Micropera fuscolutea (Lindl.) Garay, Bot. Mus. Leafl.

Micropera fuscolutea (Lindl.) Garay, Bot. Mus. Leafl. View in CoL 23: 186. 1972; Seidenf. & Wood, Orchids Penins. Malaysia Singapore: 617, f. 280d-e. 1992. Sarcochilus fuscoluteus Lindl. , Edwards’s Bot. Reg. 33: sub t. 18. 1847. Type: BORNEO, Cult., March 1847, F.G. Cox (leg. Lowe [= Low]) s.n. (holo K-LINDL!).

Sarcochilus adnatus Ridl., J. Linn. Soc., Bot. View in CoL 32: 373. 1896. Saccolabium adnatum (Ridl.) Ridl., Fl. Malay Penins. View in CoL 4: 174. 1924. Camarotis adnata (Ridl.) Holttum, Gard. Bull. View in CoL Singapore 11: 277. 1947. Lectotype ( designated here): SINGAPORE, Toas district, Goodenough s.n. (SING [SING0056418 digital image!])

Camarotis latisaccata J.J.Sm., Bull. Jard. Bot. Buitenzorg View in CoL , sér. 3, 9: 187. 1927. Type: INDONESIA, Kalimantan, Kapoeas [Kapuas River], s.d., Teysmann 8445 (syn BO n.v., L [ L0061627 digital image!]).

FiGS. 2 View Fig c-d & 4

Stem 40 cm or more long, up to 0.5 cm in diam., covered by rugose leaf sheaths; roots up to 0.35 cm in diam. Leaves 1.8–2 cm apart, oblong-linear, 7–15 × 1.5–2 cm, apex equally to unequally bilobed with rounded lobes, fleshy. Inflorescences more or less upright, 7–8.5(–20) cm long, several-flowered; peduncle 4.3–5.5(–10) cm long, with 2–3 sheathing peduncle scales 3–9 mm long, basal one much longer than others; rachis 2–2.5(–10) cm long, unbranched; bracts broadly triangular, obtuse, 1.8–2 × 1.5–2 mm. Flowers non resupinate, yellow or light orange-yellow, sepals sometimes tipped with brown, labellum yellow tinged with brown at base and white at apex of spur, column white or cream; pedicel and ovary 8–9 mm long. Dorsal sepal oblanceolate-oblong, 7.5–8.5 × 3.4– 3.6 mm, apex broadly rounded, concave, fleshy; lateral sepals ovate-oblong 6.2–6.5 × 3.8–4 mm, oblique, apex rounded. Petals elliptic-oblong, 7–7.3 × 3–3.3 mm, obtuse. Labellum fleshy, deeply boat-shaped, 8.5–9 mm long, 4.7–5.2 mm high, obscurely 3-lobed; lateral lobes inconspicuous broadly triangular 5–5.3 × 0.9–1.3 mm, edges minutely serrate or entire; mid-lobe triangular, 1.8–2 × 2–2.3 mm, apex acute with broad cone callus; spur 4.3–5 mm long, with longitudinal septum and triangular callus at base of mid lobe, 1–1.2 mm long, deep-bilobed, with cone callus at middle of backwall. Column slender, 4.5–5.5 mm long; rostellum beak c. 2 mm long, not twisted. Anther 1.8–2 × 2–2.4 mm, with short beak. Fruit not seen.

Flowering & fruiting: Flowering in June and December; fruit not seen.

Habitat: Epiphyte on Durian trees.

Distribution: Thailand, Peninsular Malaysia, and Borneo.

Specimens examined: THAILAND, Yala, Betong, Ban Chantharat , N 5 o 47’35’’, E 101 o 10’21’’, 230 m, 19.06.2011, J GoogleMaps . Wai 2082 ( PSU); Ibid., 29.12.2012, J . Wai 2184 ( PSU) .

Micropera obtusa (Lindl.) Tang & F.T.Wang, Acta Phytotax. Sin. View in CoL 1: 94. 1951; Pradhan, Indian Orchids 1: 497. 1979; Seidenf., Nordic J. Bot. 2: 193–218. 1982; Christenson, Amer. Orchid Soc. Bull. 54: 955–958. 1985. Sarcochilus obtusus (Lindl.) Benth. ex Hook.f., Fl. Brit. View in CoL India 6: 36. 1894. Camarotis obtusa Lindl. View in CoL , Edwards’s Bot. Reg. 30: 73. 1844; Rchb.f., Bot. Zeit. 22,39: 881. 1864; Trans. Linn. Soc. London 30, 1: 136. 1874; King & Pantl., J. Proc. Asiat. Soc. Bengal 66, 3: 238. 1898; Smith, Natuurk. Tijdschr. Ned.- Indië 72: 97. 1912; Brühl, Guide Orchids Sikkim 141. 1926; Seidenf. & Smitinand, Orchids Thailand 714, Fig. 1 View Fig –9. 1965; Hegde, Arunachal Forest News 3, 3: 7. 1980; Orchids Arunachal Pradesh: 76. 1984. Type: Cult., s.d., Loddiges (leg. Bateman) s.n. (K-LINDL, not found, only a sketch by Reichenbach is preserved in Lindley’s herbarium, we do not know if this was made after the type material). FiG. 5 View Fig

