Malenia, Haupt, 1924

Malenia View in CoL Cedusa

Transversely oblique carina across the gena between the Carina is quite distinct from the subantennal process, subantennal process and the lateral carina of the frons be- and as long as the basal width of the process. ing not longer than half the basal width of the process. ( Fig. 4A View Fig ).

numerous cross veins near apex and anal region, observed infrequently within documented faunal distributions → Family Fulgoridae – Forewings generally measuring less than 10 mm, wing patterning variable, hindwings lacking extensive cross-venation, body exhibiting generalised morphological adaptations for varied environmental niches → 4

4. Forewings overlapping at rest, trailing margins angled posteriorly, body dorsoventrally compressed, often associated with structural adaptations mimicking substrates → Family Achillidae – Forewings not overlapping at rest, body form highly variable, dorsoventral compression not a defining characteristic → 5

5. Beak with apical segment subequal in length and width (except in Cedusa ), forewings frequently exhibiting tubercles along claval veins, antennae often bearing projections or subtended by a shelf-like structure, median carina of frons absent, parameres of males elongate, extending well beyond the pygofer → Family Derbidae (majority of genera) – Beak with apical segment distinctly longer than wide, forewings lacking tubercles along claval veins or possessing tubercles uniformly distributed across all veins, antennae never bearing projections or subtended by a shelf-like structure, median carina of frons present, parameres of males shorter than pygofer → 6

6. Frons exhibiting two or three median carinae, head frequently elongate with anterior projections, median ocellus absent, wing veins smooth, lacking tubercles → Family Dictyopharidae – Frons with a single median carina, head not elongate,median ocellus present above frontoclypeal suture, wing veins frequently tuberculate → Family Cixiidae

7. Forewings with tubercles concentrated on claval veins, or if tubercles are present throughout the claval area, wings waxy with numerous small peripheral cells, beak with apical segment subequal in length and width, frons often compressed with median carina absent, parameres of males elongated beyond the pygofer → Family Derbidae – Forewings lacking tubercles along claval veins or tubercles present throughout all veins, beak with apical segment distinctly longer than wide, frons not compressed, median carina present, parameres of males shorter than pygofer → 8

8. Forewings waxy, bearing tubercles between veins on clavus, numerous costal crossveins, frequently observed in taxa with structural adaptations for arboreal niches → Family Flatidae – Forewings not waxy, tubercles absent from clavus, costal crossveins not numerous, venation indicative of variable functional adaptations → 9

9. Hind tibiae without lateral spines, forewings exhibiting reticulate venation extending fully to the apex of the abdomen, body colour predominantly green or pink, frequently associated with taxa displaying broad-leafed habitat specialisations → Family Acanaloniidae – Hind tibiae bearing lateral spines, forewing venation not reticulate, brachypterous forms often exposing abdominal segments, body colouration typically brown, black, straw-coloured, or occasionally pink in sexually dimorphic individuals → 10

10. Brachypterous forms prevalent, forewings shorter than abdomen, frons bearing sublateral carinae that enclose a large disc-like or elongate areolet, sublateral carinae converging ventrally or nearly so, hind tibiae with a single lateral spine → Family Caliscelidae

– Forewings covering abdomen in both brachypterous and macropterous forms, frons with a median carina, sublateral carinae absent or, if present, never converging ventrally, hind tibiae bearing two lateral spines → Family Derbidae

11. Clavus closed, combined anal veins reaching wing margin within claval area, head projecting slightly beyond eyes, frons generally broad (except in certain Cedusa species), forewings relatively short, subantennal processes present → 12 – Clavus open, combined anal veins not reaching wing margin within claval area, head significantly projecting forward, frons narrow, forewings elongate, subantennal processes weakly developed or absent → Other Derbidae

12. Antennae terete, subtended by a flattened subantennal process from gena or anterior pronotal margin, face not strongly compressed, clavus at least half the length of the entire forewing→ Genus Cedusa – Antennae not subtended by a subantennal process, clavus reduced, face strongly compressed → Other Derbidae

13. Body uniformly dark (black, deep blue, dark grey) or pale with yellowish-brown patches, subantennal process large, extending laterally from gena, completely subtending antennae, sensory pits absent on head and wings → 14 – Body with variable colouration, sensory pits present on head and wings, subantennal process absent or weakly developed → Other Cedusinae

14. Forewings dark bluish-black with a waxy coating, legs orange, male phallus large, broad, claspers hook-shaped, curving inward and upward, body length 4.9–5.2 mm, Cedusa vulgaris (Fitch, 1851) – Forewings lacking waxy coating, colouration not uniformly bluish-black, claspers with alternative morphologies → Other Cedusa species

15. Elytra exhibiting distinct maculation, patterning dispersed as spotted pigmentation across the wing surface → 16

– Elytra uniformly colored, maculation absent → 18

16. Frons marked with a brown “V” at the junction with the clypeus → Cedusa pseudomaculata ( Caldwell, 1944)

– Frons marked with a brown “O” at the junction with the clypeus → Cedusa neomaculata ( Caldwell, 1944)

17. Elytra white at the base, transitioning to a darker apex → Cedusa apicata ( Caldwell, 1944)

– Elytra consistently brown throughout, veins variably colored → Other Cedusa species

18. Male clasper morphology variable, with differentiation based on structural complexity → 19

19. Clasper inner margin smooth, lacking prominent teeth or notches → 20

– Clasper inner margin bearing well-developed teeth or notches → 23

20. Clasper exhibiting a basal projection → 21

– Clasper lacking basal projections → 22

21. Projection long and recurved → Cedusa mexicana ( Caldwell,1944)

– Projection short, inner margin straight → Cedusa delongi ( Caldwell,1944)

22. Clasper oval, possessing a prominent apical hook → Cedusa furcata ( Caldwell,1944)

– Clasper rectangular, apical hook inconspicuous →