same locality, 22–25.XI.1982, leg. K. C. Chou & S. P. Huang • 3 ♂, 2 ♀ ( TARI), same locality, 20–24.VI.1983, leg. K. C. Chou & C. Y. Wong • 4 ♂, 10 ♀ ( TARI), same locality, 16–20.IV.1984, leg. K. C. Chou & C. H. Yung • 4 ♂, 9 ♀ ( TARI), same locality, 23–27.VII.1984, leg. K. C. Chou & C. H. Yang • 5 ♂, 4 ♀ ( TARI), Tunyan (屯原), 6.VII.2012, leg. Y.-F. Hsu • 1 ♂, 1 ♀ ( TARI), same locality, 14.V.2013, leg. B.-X. Guo • 1 ♀ ( TARI), Tzuchungshan (自忠山), 7.VI.2013, leg. Y.-T. Wang • 1 ♂, 1 ♀ ( TARI), Wanfengtsun (萬豐村), 13.IV.2010, W.-T. Liu • 1 ♂ ( TARI), same locality, 15.IV.2010, leg. Y.-C. Chang • 1 ♂, 1 ♀ ( TARI), Musha (= Wushe , 霧社), 18.V.–15.VI.1919, leg. T. Okuni, J. Sonan, K. Miyake, M. Yoshino • 4 ♂, 9 ♀ ( TARI), same locality, 25.VI.–5.VII.1947, leg. Maa, Chen, & Lin • 1 ♂, 1 ♀ ( TARI), 23–28.VI.1981, leg. K. S. Lin & W. S. Tang • 26 ♂, 21 ♀ ( TARI), same locality, 30.VIII.–2.IX.1982, leg. L. Y. Chou & K. C. Chou • 2 ♀ ( TARI), same locality, 7–8.X.1982, leg. K. C. Chou • 48 ♂, 49 ♀ ( TARI), same locality, 19–22.IV.1983, leg. K. C. Chou & S. P. Huang • 4 ♂, 4 ♀ ( TARI), same locality, 7.V.1984, leg. K. C. Chou & C. C. Pan • 3 ♂ ( TARI), same locality, 4.VIII.1984, leg. K. S. Lin • 3 ♂, 2 ♀ ( TARI), same locality, 17.VIII.1984, leg. K. C. Chou • 1 ♂ ( TARI), same locality, 23.III.2009, leg. U. Ong • 1 ♀ ( TARI), Yushih (幼獅), 4.VIII.1981, leg. T. Lin & W. S. Tang ; Pingtung • 1 ♂ ( TARI), Kenting (墾丁), 24–28.VI.1981, leg. T. Lin & C. C. Pan • 1 ♀ ( TARI), Koshun (= Henchun , 恆春), 4.IV.1040, leg. R. Matsuda • 3 ♀ ( TARI), Tahanshan (大漢山), 18.VII.2007, leg. C.-F. Lee • 1 ♀ ( TARI), same but with “ leg. M.-H. Tsou ” • 1 ♀ ( TARI), same locality, 20.VII.2007, leg. M.-H. Tsou ; Taichung • 1 ♀ ( TARI), Anmashan (鞍馬山), 21.IV.2010, leg. C.-F. Lee • 2 ♂, 3 ♀ ( TARI), same but with “ 19.X.2011 ” • 16 ♂, 16 ♀ ( TARI), Chiapaotai (佳保台), 14–18.X.1980, leg. K. S. Lin & C. H. Wang • 1 ♀ ( TARI), Hassenzan (= Pahsienshan , 八仙山), 6.III.1930, leg. J. Sonan • 2 ♂ ( KMNH), Kukuan (谷關), 9.VI.1976, leg. H. Makihara • 2 ♂, 1 ♀ ( TARI), same locality, 20–22.VI.1978, leg. K. S. Lin & K. C. Chou • 8 ♂, 6 ♀ ( TARI), same locality, 14–17.X.1980, leg. K. S. Lin & C. H. Wang • 1 ♂ ( TARI), Pilu (畢祿), 1.VII.2008, leg. M.-H. Tsou • 1 ♀ ( TARI), Tahsuehshan (大雪山), 1.V.2012, W.-T. Liu • 3 ♀ ( TARI), Wuling (武陵), 27–29.VI.1979, leg. K. S. Lin & L. Y. Chou • 11 ♂, 8 ♀ ( TARI), Wushihkeng (烏石坑), 19.III.2008, leg. C.