Stem 25–40 cm long c. 0. 5 cm in diam., covered by dark, rugose leaf sheaths and with dark brown scale-hairs. Leaves c. 2 cm apart, oblong-linear, 6–9 × 1–1.5 cm, apex (sub-)unequally bilobed with rounded lobes, fleshy. Inflorescences porrect or pendent, 4–10 cm long, 6–20-flowered; peduncle 2–4 cm long, with 2–3 sheathing peduncle scales 3–4 mm long; rachis 3–6.5 cm long, unbranched; bracts broadly triangular, obtuse, 3–3.5 × 3.5–4 mm. Flowers non resupinate, pinkish or pale purplish, sepals white, sometimes tinged with pale purple, labellum yellow, sometime whitish at base, column white with purplish apex; pedicel and ovary 9–10 mm long with dark brown scale-hairs. Dorsal sepal obovate, 6.5–7.8 × 3–3.5 mm, apex obtuse; lateral sepals obovate-oblong, 6.3–6.5 × 3.1–3.5 mm, slightly oblique. Petals oblanceolate-oblong, 7–7.5 × 2.5–3 mm, slightly falcate, obtuse. Labellum fleshy, deeply boat-shaped, 5–5.5 mm long, 4.8–5.2 mm high, obscurely 3-lobed; lateral lobes inconspicuous, broadly triangular, 3.8–4 × 1–1.5 mm; mid-lobe thickened, triangular with shortly 3-lobed, 0.8–1 × 1.5–2 mm; spur 3.8–4.2 mm long and longitudinal septum, with triangular tongue callus at base of mid lobe, erect, obtuse bilobed. Column slender, 2–2.3 mm long; rostellum beak 1.8–2 mm long, strongly twisted sideways through about 90 degrees counterclockwise. Anther c. 1 × 1 mm with long beak. Fruit not seen.

Flowering & fruiting: Flowering in February; fruit not seen.

Habitat: Epiphyte on trees in open forests, at 900 m elevation.

Distribution: India (East Himalaya), Bangladesh, Nepal, Myanmar, and Thailand.

Specimens examined: THAILAND, Phang-nga, Khao Bangto , c. 900 m, 23.02.1919, A. F. G . Kerr s.n. ( AAU, C, K); s. loc., Lecoulle 21177 ( C) .

Notes: There are a few specimens of this species from Thailand. Seidenfaden (1988) cited only a collection by Kerr. It is similar to M. thailandica but its rostellum is strongly twisted.

Micropera pallida (Roxb.) Lindl. View in CoL , Edwards’s Bot. Reg. 18: t. 1522. 1832; Seidenf., Opera Bot. 95: 120. f. 71, 1988; Seidenf. & Wood, Orchids Penins. Malaysia Singapore: 617. 1992; Kumar et al., J. Threatened Taxa 8: 9416. Aerides pallida Roxb., Fl. Ind. View in CoL 3: 475. 1832 [as ‘ pallidum ’]. Camarotis pallida (Roxb.) Lindl., J. Proc. Linn. Soc., Bot. View in CoL 3: 37. 1859; Kerr, J. Siam Soc., Nat. Hist. Suppl. 9: 238. 1933. Sarcochilus roxburghii Hook.f., Fl. Brit. View in CoL India 6: 36. 1894. Type: INDIA, eastern parts of West Bengal , or BANGLADESH, Chittagong, Icon. Aerides pallidum [sic], Roxburgh 2349 [origin unknown] (syn CAL, K digital image!).

