Fritillaria, Linnaeus, 1753

Diagnostic key including related species of subgenus Fritillaria View in CoL : Fritillaria caucasica group.

1. Flowers in an umbel, surmounted by numerous bracts .......................................................................................... subgenus Petilium

2. Flowers zygomorphic, the nectary of the upper perianth segment larger than that of the rest, forming a curved protuberance on the back of the segment ....................................................................................................................................... subgenus Rhinopetalum

3. Flowers actinomorphic, the nectaries all equal, not forming protuberances on the back of the perianth segments ............................ ................................................................................................................................................................................subgenus Theresia

4. Flowers usually solitary or 2–3 per stem (rarely up to 8–12), style papillose or bifid (subgenus Fritillaria )...................................5

5. Perianth broadly campanulate, the nectary at the point of inflection of the segment, ca. 5 mm above its base, style glabrous, usually divided for 1/4–1/2 .......................................................................................................( F. kotschyan group and F. crassifolia group)

- Perianth narrowly campanulate; the nectary at the base or up to 2 mm above the base of the perianth segment ( F. caucasica group) .................................................................................................................................................................................................6

6. Leaves glaucous..................................................................................................................................................................................7

-. Leaves green or shiny green .............................................................................................................................................................23

7. Style slender .......................................................................................................................................................................................8

- Style stout (thick) .............................................................................................................................................................................17

8. Tepal purple, style 9–17 mm, nectary greenish ................................................................................................................ F. caucasica

- Tepal purple apex thoroughly bright yellow, nectary green-purplish................................................................................... F. zagrica

17. Perianth purple..................................................................................................................................................................................18

- Perianth yellowish or green ..............................................................................................................................................................22

18. Perianth segments often with narrowly median yellowish or greenish stripe in outside and inside ................................................19

- Perianth segments without yellow or green striped..........................................................................................................................21

19. Lowest leaves wide up to 4.5 cm, ovate, obovate or lanceolate.................................................................................... F. avromanica

- Lowest leaves wide up to 2 cm, linear, lanceolate ...........................................................................................................................20

20. Perianth purple-brown, always with yellowish or greenish stripe; nectary dark green, 3.5–5 mm long ............................ F. selenica

- Perianth dusky purplish-grey, sometimes with green stripes; nectary green, 2–4 mm long ............................................ F. assyriaca

21. Leaves usually 4–7, narrowly oblanceolate to elliptic-oblong; perianth inside with yellow striped; nectary green ........................... ................................................................................................................................................................................. F. chlororhabdota

- Leaves usually 4, oblanceolate; perianth inside with a yellow median stripe and blackish striations towards margins; nectariy blackish.............................................................................................................................................................................. F. shehbazii

22. Leaves mostly 4–5; perianth yellowish-green to green; nectary black, 4–6 mm long................................................... F. atrolineata

- Leaves mostly 4–7; perianth yellow-greenish, yellow whitish, green to grayish brownish, rarely reddish purplish or blackish; nectary black rarely greenish, 3–4.5 mm long ............................................................................................................... F. shahuensis

23. Perianth purple; style undivided.......................................................................................................................................................24

- Perianth green, yellow; style divided 1–1.5 mm ..............................................................................................................................26

24. Leaves usually 4, perianth purplish grey with yellow tips ............................................................................................... F.uva-vulpis

- Leaves 3–5 mostly 4, perianth outside purplish grey, rarely with a green or yellowish stripe, inside greenish yellow striped or purplish brown............................................................................................................................................................. F. kordestanica

26. Lowest leaves broadly ovate, lanceolate to linear; perianth green, yellowish, rarely purple; nectary green, 3 mm long.................... ........................................................................................................................................................................................ F. chlorantha

- Lowest leaves broadly lanceolate; perianth dark purplish-brown, sometimes yellowish, greenish-bright orange outside; nectary greenish- yellow, 3.5–4.5 mm long ............................................................................................................... F. marivanensis sp. nov.