Ormocarpum cochinchinense (Lour.) Merr.

1. Ormocarpum cochinchinense (Lour.) Merr. View in CoL — Fig. 1 View Fig

Ormocarpum cochinchinense (Lour.) Merr.(1910) View in CoL 76; (1923) 282. — Diphaca cochinchinensis Lour. (1790) View in CoL 454; Miq. (1855) 281. — Dalbergia diphaca Pers. (1807) View in CoL 276, nom. superfl. — Parkinsonia orientalis Spreng. (1827) View in CoL 170, nom. superfl. — Ormocarpum orientale (Spreng.) Merr. (1917) View in CoL 266, nom.superfl.;Backer & Bakh.f. (1964) 598;Verdc. (1979) 364. — Lectotype (designated here by Adema): de Loureiro s.n. (lecto BM [BM000798089]*; isolecto BM [BM000798103]*), Indochina.

[ Solulus arbor Rumph. (1743) 200, t. 128, nom. inval. See Merrill (1917) 266 for an interpretation.]

Aeschynomene coluteoides A.Rich. (1834) 87. — Type: Richard s.n. (n.v.), Guam.

Ormocarpum ochroleucum Zoll. & Moritzi in Moritzi (1845) 6. — Type: Zollinger 1215 (n.v.), Java, Tjiringin , in littore maris.

Ormocarpum glabrum Teijsm. & Binn. (1864) 56. — Type: Teijsmann s.n. (BO?, n.v.), Moluccas, Ceram .

Ormocarpum glabrum Teijsm. & Binn. var. minahassanum Teijsm. & Binn. (1864) 56 (‘ minahassana ’). — Type: Teijsmann s.n. ( BO?, n.v.), Celebes, prov. Menado, Minahassa .

Treelets or shrubs, up to 10 m tall. Twigs terete, 3 – 5 mm diam, glabrous. Stipules (narrowly) triangular, 4.7–12 by 1.5–3 mm, outside tomentose, inside short-hairy, fimbriate at margins, later glabrous. Leaves with 11–17 leaflets. Petioles 2–16 mm long, ± terete, glabrous; rachis mostly as the petioles, 34–103 mm long; pulvinus 1–4 mm long. Leaflets: terminal one elliptic to obovate, 13–33 by 6–14 mm, 1–3.2 times as long as wide, base acute to cuneate, rarely rounded, apex rounded, apiculate, upper surface glabrous, lower surface glaucous, glabrous or with very few appressed hairs, midrib and nerves ± sunken above, nerves 5–10 per side, 1.7–3.7 mm apart, venation (slightly) darker than the rest of the surface, midrib sometimes whitish; lateral leaflets mostly as the terminal one, (narrowly) elliptic to obovate, 10–23 by 4–12 mm, 1.5–3.3 times as long as wide; pulvinus 1–2 mm long. Bracts to the flowers broadly obovate to orbicular, 1.3–2 by 0.7–2 mm, outside glabrous, inside with very few short hairs at the base. Pedicels 5–17 mm long, glabrous. Bracteoles circular to elliptic or narrowly triangular, 1.5–4 by 0.8–2 mm, outside glabrous, inside with some hairs at the base. Flowers fragrant. Calyx white to green, 9–17 mm long, tube 7–13 mm long; teeth of upper lip triangular to semi-rounded, 2–5.3 by 1.2–4 mm; lateral lobes elliptic to (narrowly) triangular, 3.3–7 by 2–4 mm, median lobe triangular, 4–7 by 2–4 mm; both sides glabrous. Corolla white to pale yellow, with violet spots. Standard: claw 1–3 mm long; blade orbicular, 13–18 by 13–17 mm, apex rounded, with 1 or 2 basal callosities, both sides glabrous. Wings: claw 2– 4 mm long; blade obovate to elliptic, rarely semi-circular, 10–16 by 7– 9 mm, apex rounded, both sides glabrous, not sculpted outside. Keel petals: claw 3–6 mm long; blade ovate, 7–14 by 7–10.7 mm, apex rounded, auricles inconspicuous, up to 0.3 mm long, both sides glabrous. Stamens in 2 bundles of 5 each, tube 6–10 mm long, free part 2–11 mm long, glabrous; anthers 1–2.3 by 0.5–0.9 mm, glabrous. Disc cup-shaped, 0.6–2 mm long, glabrous. Ovary 8–15 mm long, glabrous; stipe 2–8 mm long, glabrous or with few, appressed hairs at apex; ovules 3–10; style 3–12.5 mm long, glabrous. Pods strap-like, 6–12 by 0.4–0.8 cm, (light) green to yellow, mature brown, old black, veined, beak glabrous or with few appressed hairs, 5–8 mm long, stipe 5–10 mm long, glabrous, articles up to 8, flattened ellipsoid, 10–35 by 4–8 mm, glabrous. Seeds flattened ellipsoid, 5–8 by 2.5–4 by 0.4–2.2 mm, glabrous; hilum 0.5–1 mm long.

Distribution — China, Japan, Taiwan, Vietnam, Thailand; Malesia: Peninsular Malaysia, Singapore, Sumatra (Medan), Java, Borneo ( Sarawak), Philippines (Luzon, Mindanao), Sulawesi (Minahasa), Lesser Sunda Islands (Sumbawa, Timor), Moluccas ( Ambon, Bacan, Halmahera, Seram), New Guinea; Australia, Solomon Islands, Vanuatu, New Caledonia.

Habitat & Ecology — Dry primary forests, secondary forests, grasslands, beaches, along rivers, inundated swamp areas. Altitude: up to 700 m. Flowering and fruiting: January to De- cember.

Notes — 1. Hairs if present not bulbous-based.

2. Similar to O. fijiense in the large leaflets, different from that species in the smaller flowers with hairy ovaries.

3. According to Gillett (1966: 335) the name Diphaca cochinchinensis is doubtful or even illegitimate (see also Smith 1985). He based this idea on two facts: 1. Diphaca was described by De Loureiro (1790) on the fact that the flowers of the specimens have 2 ovaries; and 2. Gillett saw this as a ‘monstrosity’ and monstrosities were not accepted as type material. However, only one of the two sheets of De Loureiro’s Diphaca cochinchinensis shows this character. Selecting the other sheet as lectotype, as done here, would easily have solved that problem. Furthermore, the rule that excludes ‘monstrosities’ as types has been removed from the code in 1978. Moreover, the presence of more than one ovary in flowers of Fabaceae is a normal though rare phenomenom. The sentence in the ‘Observationes’ ( De Loureiro 1790): ‘Hanc plantam Hedysarum ecastaphyllum vocaverat Linnaeus (Mantissa 446)’ is not a citation of a syno- nym as proposed by Gillett, but a comparison. The sentence means: ‘This plant reminds us (is reminiscent of) Hedysarum ecastaphyllum L.’ In short: Diphaca cochinchinensis Lour. is a valid and legitimate name. The sheet taken as lectotype shows the most complete plant material and not the double ovaries.

4. According to Merrill (1917), Sprengel (1827) based his Parkinsonia orientalis solely on Solulus arbor of Rumphius (1743), however, Sprengel gives as synonyms also Diphaca cochinchinensis and Dalbergia diphaca . This makes both Sprengel’s name Parkinsonia orientalis and Merrill’s new com- bination Ormocarpum orientale (Spreng.) Merr. illegitimate.

5. Kajewski 9292, collected in Vanuatu, with glabrous peti- oles, rachises and pedicels is included here.