Camarotis apiculata Rchb.f., Bonplandia View in CoL 5: 39. 1857; Smith, Natuurk. Tijdschr. Ned.- Indië 72: 79-115. 1912; Bull. Jard. Bot. Buitenzorg. 3. s. 11: 83-160. 1931; Feddes Repert. Spec. Nov. Regni Veg. Beih. 32: 129-386. 1933; Carr, Gard. Bull. Singapore 7: 54. 1932; Masam., Enum. Phanerog. Born.: 137. 1942; Holttum, Orchid. Malaya: 633, f. 187 c-h. 1957; Seidenf. & Smitinand, Orchids Thailand: 708, f. 527. 1965; Backer & Bakh.f., Fl. Java (Spermatoph.) 3: 440. 1968; Kerr, Nat. Hist. Bull. Siam Soc. 23, 1-2: 185-211. 1969; Seidenf., Bull. Mus. Hist. Nat. (Paris): 112. 1973. Micropera apiculata (Rchb.f.) Garay, Bot. Mus. Leafl. View in CoL 23: 186. 1972. Sarcanthus apiculatus (Rchb.f.) J.J.Sm., Orch. View in CoL Java: 598. 1905. Dendrocolla apiculata Zoll. & Mor., Bonplandia View in CoL 5: 39. 1857, in syn. Type: INDONESIA, Java, Paradana, 06.06. 1843, Zollinger 1359 (syn W, Herb. Reichenbach 48556, n.v.), C!, P [P00362565, P00362566 digital images!]).

Camarotis cochinchinensis Rchb.f., Gard. Chron. View in CoL , n.s. 6: 740. 1876. Sarcochilus cochinchinensis (Rchb.f.) G.Nicholson, Ill. Dict. Gard. View in CoL 3: 360. 1886. Type: VIETNAM, cult., Laurence s.n. (holo W, herb. Reichenbach 48559, n. v.).

Saccolabium saxicola Ridl., Trans. Linn. Soc. London View in CoL 3: 374. 1893 [as ‘ saxicolum ’]. Type: PENINSULAR MALAYSIA, Kota Glanggi , Ridley s.n. (holo SING, n. v.).

Sarcanthus thorelii Guillaumin, Bull.Soc. Bot. View in CoL France 77: 331. 1930. Type: THAILAND, Godefroy 633 (syn P [ P00361136 digital image!]); CAMBODIA, Angkor Thom , Harmand s.n. (syn P [ P00361138 digital image!]); Prea Can , Harmand s.n. (syn P?, n. v.); VIETNAM, C. Thorel 159 (syn P [ P00361141 digital image!]). FiGS. 2e View Fig & 6 View Fig

Stem up to 30 cm long, glabrous, covered by smooth leaf sheaths; roots arising along stem. Leaves distichous, c. 2 cm apart, flat, conduplicate, oblong-linear, 8–15 × 1–1.5 cm, apex equally to unequally bilobed with rounded lobes, fleshy. Inflorescences pendent, 5–8 cm long, several-flowered; peduncle 5–10 cm long, with 2-3 sheathing peduncle scales 1.5–2 mm long; rachis 5–8 cm or more long, unbranched; bracts broadly triangular, obtuse, c. 2.5 × 2.5 mm. Flowers non resupinate, yellow, labellum yellow, sepals yellow, sometimes tipped with purple midline on back, column white or cream; pedicel and ovary terete with longitudinal grooves, 1–1.2 mm long. Dorsal sepal elliptic-ovate, 6–6.5 × 2–2.5 mm, apex broadly rounded; 5-veined; lateral sepals broadly elliptic, 6–6.3 × 2.3– 2.6 mm, 5-veined. Petals elliptic-lanceolate, 5–5.5 × 2–2.5 mm, acute; 3-veined. Labellum fleshy, chin-shaped, 3–4 mm long, 8–9 mm high; lateral lobes conspicuous, quadrangular, 4–4.5 × 2–2.2 mm; mid-lobe triangular, 3–3.2 × 3.2–3.5 mm; spur 4.5–5 mm long, with longitudinal septum and triangular callus at base of mid lobe, split at end; back wall of spur with obscure callus; spur with longitudinal septum. Column 2–3 mm long; rostellum beak c. 2 mm long, not twisted. Anther c. 2.3 mm long, with long beak. Fruit terete, 5–6 × 0.5–0.7 cm long.

Flowering & fruiting: Flowering during July– October; fruiting during October.

Habitat: Epiphyte in evergreen forests.

Distribution: India, Bangladesh, Laos, Myanmar, Thailand, Laos, Cambodia, Vietnam, Malaysia, Indonesia.