-F. Lee • 1 ♂, 1 ♀ ( TARI), same but with “ 13.VII.2008 ” ; Taipei • 1 ♀ ( TARI), Rimogan (= Fushan , 福山), 5.IV.1940, leg. M. Chujo • 1 ♀ ( TARI), same locality, 22.VI.2008, leg. H.-J. Chen • 3 ♂, 2 ♀ ( TARI), same but with “ 11.V.2009 ” • 3 ♂, 3 ♀ ( TARI), Habun (= Hayao, 哈呅; near Fushan ), 12.V.1933, leg. M. Chujo • 1 ♂ ( TARI), Kanko (乾溝), 18.IX.1924, leg. T. Shiraki • 1 ♂ ( TARI), Pinglin (坪林), 10.II.2009, leg. H. Lee • 5 ♂, 2 ♀ ( TARI), Rahau (= Hsinhsien , 信賢), 13.V.1933, leg. M. Chujo • 4 ♀ ( TARI), Urai (= Wulai , 烏來), 28.III.1932, leg. M. Chujo • 2 ♂ ( TARI), same but with “ 15.VI.1932 ” • 2 ♂, 3 ♀ ( TARI), same but with “ 4.IV.1940 ” • 1 ♂, 1 ♀ ( KMNH), same locality, 27.VII.1990, leg. S. Kimoto • 4 ♂, 3 ♀ ( TARI), same locality, 27.III.2007, leg. Y.-F. Yu ; 1 ♀ ( NHMUK), same locality, 18.V.2007, leg. G. Martin & D. L. J. Quicke • 1 ♂ ( TARI), same locality, 4.III.2008, leg. H.-J. Chen • 1 ♀ ( TARI), Sozan (= Yangmingshan , 陽明山), 12.IX.1938, leg. M. Chujo • 4 ♀ ( TARI), same locality, 19.IV.2007, leg. C.-F. Lee • 1 ♀ ( TARI), Yingtzuling (鶯子嶺), 6.VII.2015, leg. S.-P. Wu ; Taitung • 2 ♀ ( TARI), Tipon (= Chihpen , 知本), 13.VI.1940, leg. M. Chujo • 2 ♀ ( TARI), Hsiangyang (向陽), 23.VI.2010, leg. M.-H. Tsou • 1 ♀ ( TARI), same locality, 28.III.2014, leg. W.-C. Huang • 1 ♀ ( TARI), Lichia (利嘉), 19.V.2009, leg. U. Ong • 1 ♀ ( TARI), same locality, 15.VII.2014, leg. Y.-T. Chung • 1 ♀ ( TARI), same locality, 16.VII.2014, leg. Y.-T. Wang • 1 ♀ ( TARI), Liyuan (栗園), 23.VI.2010, leg. M.-H. Tsou • 1 ♀ ( TARI), same locality, 19.VI.2013, leg. C.-F. Lee • 1 ♂ ( TARI), same but with “ 24.VII.2013 ” • 1 ♂, 1 ♀ ( TARI), same locality, 14.III.2014, leg. W.-C. Huang • 2 ♂ ( TARI), same but with “ 28.III.2014 ” • 1 ♀ ( TARI), Motien (摩天), 23.V.2011, leg. C.-F. Lee • 1 ♀ ( TARI), Rikiriki (= Lichi , 利吉), 21.III.1924, leg. N. Takeda • 1 ♀ ( NHMUK), Taihanroku (= Taipan , 台板), 8–18.IV.1908, leg. H. Sauter • 1 ♀ ( TARI), Wulu (霧鹿), 29.III.2011, leg. C.-F. Lee ; Taoyuan • 3 ♀ ( TARI), Lalashan (拉拉山), 22.VII.2008, leg. H.-J. Chen • 5 ♂, 6 ♀ ( TARI), same locality, 8.III.2009, leg. S.-F. Yu • 1 ♂, 1 ♀ ( TARI), Hsuanyuan (萱源), 16.III.2008, leg. M.-H. Tsou • 3 ♂, 6 ♀ ( TARI), Paling (巴陵), 3–5.V.1983, leg. K. C. Chou & C. C. Pan • 1 ♂ ( TARI), same locality, 19.IV.2009, leg. S.-F. Yu • 1 ♀ ( TARI), same locality, 21.III.2010, leg. M.-H. Tsou • 1 ♂ ( TARI), Suleng (四稜), 17.III.2007, leg. M.-H. Tsou.

