Garnotia

GARNOTIA View in CoL

Garnotia Brongn.(1831) t. 21, (1832) 133; Santos (1944) 85;(1950) 3; Gould (1972) 515. — Garnotia Brongn. sect. Erectae Santos (1950) 25, nom. inval. — Garnotia Brongn. subsect. Muticae Santos (1950) 25, 27, nom. inval. — Type: Garnotia stricta Brongn.

Miquelia Arn. & Nees in Nees (1841) 45; (1843: 177), non Blume ( June 1838,nom. rej.), nec Meisn.( Sept. 1838, nom.cons.). — Berghausia Endl. (1843) 57. — Lectotype: Miquelia courtallensis Arn. & Nees [= Berghausia courtallensis (Arn. & Nees) Endl. = Garnotia courtallensis (Arn. & Nees) Thwaites ], designated by Santos (1950: 23).

Garnotia Brongn.subsect. Longiaristatae Santos (1950) 25,27,nom.inval. — ‘Type’: Garnotia longiaristata Santos.

Garnotia Brongn. sect. Deflexae Santos (1950) 26, nom. inval. — Type: Not indicated.

Garnotia Brongn. subsect. Asiaticae Santos (1950) 26, 37, nom. inval. — Garnotia Brongn. rankless Scabridae Santos (1950) 26, 39, nom.inval. — ‘Type’: Garnotia asiatica Santos.

Garnotia Brongn. subsect. Zelanicae Santos (1950) 26, 37, nom. inval. — ‘Type’: Garnotia zelanica Santos.

Garnotia Brongn. subsect. Geniculatae Santos (1950) 27, 46,nom.inval. — ‘Type’: Garnotia geniculata Santos.

Garnotia Brongn. subsect. Scopariae Santos (1950) 27, 46, nom. inval. — Garnotia Brongn. sect. Scoparia Gould (1972) 555. — ‘Type’: Garnotia scoparia Thwaites. View in CoL

Garnotia Brongn. View in CoL rankless Flexuosae Santos (1950) 25,nom.inval. — ‘Type’: Garnotia flexuosa Santos. View in CoL

Garnotia Brongn. rankless Patulae Santos (1950) 25, nom. inval. — ‘Type’: Garnotia patula (Munro) Benth.

Garnotia Brongn. rankless Tortuosae Santos (1950) 25,nom.inval. — ‘Type’: Garnotia tortuosa Santos.

Garnotia Brongn. rankless Laeves Santos (1950) 26,44,nom.inval. — ‘Type’: Garnotia laevis Santos.

Ligule a membranous collar. Inflorescence paniculate, axes spicate, ending in spikelets, persistent. Spikelets pedicellate, paired (or ternate), falling with the glumes, 1-flowered, callus usually puberulous, rachilla process absent. At least one glume as long as the spikelet, 3-nerved. Lemmas not indurated, glabrous, 1–3-nerved, muticous or awned from the sometimes bilobed apex. Stamens 3. Styles free to base, exserted laterally. Hilum punctiform. x = 10,? 16.

Distribution — Approximately 30 spp from Oman (see under G. tenella ), the Seychelles, India to Hawaii, eight taxa in Malesia, six in Thailand.

Anatomy — Kranz MS.

Karyology — 2n = usually 20 ( Gould 1972: 519; Rice et al. 2014), but for ‘ G. stricta ’ from India there are reports of 20+0– 2B, 30 (Rice et al. 2014), 38 ( Muniyama & Narayan 1975), 40 (Sindhe & Narayan 1976), n = 20+1B ( Mehra & Sood 1974), 30 ( Mehra & Sharma 1975). 2n = 32 was counted for G. tenella (Arn. ex Miq.) Janowski by Gosavi & Yadav (2011).

Notes — For the species of sect. Garnotia to which the Thai and Malesian taxa belong it is stated by Bor (1960) followed by Prakash & Jain (1979) and Sunil et al. (2014) that the leaves would articulate between sheath and blade, but we have only seen this occasionally in G. spadicea Ohwi.

Muticous and awned lemmas may occur within the same species, e.g. G. courtallensis (Arn. & Nees) Thwaites and G. micrantha Thwaites (both awned, but sometimes with muticous lemmas in the same inflorescence) and var. nana Stapf (muticous), G. patula (Munro) Benth. var. patula and var. mutica , G. stricta Brongn. var. stricta (muticous) and the awned var. acutigluma (Steud.) Veldk. and var. longiseta Hack. , etc. Hooker f. (1896) already had awned, with or without a tortuous column (!), and muticous specimens within his concept of G. stricta which is perhaps one reason for the misapplication of the specific combination to a diverse range of taxa in Asia.