Specimens examined: THAILAND, Chaiyaphum, Between Nam Prom and Tunkamang, Geesink 6909 ( C); Ibid . , 24.03.1980, G . Seidenfaden & T . Smitinand 8822 ( C); Phu Khieo , 19.02.1977, N . Jacobsen 48 ( C); Dat Don , 300-400 m, 24.03.1973, K . Larsen, S . S . Larsen, I . Nielsen & T . Santisuk 31789 ( AAU) . Chantaburi, Ban Thakien Thong W of Soi Dao , 50–75 m, 23.03.1973, K . Larsen, S . S . Larsen, I . Nielsen & T . Santisuk 32239 ( AAU). Road from Chantaburi to Trat, 16.11.1969, C . F. van Beusekom & T. Smitinand 2239 ( AAU, BKF); Ibid . , 23.03.1973, K . Larsen, S . S . Larsen, I . Nielsen & T . Santisuk 32400 ( AAU, BKF) . Chiang Mai, Doi Suthep, 03.1959, G . Seidenfaden & T . Smitinand 3507 ( C) . Kamphaeng Phet, 25.05.1912, A . F .G. Kerr 308 ( K) . Kanchanaburi, near Wangka, 150 m, 24.05.1946, A . Kostermans 722 ( C, K); Saiyok , T . Smitinand 7436 ( C); Sangklaburi, Chedi Sam Ong Market , 14.08.2011, J . Phelps 436 ( BKF) . Nakhon Si Thammarat, Khao Chem, Tungsong, Rabil 125 ( C) . Narathiwat, Su-ngai Padi, Paa Wai, 10.02.1988, C . Niyomdham 1666 ( BKF); Su-ngai Padi , 28.07.2006, V . Rattanabunno 20 ( BKF); Tak Bai , 22.07.1988, C . Niyomdham 1898 ( K) . Pathum Thani, Phra Tam Nak Suan Pathum, 16.06.2004, S . Suddee et al. 2023 ( BKF) . Phetchabun, Nam Nao National Park , 21.02.1977, N . Jacobsen 72 ( C) . Phetchaburi, Kaeng Krachan, Mae Pradon River , 110 m, 23.08.2002, D. J . Middleton et al. 951 ( BKF); Kaeng Krachan National Park , 27.08.2004, I . Nielson et al. 1932 ( BKF); Ibid . , 290 m, 10.05.2005, D. J . Middleton, C . Hemrat, S . Lindsay, S . Suddee & S . Suwanachat 3345 ( BKF); Ibid . , 15.01.2008, S . Raksue 03 ( BKF); Ibid . , 403 m, 08.04.2010, N . Toolmal & W . Somprasong ( BKF); Krabue , Sagarik s.n. ( C) . Phitsanulok, Lomsak road at km 80, 09.02.1964, G . Seidenfaden & T . Smitinand 5362 ( C); N of Thung Salaeng Luang , G . Seidenfaden & T . Smitinand 5388; Thung Salaeng Luang , G . Seidenfaden & T . Smitinand 5365 ( C); Thung Salaeng Luang National Park , 750- 800 m, 18.05.2007, O . Phueakkhlai, P . Tippayasri & N . Anuraktrakoon 20 ( BKF) . Prachuap Khiri Khan, Pranburi, Ban Tak Tawan, 30.07.1931, Marcan 2700 ( C); Sam Roi Yot , 50 m, 08.07.1914, A . F .G. Kerr 329 ( K) . Songkhla, Hat Yai Nai, 09.07.1985, J . F . Naxwell 85-699 ( BKF) . Surat Thani, Bangbao, 14.10.1960, G . Seidenfaden & T . Smitinand 529 ( C); Ibid . , 07.08.1971, G . Seidenfaden & T . Smitinand 627 ( C); W of Bangto, Huay Ai Chuang , 16.06.1970, G . Seidenfaden & T . Smitinand 7614 ( C) . Trat, between Khlung & Trat, 20 m, 12 06.1972, T . Smitinand 1160 ( BKF); Koh Chang , 11.08.1960, G . Seidenfaden & T . Smitinand 3651 ( C) . Uthai Thani, Huay Nam Wing, Banrai, 27.03.1980, Kasem 308 ( C); s. loc., T . Smitinand s. n. ( C) . Yala, Khao Pok Yok near Banang Sata, 500-600 m, 29.11.1990, K . Larsen, S . S . Larsen, A . S . Barfod, W . Nanakorn, W . Ueachirakan & P . Sirirugsa 41819 ( AAU); Betong, Ban Chantharat , N 5 o 47’ N , E 101 o 10’, 230 m, 23.07.2007, J . Wai 1058 ( PSU!); Ibid. , 14.08.2011, J . Wai 2090 ( PSU) . CAMBODIA, Angkor Thom, Preacan, Egerod 373 ( C!) . MYANMAR, Tenasserim, A. F .G. Kerr 01000 ( C) . INDONESIA, Java, Paradana, Zollinger 1359 ( C) . MALAYSIA, Selangor, Klang, Nur s.n. ( C) . LAOS, Vientiane Plain, A . D. Kerr 1941 ( C); Muang Baw , c. 200 m, 27.04.1932, A . F .G. Kerr 987 ( K) .

Note: This common species can be identified by the large side lobes of the labellum and the straight spur.