Redescription.

Adults. Length 2.8–3.8 mm, width 1.7–2.3 mm ( n = 928). Head, prothorax, and legs yellowish or reddish brown (Fig. 10 D – F View Figure 10 ); meso- and metathoracic, and abdominal ventrites blackish brown; antennomeres I – IV yellowish brown, apical 1 / 2 of V dark brown, VI – XI black. Furrows lateral to vertex shallow and short, apically reaching or slightly exceeding apical margins of eyes (Fig. 2 F View Figure 2 ). Antennae (Fig. 14 A View Figure 14 ) filiform in males, ratios of lengths of antennomeres I – XI 1.0: 0.5: 0.5: 0.5: 0.6: 0.6: 0.7: 0.7: 0.7: 0.7: 0.8; ratios of length to width from antennomeres I – XI 3.1: 2.0: 2.2: 2.4: 2.7: 2.3: 2.5: 2.5: 2.2: 2.4: 3.1; similar in females, ratios of lengths of antennomeres I – XI (Fig. 14 B View Figure 14 ) 1.0: 0.5: 0.5: 0.6: 0.6: 0.6: 0.6: 0.6: 0.6: 0.6: 0.8; ratios of length to width from antennomeres I – XI 2.6: 2.1: 2.5: 2.8: 2.5: 2.3: 2.3: 2.3: 2.4: 2.2: 3.1. Pronotum 1.7 × wider than long; disc shining, with sparse, fine punctures, moderately convex; lateral margins rounded; apical margins almost straight; basal margin slightly and medially convex. Elytra 1.3 × longer than wide; disc with coarse punctures arranged longitudinally, with fine punctures between longitudinally arranged coarse punctures; lateral margins rounded, apically narrowed behind basal 1 / 3; humeral calli well developed, hind wings normal. Tarsomeres I of front and middle legs strongly swollen in males (Fig. 14 H View Figure 14 ); less swollen in females (Fig. 14 I View Figure 14 ). Apical margin of abdominal ventrite V in males trilobed, notches shallow; apical margin of abdominal ventrite V broadly rounded in females. Aedeagus (Fig. 14 C – E View Figure 14 ) wide, ~ 3.8 × longer than wide; parallel-sided, apex widely rounded, slightly convex at middle of apical margin; moderately curved in lateral view; ventral surface with wide, longitudinal, sclerotized areas from apical 1 / 6 to middle, sides surrounding with membranous areas; tectum membranous. Endophallic spiculae reduced. Gonocoxae (Fig. 14 F View Figure 14 ) longitudinal and connected at base; each gonocoxa apically narrow; apex narrowly rounded or truncate; curved inwards; with eight long apical setae. Ventrite VIII (Fig. 14 G View Figure 14 ) well sclerotized and small, short, and less dense setae arranged into transverse line along apical margin, apical margin truncate, with two or three long setae at sides, spiculum extremely long. Spermathecal receptaculum (Fig. 14 J View Figure 14 ) strongly swollen; pump long and curved; sclerotized spermathecal duct short beyond spermathecal gland, base of spermathecal gland enlarged and sclerotized.

Color variation.

Most individuals collected from Ilan county have dark reddish brown heads and prothoraces and yellowish brown antennae and legs (Fig. 10 G – I View Figure 10 ), which look like members of E. flavicornis species group.

Diagnosis.

Adults of Euphitrea taiwana are similar to those of E. nisotroides with similar color patterns, but E. taiwana can be easily recognized by the shorter longitudinal ridges on the vertex of the head (Fig. 2 F View Figure 2 ) (long longitudinal ridges on vertex in E. nisotroides (Fig. 2 E View Figure 2 )). In addition, similar sizes of antenna (Fig. 14 A, B View Figure 14 ) and tarsi (Fig. 14 H, I View Figure 14 ) are present in both sexes, the aedeagi are comparatively wider (Fig. 14 C, D View Figure 14 ) (3.8 × longer than wide) and the apical margin of abdominal ventrite VIII is truncate in females (Fig. 14 G View Figure 14 ). These characters differ from those of E. nisotroides , which possess sexually dimorphic antennae (Fig. 11 A, B View Figure 11 ) and tarsi (Fig. 11 H, I View Figure 11 ) in both sexes, more slender aedeagi (Fig. 11 C, D View Figure 11 ) (4.7 × longer than wide) and rounded apical margin of abdominal ventrite VIII in females (Fig. 11 G View Figure 11 ).

Food plants.

Asteraceae : Petasites formosanus Kitam. (Fig. 12 B View Figure 12 ); Cannabaceae : Celtis formosana Hayata (Fig. 12 E View Figure 12 ); Lythraceae : Lagerstroemia subcostata Koehne ; Moraceae : Broussonetia monoica Hance (Fig. 12 D View Figure 12 ); Rosaceae : Prunus campanulata Maxim. ; Ulmaceae : Ulmus uyematsui Hayata (Fig. 12 C View Figure 12 ); Urticaceae : Debregeasia orientalis C. J. Chen (Fig. 12 F View Figure 12 ); Gonostegia hirta (Blume) Miq. ; Oreocnide pedunculata (Shirai) Masam.

Distribution.

This species is extremely common in Taiwan, including a small island, Keelungyu Island (基隆嶼), near northern Taiwan (Fig. 13 View Figure 13 ). They are rather dominant in northern Taiwan. Some populations occur higher than 2000 m elevations.