Notaeolidioidea Eliot, 1910

Superfamily Notaeolidioidea Eliot, 1910 , reinstated

( Fig. 2; Tables 1–3)

= Proteolidoidea Odhner in Franc 1968: 881.

Diagnosis: Unique within the Aeolidacea superfamily in having an oligoserial radula, with the number of rows of lateral teeth more than one and less than 10. Notal edge present, continuous to discontinuous. Cerata are not placed in regular rows, on lateral notal extensions. Rhinophores with folds and wrinkles. Anus pleuroproctic. Nephroproct in front of genital openings reported as another unique feature. Anterior foot corners present, partly fused with thickened anterior edge of foot. No elaborate oral glands. Masticatory edges of jaws smooth. Central teeth with short basis and strong cusp, not compressed by adjacent lateral denticles. Lateral teeth denticulated, placed in more than one longitudinal row on each side of the central teeth. Distal seminal receptaculum. Clasping organ in female part of reproductive system absent. Vas deferens commonly very long, prostate indistinct. Supplementary gland in male part of reproductive system or other accessory glands absent. Massive external permanent penial collar present or absent. Penis unarmed, external, attached directly to the body wall in a single species ‘ Notaeolidia ’ schmekelae Wägele, 1990 or internal, broad and unarmed in two other currently recognized Notaeolidia species.

Families included: Notaeolidiidae Eliot, 1910 .

Family Notaeolidiidae Eliot, 1910 View in CoL ( Figs 1, 2; Table 4) Eliot 1910: 69, 70, 72.

Notaeolidiidae View in CoL ‘Odhner, 1926’: Wägele 1990: 309, 330. Korshunova et al. 2017a: 16, 67, 72, 73, 74, supplementary materials.

Diagnosis: Body wide. Notal edge reduced, continuous to discontinuous. Cerata on lateral extensions, numerous per row. Ceratal rows branched. Rhinophores with folds and wrinkles. Anus pleuroproctic under notal edge. Masticatory edges of jaws smooth. Radula formula 7-2.1.2-7. Central teeth with short basis and strong cusp, not compressed by adjacent lateral denticles. Lateral teeth denticulated, basal part more commonly is not considerably elongated, but can be also widened. Distal receptaculum seminis. Vas deferens commonly very long, prostate indistinct. Supplementary and accessory glands absent. Massive external permanent penial collar present or absent. Penis external or internal, broad, unarmed.

Genera included: Notaeolidia Eliot, 1905 , at least for ‘ Notaeolidia ’ schmekelae Wägele, 1990 , needs to be further established a separate genus, because of the presence of a non-retractable penis, which is directly attached to the body wall (combined with the massive external penial collar), and presence of the widened basal part of the lateral teeth ( Table 4).

Remarks: Although molecular data for the family Notaeolidiidae have been known previously (e.g. Goodheart et al. 2018), in the present study, for the first time, the molecular phylogenetic data for Notaeolidiidae have been integrated with all known families of the suborder Aeolidacea in a comprehensive, all-encompassing phylogeny ( Figs 1, 2). According to the present analysis, the family Notaeolidiidae , placed together with the superfamilies Samloidea and Apataoidea , is sister to all other aeolidacean superfamilies and families ( Figs 1, 2). This position is well corroborated by morphological data, since superfamily Notaeolidioidea and family Notaeolidiidae are the only taxa within the whole suborder Aeolidacea that have preserved an ancestral oligoserial radula ( Odhner 1934, Wägele 1990) ( Fig. 1). The sister-position of the oligoserial superfamily Notaeolidioidea to the triserial superfamily Samloidea well highlights the direction of the consequent reduction of the ancestral oligoserial radula, first to the triserial radula in several superfamilies of the Aeolidacea [ Samloidea , Apataoidea , Fionoidea (family Eubranchidae only), Chudoidea superfam. nov, Cumanotoidea , and Flabellinoidea ], and then, reduced into a uniserial radula, at least four times independently, within the superfamilies Unidentioidea (only the single included family Unidentiidae ), Fionoidea (the absolute majority of families), Aeolidioidea , and Flabellinopsoidea (only the new family Hantazuidae fam. nov. is confirmed as having a uniserial radula, see Synopsis below; Fig. 2).

Superfamily Samloidea Korshunova et al., 2017 , herein established

( Fig. 2; Tables 1–3)

Diagnosis: Aeolidacean superfamily with triserial radula. Notal edge discontinuous or completely reduced. Cerata on low elevations. Ceratal rows branched. Rhinophores perfoliate. Anus pleuroproctic under the reduced notal edge or shifted toward the acleioproctic position. Anterior foot corners present. Elaborate oral glands present. Jaws with masticatory edges bear a single to several moderate or strong denticles. Central teeth usually with strong cusp, rarely compressed by adjacent lateral denticles. Lateral teeth denticulated. Distal and proximal receptaculum seminis or only a proximal receptaculum. Clasping organ in female part of reproductive system absent. Vas deferens usually short, to moderate, prostate indistinct or distinct. Supplementary and accessory glands absent. Massive external permanent penial collar absent. Penis internal, not considerably widened, unarmed.

Families included: Samlidae Korshunova et al. 2017 .