Hymenocardia punctata Wall. ex Lindl.

Hymenocardia punctata Wall. ex Lindl. View in CoL ― Fig. 2; Map 2 View Map 2

Hymenocardia punctata Wall. View in CoL [(1831) nr. 3549] ex Lindl.(1836) 441; Hook.f. (1877) 377; Pax & K.Hoffm. (1922) 72; Gagnep. (1927) 542; Airy Shaw (1972a) 363; Whitmore (1973) 103; Govaerts et al. (2000) 1013; Welzen (2007) 341, f. 10; pl. XIX: 1. ― Lectotype (designated here): Wallich no. 3549 (K, K001119695; iso G, G-DC 2 sheets, K, K001119696), Burma, Moolmyne, river Akan? at Salum.

Hymenocardia wallichii Tul. (1851) View in CoL 256; Müll.Arg. (1866) 476; Kurz (1877) 394; Pax & K.Hoffm. (1922) 78, f. 8e; Gagnep. (1927) 544. ― Type: Wallich no. 3549 (G-DC; iso G 2 sheets, K 2 sheets), Burma, Moolmyne , river Akan? at Salum. N.B. same duplicates as for H. punctata View in CoL .

Hymenocardia wallichii Tul. var. dasycarpa Gagnep. (1927) 546. ― Type: Thorel s.n. (not seen), Cambodia, Compong-luong.

Samaropyxis elliptica Miq. (1860) 465. ― Type: Teijsmann HB 4248 (holo U), Sumatra, prov. Lampong, prope Marassa .

Hymenocardia laotica Gagnep. (1923) 436; (1927) 546, f. 68: 1. ― Type: Thorel 1283 (holo P; iso A), Laos, Stung-streng (A sheet: Me-Kong, Stong Treng).

Shrubs to trees up to 7 m high, dbh up to 9 cm; flowering branches 2 - 4.5 mm thick. Bark thin, smooth to finely roughened to roughly cracked and flaking, grey to grey-brown. Indumentum present on most parts, scale-like hairs yellow, stipules and floral parts inside glabrous. Stipules 1–3 by 0.2–1 mm. Leaves: petiole 0.5–1.2 cm, hairy, especially above; blade elliptic, 2.2–9 by 1.4–5.2 cm, length/width ratio 1.7–2.1, base emarginate to rounded (to cuneate), apex acute to acuminate, upper surface shiny, green, lower surface densely scaly, at most hairy on nerves and midrib, with (indistinct) hair tuft domatia, dull light green; venation sunken to slightly raised above, raised underneath, nerves 6 - 8 per side. Staminate inflorescences axillary catkins, up to 2.5 cm long, axes dull light yellow-green; bracts pedicelled, pedicel up to 0.5 mm long, blade subpeltate, triangular, c. 0.5 by 0.4 mm. Staminate flowers c. 1.5 mm diam, red to purple; pedicel up to 0.5 mm long, calyx c. 1.5 mm long, lobes 0.4- 0.7 by 0.4 - 0.7 mm, pale light greenish; stamens 4–5, united with pistillode, androphore 0.4 -0.5 mm long, filaments pale pinkish white, c. 1 mm long, anthers c. 1 by 0.7 mm, dark red; pistillode c. 1.2 mm long. Pistillate inflorescences racemes, up to 2 cm long, axes grey-tan; bracts ovate, c. 1 by 1 mm, dull light greenish, early caducous. Pistillate flowers c. 1 mm diam, brown; pedicel up to 2 mm long; sepals 5, triangular, 0.7-1.2 by 0.3- 0.5 mm; ovary flat, ± diamond-shaped, 0.3-1 by 0.3 - 1 mm, green to glossy dark maroon; stigmas 1-15 mm long (elongating with age), maroon. Fruits not winged, heart-shaped with horizontal lobes, 1.6 -2.1 by 1.1-1.5 cm, changing from maroon to brownish green to yellowish; columella very slender, c. 13.5 mm long, apically hardly broadened. Seed unripe?, flat, obovate, c. 6 by 3.5 mm.

Distribution ― Myanmar, Thailand, Laos, Cambodia, Malay Peninsula, Sumatra.

Habitat & Ecology ― In primary to secondary dry diptero- carp forest to mixed deciduous forest, very often along water, like along beaches, rivers, lakes, but also very often in open scrubs, roadsides or at the border between cultivated and natural vegetations. The plant is considered to be a pioneer. Soils generally wet; bedrock sand, sandstone, rhyolite.Altitude: sea level up to 235 m. Flowering: October, December till May; fruiting: February till October.

Vernacular names ― Sumatra: Mersepang, Sepang, Sese- pang, Serpang.

Uses ― Cambodia: Fruits sour, used in cooking. Bark and roots used medicinally.