Oxysternon ( Oxysternon ) festivum ( Linnaeus, 1758 )

Oxysternon ( Oxysternon) festivum ( Linnaeus, 1758) View in CoL

Scarabaeus festivus Linnaeus 1758: 350 View in CoL View Cited Treatment

Note. Two presently recognized subspecies of Oxysternon ( Oxysternon) festivum View in CoL have been described, one of which occurs in the research area. The other one is O. ( O.) festivum nigerrimum Arnaud, 2002 View in CoL (recorded from Trinidad and Tobago).

Subspecies Oxysternon ( Oxysternon) festivum festivum ( Linnaeus, 1758) View in CoL

Scarabaeus festivus Linnaeus 1758: 350 View in CoL View Cited Treatment ( Suriname - LECTOTYPE)

= Oxysternon ( Oxysternon) festivum viridanum Arnaud 2002c: 71 View in CoL ( Brazil, Venezuela (EO)) - Edmonds and Zídek 2004: 12 (syn. nov.)

Distribution. Guyana: Erichson 1848: 564 (as Phanaeus festivus ); Bodkin 1919: 213 (as Phanaeus festivus ); Forsyth and Gill 1993: 70; Arnaud 2002c: 71; Edmonds and Zídek 2004: 12; Bicknell et al. 2014: table S1. Suriname: Arnaud 2002c: 71; Edmonds and Zídek 2004: 12; Larsen 2011: 99, 2013: 97; Hielkema 2017: 4 (designation LECTOTYPE Scarabaeus festivus ); MHCN; NZCS; RMNH. French Guiana: Feer 2000: 32; Arnaud 2002c: 71; Edmonds and Zídek 2004: 12; Feer and Pincebourde 2005: 30; Brûlé et al. 2011a: 193, 2011b: 121, 2014: 183; Brûlé and Dalens 2012a annex 4: 18; Price and Feer 2012: 327; Boilly et al. 2016: 95. “Guianas”: Gillet 1911b: 87; Olsoufieff 1924: 112; Blackwelder 1944: 210. Brazil (NA): Gillet 1911b: 87; Olsoufieff 1924: 112 (NA); Blackwelder 1944: 210; Vaz-de-Mello 2000: 194 (as O. ( Oxysternon) festivum festivum ; as O. ( Oxysternon) festivum viridanum ); Arnaud 2002c: 71 (as O. festivum festivum ; as O. festivum viridanum ); Edmonds and Zídek 2004: 12 (NA); Quintero and Roslin 2005: appendix A (NA); Gardner et al. 2008: table S1 (NA); Pacheco and Vaz-de-Mello 2015: 2 (as O. ( Oxysternon) festivum viridanum ) (NA). Venezuela (EO): Olsoufieff 1924: 112; Arnaud 2002c: 71 (as O. festivum viridanum ) (EO); Edmonds and Zídek 2004: 12 (EO); Ferrer-Paris et al. 2013: 110 (EO). Other: Linnaeus 1758: 350 (America - as Scarabaeus festivus ); Gillet 1911b: 87 (Trinidad and Tobago); Olsoufieff 1924: 112 (none - as O. festivum ab. viridanum); Blackwelder 1944: 210 (Trinidad and Tobago); Medina et al. 2001: 140 (Colombia); Edmonds and Zídek 2004: 12 (none - designation LECTOTYPE Scarabaeus festivus ).

Note 1. Hielkema (2017: 4) shows that Scarabaeus festivus (now Oxysternon ( Oxysternon) festivum ) is described in Linnaeus (1758: 350) rather than in Linnaeus (1767: 552), invalidates the lectotype designated in Edmonds and Zídek (2004: 12), and designates a new lectotype.

Note 2. According to Arnaud (2002c: 71) and Edmonds and Zídek (2004: 12), the specimens of Oxysternon festivum from Trinidad and Tobago as mentioned in Gillet (1911b: 87) and Blackwelder (1944: 210) belong to the subspecies O. festivum nigerrimum .